江苏省徐州市2025届高三英语上学期期中试题含解析

PAGEPAGE25江苏省徐州市2025届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小过知阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemanlookingat?A.Apot.B.Apainting.CAphotograph.2.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Callataxi.B.Getaguitar.C.Gotoanothercounter.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandemployee.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Doctorandpatient.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inastadium.B.Intheirhome.C.Inatheater.5.Whycouldn'tthewomanfindherwallet?A.Itwasinthecar.B.ItwascoveredbysomeclothesC.Itwasundersomebooks.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题．6.WhatmakesJoshfeelbadrightnow?A.Bread.B.Amushroomdish.C.Hotpeppers.7.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Angry.B.Excited.C.Surprised.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredidthemanfindoutaboutthead?A.Fromthenewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromaradiostation.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuyatfirst?A.Asofa.B.Acomputer.C.Awashingmachine.10.WhydoesthewomanwanttoselltheTV?A.Itistooold.B.Itdoesn'twork.C.Shewonanewone.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whoisthegirlspeakingto?A.Herbrother.B.Aswimmingteacher.C.Areceptionistatthepoolcenter.12.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InJune.B.InJuly.C.InSeptember.13.Whatisthegirl'smaingoal?A.Tobecomeagoodswimmer.B.Toswimwithherbrotherandsister.C.Tocelebratethefirstdayofsummer.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whoisthemanbuyingthepostcardfor?A.Himself.B.Hissister.C.Hisgirlfriend.15.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InLondon.B.InParis.C.InVenice.16.Wherecanthemanseethepricesofthemasks?A.Inthemiddleofeachmask.B.Onthebackofeachmask.C.Onthewallbehindhim.17.Whatdoesthewomantelltheman?A.Themasksareveryexpensive.B.Theglassplateshavebeensentout.C.Theyhavealotofchocolatetochoosefrom.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whywerenopeopleinjured?A.Thepeopleescapedfromthebuildings.B.Thebuildingsweren'tdamagedseriously.C.Fewpeoplewereintheearthquakecentre.19.Howlargeisthedisasterarea?A.Twentymiles.B.Fiftymiles.C.Onehundredmiles.20.Whichadvicedoesthespeakergive?A.Contactingpeopleyouknow.B.Takingcoverinbuildings.C.Payingattentiontosmallquakes.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADearParents,Singaporeiscurrentlyexperiencingahistoricallyhighnumberofdengue(登革热）cases.TheNationalEnvironment_Agency(NEA)isstronglyencouragingallresidentsstayingindengueclusterareasto:Sprayinsecticidesindarkcornersathome(e.g.behindcurtainsandunderbeds);Applyinsectrepellent(驱虫剂）regularly;Wearlong-sleevetopsandlongpants.Ourschoolislocatedinornearadengueclusterareawith208casesby28July2024.Toprotectyourchildfromdengue,NEAwillbeprovidingabottleofrepellenttohim/her,foryourfamily'suse.Inaddition,RVPSwillalsobeprovidingeachRViantwocomplimentarypiecesofmosquitopatches.Youarestronglyadvisedtoconsiderapplyinginsectrepellentonyourchildrenbeforetheyleavehomeforschool.Studentsarealsoencouragedtobringtheinsectrepellenttoschoolforre-application,beforetheyleaveschoolforhome.OurteacherswillalsobeconductingalessonondenguepreventionforallRViansthisFriday.Doremindyourfamilymemberstoapplyinsectrepellenttoo.Theguidelineontheuseofinsectrepellentsprayisattachedforyourreference.Thankyou.Warmregards,MdmWongLiPengPrincipal1.Whatisthepresentsituationoftheschool?A.Ithasbeenshutdown.B.Ithasover208denguecases.C.Itislikelytohavedenguecases.D.Ithasconducteddenguepreventionlessons.2.WhatshouldresidentsdoaccordingtotheNationalEnvironmentAgency?A.Stayindengueclusterareas.B.Applyinsectrepellentregularly.C.Wearshort-sleevetopsandlongpants.D.Sprayinsectrepellenteverywhereathome.3.What'sthepurposeoftheletter?A.Tocallonalltheparentstostayathome.B.Toteachparentshowtouseinsectrepellent.C.Toremindchildrentobringinsectrepellenttoschool.D.Toadviseparentstoprotectthechildrenfromdengue.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，是关于加强预防登革热相关措施的告知信。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据倒数第六段第一句话“Ourschoolislocatedinornearadengueclusterareawith208casesby28July2024.我校位于登革热聚集区或旁边，截至2024年7月28日已有208例病例。”可知学校所在的区域属于高危地区，所以孩子们有可能被传染，可能产生登革热病例。故选C。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章的第四行“Applyinsectrepellent(驱虫剂）regularly;定期喷洒驱蚊剂;”可知居民要定期喷洒驱蚊剂。故选B。【3题详解】推理推断题。通读全文可知，文章主要内容是：告知加强预防登革热的措施，同时也给家长提了一些建议，也就是关于防护的建议。结合文章的主要内容可知这封信的目的是告知父母一些防护建议。故答案为D。BTheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024totwowomenscientists,CharpentierandDoudna,“forthedevelopmentofamethodforgeneediting."Thediscoveryofthesegeneticscissorswasunexpected.DuringCharpentier'sstudiesofStreptococcuspyogenes,oneofthebacteriathatcausethemostharmtohumans,shediscoveredapreviouslyunknownmolecule(分子），tracrRNA.HerworkshowedthattracrRNAispartofbacteria'sancientimmunesystem,CRISPR/Cas.CharpentierpublishedherdiscoveryinNaturein2011anddescribedhowtracrRNAworkswiththeCas9protein(蛋白质）tofollowandkillvirusesbycuttinguptheirDNA.Theninthatsameyear,CharpentierbegantocooperatewithDoudna,anexperiencedbiochemistinRNA.Together,theysucceededinrecreatingthebacteria'sgeneticscissorsinatesttubeandsimplifyingthescissors'molecularcomponentssotheywereeasiertouse.Theythenreprogrammedthegeneticscissors.Intheirnaturalform,thescissorsrecognizeDNAfromviruses,butCharpentierandDoudnaprovedthattheycouldbecontrolledsothattheycancutanyDNAmoleculeatapredeterminedsite.WheretheDNAiscut,itistheneasytorewritethecodeoflife.SincetheCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissorswerediscoveredin2012,theirusehasexplodedthoughthereareconcernsthatthetechnologycouldbemisused.Thistoolhascontributedtomanyimportantdiscoveriesinbasicresearch,andplantresearchershavebeenabletodevelopcropsthatwithstandmould,pestsanddrought.Inmedicine,clinicaltrialsofnewcancertherapiesareunderway,andthedreamofbeingabletocureinheriteddiseasesisabouttocometrue.4.AccordingtoCharpentier'sstudiesofStreptococcuspyogenes,tracrRNA_____A.canchangelife'sDNApreciselyB.causesthemostharmtohumanbeingsCisapreviouslyunknownimmunesystemD.workswithCas9proteintosplitviruses'DNA5.Whichordershowsthediscoveryofthegeneticscissors?aCharpentierbegantocooperatewithDoudna.b.Charpentierpublishedherdiscoveryin2011.c.CharpentierstudiedStreptococcuspyogenes.d.Thebacteria'sgeneticscissorswererecreated.e.ThegeneticscissorswerethenreprogrammedA.a-b-d-c-eB.c-a-b-e-dC.a-d-e-c-bD.c-b-a-d-e6.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Concernsaboutthemisuseofgeneticscissors.B.Thewidely-spreaduseofthegeneticscissors.C.Theimportantdiscoveriesinbasicresearch.D.Contributionstocureforinheriteddiseases.7.Whichofhefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Cooperation:SecrettoSuccessinScientificResearchesB.GeneticScissors:aToolforRewritingtheCodeofLifeC.Charpentier&Doudna:WomenScientistsAcknowledgedD.TheNobelPrizeinChemistry:aPromoterofGeneEditing【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了基因剪刀的发觉、作用以及应用在哪些方面。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“CharpentierpublishedherdiscoveryinNaturein2011anddescribedhowtracrRNAworkswiththeCas9protein(蛋白质）tofollowandkillvirusesbycuttinguptheirDNA.”2011年，Charpentier在《自然》杂志上发表了她的发觉，并描述了tracrRNA如何与Cas9蛋白一起工作，通过切割病毒的DNA跟踪并杀死病毒。可知依据Charpentier对化脓性链球菌的探讨，tracrRNA与Cas9蛋白一起裂解病毒的DNA。故答案为D。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“DuringCharpentier'sstudiesofStreptococcuspyogenes,oneofthebacteriathatcausethemostharmtohumans,shediscoveredapreviouslyunknownmolecule(分子），tracrRNA.”在贝纳的酿脓链球菌的探讨,最损害的细菌导致人类,她发觉了一种以前未知的分子(分子),tracrRNA。和文章其次段“CharpentierpublishedherdiscoveryinNaturein2011anddescribedhowtracrRNAworkswiththeCas9protein(蛋白质）tofollowandkillvirusesbycuttinguptheirDNA.”贝纳在2011年发表了她在自然界中发觉和描述tracrRNA如何与Cas9蛋白质(蛋白质)遵循和杀死病毒通过削减他们的DNA。以及文章的第三段“Theninthatsameyear,CharpentierbegantocooperatewithDoudna,anexperiencedbiochemistinRNA.”同年，Charpentier起先与RNA方面阅历丰富的生化学家Doudna合作。第三段“Together,theysucceededinrecreatingthebacteria'sgeneticscissorsinatesttubeandsimplifyingthescissors'molecularcomponentssotheywereeasiertouse.Theythenreprogrammedthegeneticscissors.”他们一起成功地在试管中重新创建了细菌的基因剪刀，并简化了剪刀的分子成分，使它们更简洁运用。然后他们重新编程了基因剪刀。可知正确的依次为c-b-a-d-e。故选D。【6题详解】主旨大意题。依据文章最终一段“SincetheCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissorswerediscoveredin2012,theirusehasexplodedthoughthereareconcernsthatthetechnologycouldbemisused.Thistoolhascontributedtomanyimportantdiscoveriesinbasicresearch,andplantresearchershavebeenabletodevelopcropsthatwithstandmould,pestsanddrought.Inmedicine,clinicaltrialsofnewcancertherapiesareunderway,andthedreamofbeingabletocureinheriteddiseasesisabouttocometrue.”自2012年CRISPR/Cas9基因剪刀被发觉以来，它们的运用出现了爆炸式增长，尽管有人担忧这项技术可能会被滥用。这种工具为基础探讨的很多重要发觉做出了贡献，植物探讨人员已经能够培育出抗霉菌、害虫和干旱的作物。在医学方面，新的癌症疗法的临床试验正在进行中，能够治愈遗传疾病的幻想即将实现。可知本段主要讲解的是基因剪刀的广泛运用。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。依据文章第一段“TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024totwowomenscientists,CharpentierandDoudna,“forthedevelopmentofamethodforgeneediting”瑞典皇家科学院(RoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences)将2024年诺贝尔化学奖授予了两位女科学家夏庞蒂耶(Charpentier)和杜德纳(Doudna)，以表彰他们开发了一种基因编辑方法，以及其次段“Thediscoveryofthesegeneticscissorswasunexpected.”这些基因剪刀的发觉出乎意料。主要讲解基因剪刀是如何发觉的。以及文章第三段“Theninthatsameyear,CharpentierbegantocooperatewithDoudna,anexperiencedbiochemistinRNA.Together,theysucceededinrecreatingthebacteria'sgeneticscissorsinatesttubeandsimplifyingthescissors'molecularcomponentssotheywereeasiertouse”同年，Charpentier起先与RNA方面阅历丰富的生化学家Doudna合作。他们一起成功地在试管中重新创建了细菌的基因剪刀，并简化了剪刀的分子成分，使它们更简洁运用。和最终一段主要讲解的是基因剪刀的广泛应用。可知文章的标题是“基因剪刀:一种重写生命密码的工具。”故选B。CInthisfunny,wiseandheartfeelbook,ConfessionsofaBadMother:theTeenageYears,StephanieCalmancoversthelivesofhertwochildrenfromwhentheywereeightandseventowhenthey're20and19andhavebothgoneofftocollege.Luckily,whateveragetheyare,Calmanwritesaboutparenthoodwiththesamewinningmixoffondnessandtrouble.Butonthewhole,Calmangoesforthethecomedyaspectsofparenthood,andthebookisfullofgreatjokes.Butitalsohasitsmorereflectiveside,assheconsidersthewholestrangebusinessoffamilylife-sometimeswithatouchofsadness.Here,though,isastatementstraightfromtheheartofherchildren'searlyteenageyears...It'stheseeminglysmallerchangesthatcanbethemostpainful,likewhentheycomebackfromastaywithfriendsandyourushtohugthem.Andtheytakeastepback.Thenthere'stheextremeself-consciousnessyougetatthisstage;suddenly,everythingyousayisunconvincing,stupidandwrong.Meanwhile,yourteenagersneeddesperatelytobepraised,butthrowitbackinyourface.Butyoumustpersist.Thisisnoteasy.Forexample,whenLawrenceorLydiacamehomewithapicture,weusedtosay:"OHWOW!WHATALOVELYPICTURE!LETISPUTITRIGHTUPHEREONTHEWALL!EVERYONE,COMEANDLOOKATTHIS!"Nowwhentheydosomethingimpressive,suchaspassinganexam,wemustnotsoundTooPleased.Normustwehugthemandcoverthemwithproud,delightedkisses.＂Oh,that'sgood,welldone!”isaboutright,thoughonsecondthoughtsImightlosethem"!".8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStephanieCalman'sfeelingstoparenthood?A.Proudbutconfused.B.Positivebutdisappointed.C.Lovingbutannoyed.D.Pleasedbutunconcerned.9.Whydoteenagersrefusetobehuggedbytheirparents?A.Theyareextremelyself-conscious.B.Theythinktheirparentsarestupid.C.Theywouldliketobeappreciated.D.Theyareinfluencedbythefriends.10.What.doesCalmanmeanwhenshesaidonsecondthoughtsImightlosethemA.Sheshouldpraiseherchildrencalmlyandquietly.B.Sheshouldthinktwicebeforepraisingherchildren.C.Herchildrenmightloseheartiftheyarenotpraised.D.Herchildrenmightfeelproudiftheyarepraised.11.Inwritingthepassage,theauthoraimsto_____.A.rememberawriterB.explainagrowingphenomenonC.introduceabookD.recommendachild-raisingway【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章着重对一本名为《一个坏母亲的自白——青春期》的书进行了介绍，并对其中的相关内容进行了简要描述。【详解】1.细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句“Luckily,whateveragetheyare,Calmanwritesaboutparenthoodwiththesamewinningmixoffondnessandtrouble.”（幸运的是，不管他们多大年纪，卡尔曼在描写为人父母的过程中，都同样成功地将宠爱与苦恼交织在一起。）可知，父母既是爱着孩子的，但也有苦恼愤怒的时候，故选C。2.细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Thenthere'stheextremeself-consciousnessyougetatthisstage;suddenly,everythingyousayisunconvincing,stupidandwrong.”（然后呢在这个阶段你会有一种极端的自我意识；突然间，你所说的一切都是不行信的、愚蠢的和错误的）可知，孩子们在这段时间的自我意识会增加，继而感到难为情而不情愿与父母拥抱，故选A。3.词句揣测题。依据倒其次段“Nowwhentheydosomethingimpressive,suchaspassinganexam,wemustnotsoundTooPleased.Normustwehugthemandcoverthemwithproud,delightedkisses.”（现在，当他们做了一些令人印象深刻的事情，比如通过考试，我们不能听起来太兴奋。我们也不应当拥抱亲吻他们）可知，父母应用更加冷静与平和的语气夸赞自己的孩子。但这不意味着不要夸奖孩子，故选A。4.推理推断题。依据第一段“Inthisfunny,wiseandheartfeelbook,ConfessionsofaBadMother:theTeenageYears,StephanieCalmancoversthelivesofhertwochildrenfromwhentheywereeightandseventowhenthey're20and19andhavebothgoneofftocollege.”（在这本好玩、睿智、感人的书《坏妈妈的自白——青春期》中，斯蒂芬妮·卡尔曼讲解并描述了她的两个孩子从8岁和7岁到20岁和19岁的生活，他们都已经上了高校。）和全文的内容都与书本有关可知，作者的目的是要介绍这本书。故选C。DIfapresidentandaphilosophercreditedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess.wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Whatifthesecretwassomethingyoualreadyknewhowtodo?Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.Here'swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth."ThomasJefferson:“Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.”It'snotjustthetwogreatmindswhomadeacaseforitasaprimecreativitybooster.Researchershavetracednumerousconnectionsbetweenwalkingandgeneratingideas.AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantswere81percentmorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.You'veprobablyheardthephraseExerciseyourcreativity,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindsetistriggeredbyphysicalmovement,whichisexactlywhywalking-withyourdog,afriend,oralone-feedscreativethinking.Butthesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.TheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurveyrevealsthatAmericansspend87percentoftheirtimeindoors.Beinginside,youwillbelessenergetic.Withoutenergy,youcan'twonderorcreate.Interruptingyourroutinewithawalkcanaffordyoufreshinsightsintoproblemsorprojects.Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.Whenyoucanwalkthroughatree-filledneighborhoodordownabusystreet,youcan'thelpbutgetdistractedbythechildpointingtoabuildingyouhaven'tevennoticedbeforeOurbrainsworkhardertoprocessindifferentenvironments,sowalkingoutsidefostersourabilitytagleanhewideas.Researchhasshownthatimmersion(沉醉）innature,andthecorrespondingdisconnectionfrommultimediaandtechnology,increasedperformanceonacreativeproblem-solvingtaskbyafull50percentinagroupofhikers.Soinsteadofsettingafitnessgoal,whynotsetacreativitygoalthatstartswithwalking?Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundings.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove,thewaythesunreflectsinapond.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thesecret"inParagraphIreferto?A.Routine.B.Walking.C.Exercise.D.Habit.13.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Beinginsidewillmakeyougetnowhereincreativity.B.Walkingoutsideopensyourmindtonewpossibilities.C.Freshinsightsintoproblemsareguaranteedbywalking.D.Stayingoutsidehelpsyouconcentrateonyourproblem.14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestcontributestocreativity?A.Wanderinginapark.B.SurfingtheInternet.C.Sleepinginaroom.D.Chattingwithafriend.15.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Walkingfeedscreativethinking.B.Walkingbuildsuppeople'shealth.C.Creativethinkingisthekeytosuccess.D.Creativethinkingstartswithacreativegoal.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲解并描述了走路对于创建力的激发与思维的发散所具有的重大意义。【12题详解】词义揣测题。依据文章第一段“Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.Here'swhatFriedrichNietzschewrote:Itisonlyideasgainedfromwalkingthathaveanyworth."ThomasJefferson:Walkingisthebestpossibleexercise.”事实上，你可能每天都在这样做。弗里德里希·尼采(FriedrichNietzsche)曾写道:只有从闲逛中获得的思想才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊:闲逛是最好的运动。可知“thesecret”指的是走路。故答案为B。【13题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第三段“Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.Whenyoucanwalkthroughatree-filledneighborhoodordownabusystreet,youcan'thelpbutgetdistractedbythechildpointingtoabuildingyouhaven'tevennoticedbefore”只要走出去，你就走出了习惯的环境和舒适区，假如你想敞快乐胸接受新的可能性，这是必要的。当你穿过树木茂密的街区或繁忙的街道时，孩子指着一座你从未留意过的建筑时，你会不由自主地将留意力转移到这座建筑上来。由此推断出走出去，你会发觉新的可能性。故选B。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第四段“Ourbrainsworkhardertoprocessindifferentenvironments,sowalkingoutsidefostersourabilitytagleanhewideas.Researchhasshownthatimmersion(沉醉）innature,andthecorrespondingdisconnectionfrommultimediaandtechnology,increasedperformanceonacreativeproblem-solvingtaskbyafull50percentinagroupofhikers.”我们的大脑更努力地在不同的环境中处理问题，所以外出闲逛能培育我们收集新想法的实力。探讨表明，一组徒步旅行者沉醉在大自然中，并与多媒体和科技断绝联系，可以使他们在创建性解决问题任务上的表现提高50%。可知在公园里闲逛最能促进创建力。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其事实依据文章最终一段“Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove,thewaythesunreflectsinapond.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.”关掉你的手机，让自己有机会活在这个世界上，倾听对话和自然的声音，留意人们移动的方式，太阳反射在池塘里的方式。走路不只是为了熬炼。走路会创建奇迹。所以短文的主要是关于闲逛可以培育创建性思维。故选A。其次节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Wehavesomewaystomakeiteasiertogetmotivatednowandthen.Butwhataboutmaintainingmotivationoverthelong-run?___16___Imagineyouareplayingtennis.Ifyoutrytoplayaseriousmatchagainstafour-year-old,youwillquicklybecomebored.Thematchistooeasy.ifyoutrytoplayaseriousmatchagainstaprofessionaltennisplayerlikeSerenaWilliams,youwillfindyourselflosingmotivationforadifferentreason.___17___Comparetheseexperiencestoplayingtennisagainstsomeonewhoisyourequal.Asthegameprogresses,youwinafewpointsandyouloseafewpoints.___18___Yourfocusnarrowsandyoufindyourselffullyabsorbedinthetaskathand.Thechallengeyouarefacingis＂justmanageable."Victoryisnotguaranteed,butitispossible.Taskslikethese,sciencehasfound,arethemostlikelytokeepusmotivatedinthelongterm.Humanbeingslovechallenges,butonlyiftheyarewithinthemostsuitablezoneofdifficulty.___19___Tasksthataresignificantlybeyondyourcurrentabilitiesarediscouraging.Buttasksthatarerightontheborderofsuccessandfailureareunbelievablymotivatingtoourhumanbrains.Wewantnothingmorethantomasteraskilljustbeyondourcurrenthorizon.___20___TheGoldilocksRulestatesthathumansexperiencepeakmotivationwhenworkingontasksthatarerightontheedgeoftheircurrentabilities.Nottoohard.Nottooeasy.Justright.Applyingthisrule,youaresuretomaintainlong-termmotivation.A.Thematchistoodifficult.B.Howcanyoustaymotivatedforgood?C.Howcanyoumanagetocarryoutatask?D.WecancallthisphenomenonTheGoldilocksRule.E.WecanuseTheGoldilocksRuletocompletetasks.F.Tasksthataresignificantlybelowyourcurrentabilitiesareboring.G.Youhaveachanceofwinningthematch,butonlyifyoureallytry.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.F20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了一种效应，即人们只有面对和自己实力相近的难度的事情才会产生最强大的动机，难度过高过低都没有足够的动机。【详解】1.前文“Butwhataboutmaintainingmotivationoverthelong-run”（但是如何长期保持动力呢）提出了如何使得人们维持动机的问题，选项中只有B在顺承前句，接着提出如何保持主动性的问题。故选B。2.前文“Ifyoutrytoplayaseriousmatchagainstafour-year-old,youwillquicklybecomebored.Thematchistooeasy.”（假如你想和一个四岁的孩子进行一场肃穆的竞赛，你很快就会感到厌烦。这场竞赛太简洁了。）可知，当对手为孩子的时候由于难度太低而没有动机，那么“ifyoutrytoplayaseriousmatchagainstaprofessionaltennisplayerlikeSerenaWilliams,youwillfindyourselflosingmotivationforadifferentreason.”（假如你试图与像塞雷娜·威廉姆斯这样的职业网球运动员进行一场肃穆的竞赛，你会发觉自己因为另一个缘由失去动力。）其中的另一个缘由就是对手强大，竞赛难度过高。故选A。3.前文“Asthegameprogresses,youwinafewpointsandyouloseafewpoints.”（随着嬉戏的进展，你会赢得一些分数，也会失去一些分数。）在假设一种势均力敌的状态，你的分数有得有失，成功不能保证，但是有可能，只有G选项符合这个语境。故选G。4.前文“Humanbeingslovechallenges,butonlyiftheyarewithinthemostsuitablezoneofdifficulty.”（人类宠爱挑战，但只有当它们处于最适合的困难范围内时才会如此。）当中说困难应当在合适的范围内，后文“Tasksthataresignificantlybeyondyourcurrentabilitiesarediscouraging.”（远远超出你目前实力的任务会让你泄气。），所以空格中就应当说的是难度过于简洁也会有同样的效应。故选F。5.前文作者已经论述完了这种效应，最终一段确定是总结性质，以及空格后出现TheGoldilocksRule的介绍。故选D。第三部分语言学问运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whilewashingdishes,Isometimeslookintothekitchenwindowofourneighbour'shouse.Ourkitchenisalways___21___butourneighbors,twoyoungmenwhomIonlyknowinpassing,neverseemtotumontheirlight.OnceasIwaswashingapples,myeyes___22___shadowgavewaytoshape.ThenI___23___them-headbent,pouringthepickle(腌菜）juicefromanemptyjar.OnthefirstSaturdayoftheCOVID-19lockdown,Iwantedtobeagood___24___them.Thepandemic(大流行病）seemedtobegettingworse.I___25___whattheweeksandmonthsaheadmightlooklike.Ourfamilyhavebeentryingtotaketheideaof'lovethyneighbour"___26___,andsometimesthatdoesliterallymeanthepersonlivingnextdoor,___27___you'veonlymetthemfromthekitchenwindow.SoImadeasignreading“Haveaniceday!”andstuckitonmykitchenwindow.Awhilelater,asignappearedontheirwindowwitha___28___forus."Thankyou,Youtoo!”WewentonlikethisforafewdaysandIthoughtofhowthiswouldbeanicestoryforusall:___29___bysignsandmovingfromstrangerstogoodfriends..___30___aroundDay5,IpastedalineofaMaryOliverpoem,andthatwasthe___31___ofthat.MaybeIwasshowingoff,soIstopped.However,aweeklater,whenIwentouttoquietouryellingdog,Isawoneoftheguys.“Sorry,wedidn'tfinda___32___，＂hesaid."Wemeantto,"headded,"Andthenwenever___33___.”“That'sokay,"Ireplied.Andwebothwentbackinside.Itisso___34___tobeagoodneighbournow.Wecan't___35___andknockonadoor,orevenlendthings.Afterthisisallover,IhavedecidedIwillinviteallourneighborsoverfordinner.Ican'tbeaneighbournow.but|canbeaneighbourthen.Thepandemicwillhaveknittedustogetherlikeanoldwornsockandwe'llstaythatway.21.A.clearedup B.litup C.takenup D.fixedup22.A.adjusted B.glared C.ached D.closed23.A.admired B.envied C.called D.saw24.A.guide B.doctor C.assistant D.neighbour25.A.worried B.doubted C.asked D.found26.A.normally B.seriously C.lightly D.carefully27.A.asthough B.sothat C.evenif D.incase28.A.proposal B.letter C.gift D.message29.A.communicating B.writing C.congratulating D.discussing30.A.Everywhere B.Anywhere C.Somewhere D.Nowhere31.A.puzzle B.end C.result D.cause32.A.poem B.passage C.motto D.proverb33.A.tried B.needed C.did D.wrote34.A.lucky B.interesting C.annoying D.hard35.A.cutin B.showup C.lookout D.holdon【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲了疫情期间两位邻居相互用写标牌沟通的故事。【详解】1.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的厨房总是亮着灯，但我们的邻居，我只是打过照面的两个年轻人，好像从不开灯。A.clearedup清理；B.litup点亮；C.takenup占据；D.fixedup修理，解决。依据后面的转折说但是邻居家的厨房的灯始终不亮可知，这里是虽然我家的厨房总是亮着灯，因此是litup，和turnontheirlight对应。故选B。2.考查动词辨析。句意：有一次我洗苹果的时候，我的眼睛调整了视线。A.adjusted调整；B.glared怒目而视；C.ached难受；D.closed关闭。依据以前邻居家厨房灯都不亮，但突然有了光，我调整一下自己的视线，定睛看到了一个男生的轮廓，这里表示调整视线，用adjusted。故选A。3.考查动词辨析。句意：然后我看到他们低着头，从空罐子里倒泡菜汁。A.admired敬佩；B.envied嫉妒；C.called称呼；D.saw望见。依据后面说低着头在腌泡菜可知，这里是望见了邻居他们，因此是saw。故选D。4.考查名词辨析。句意：在COVID-19封锁的第一个周六，我想和他们成为好邻居。A.guide指导；B.doctor医生；C.assistant助手；D.neighbour邻居。依据“butourneighbors”可知，前面已经表明他们是邻居关系，因此是我希望在疫情期间做个好邻居。故选D。5.考查动词辨析。句意：我担忧将来几周或几个月的状况。A.worried担忧；B.doubted怀疑；C.asked询问；D.found发觉。依据这里的“lockdown”以及“gettingworse”可知，状况不容乐观，因此我是担忧接下来的状况。故选A。6.考查副词辨析。句意：我们家始终试图细致对待“爱你的邻居”这一理念，有时这的确指的是住在隔壁的人，即使你只是从厨房的窗户里见过他们。A.normally正常地；B.seriously细致地；C.lightly轻轻地；D.carefully细致地。固定搭配takesthseriously表示“把某事当真，对某事很细致”，依据前面说“我”想做个好邻居可知，这里是“我”是细致的，故选B。7.考查连词短语辨析。句意：我们家始终试图细致对待“爱你的邻居”这一理念，有时这的确指的是住在隔壁的人，即使你只是从厨房的窗户里见过他们。A.asthough好像；B.sothat以至于；C.evenif即使；D.incase万一。依据前后句的句意可知，这里是让步关系，即使你只能每天通过厨房的窗户看到对方，但是邻居字面上的确表示住在隔壁的人。故选C。8.考查名词辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他们的窗户上出现了一块牌子，上面写着给给我们的信息。A.proposal提议；B.letter信；C.gift礼物；D.message信息。依据“"Thankyou,Youtoo!””，可知，这是传达给我们的信息，故选D。9.考查动词辨析。句意：我们就这样过了几天，我在想，用手势沟通，从生疏人变成好挚友，对我们大家来说，这确定是个不错的故事。Amunicating沟通；B.writing写；C.congratulating庆贺；D.discussing探讨。依据“bysignsandmovingfromstrangerstogoodfriends”可知，这里是疫情期间必需隔离，且前文提到了他们用手势传递信息可知，这里是用sign沟通，故选A。10.考查副词辨析。句意：也许在第五天的时候，我贴了玛丽·奥利弗的一行诗，沟通就这样结束了。A.Everywhere到处；B.Anywhere任何地方；C.Somewhere某地；D.Nowhere没有地方。固定搭配somewherearound表示“大约……”，这里是表示大约第五天的时候，给选C。11.考查名词辨析。句意：也许在第五天的时候，我贴了玛丽·奥利弗的诗一行，沟通就这样结束了。A.puzzle怀疑；B.end结束；C.result结果；D.cause缘由。依据后面的stopped，以及邻居说明了没有再写sign的缘由可知，这里是结束。故选B。12.考查名词辨析。句意：对不起，我们没有找到诗。A.poem诗歌；B.passage文章；C.motto箴言；D.proverb谚语。依据作者是选了一句诗，邻居没有回复可知，这里是他没能找到一首回应的诗，因此是poem。故选A。13.考查动词辨析。句意：我们根本找不到这首诗。A.tried尝试；B.needed须要；C.did做；D.wrote写。这里是省略句，Butweneverfoundapoem，用did来代