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定语从句定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定语从句。一、英语中的定语从句的位置。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后。如：Theman（先行词）
who/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterday（定语从句）ismyEnglishteacher.昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：Iamwaitingfor
theboy
（先行词）
who/that
（关系代词）iswearingaredcoat.（主语）我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。Thedictionary
（先行词）
that/which（关系代词）mysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.（宾语）我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。Thewomanis
hismother
（先行词）
whose
（关系代词）nameisLindaBrown.(定语)那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。Thatis
thehouse
（先行词）
where
（关系副词）myfatherusedtolive.(状语)那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。1.who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：YesterdayIhelpedanoldman
who/that
losthisway.（主语）昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。MrWangistheman
(who/that/whom)
youmetinthezoothismorning.（宾语）王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。2.whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。Theboy
whose
motherisillisstayingathometolookafterhertoday.他母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。Ihaveastorybook
whose
coverisred.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。3.which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：Footballisagame
which/that
islikedbymostboys.（主语）足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。Idon’tbelievethenews
which/that
Tomwonthegame.（宾语）我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。四、关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。Thatistheplace
inwhich
Ilivedforfiveyears.=Thatistheplace
which/that
Ilivedinforfiveyears.那就是我住过五年的地方。MrZhangistheman
forwhom
Iamlooking.=MrZhangistheman
who/whom/that
Iamlookingfor.张先生就是我正在找的那个人。五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。1.先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
如：Theschool
that/which
Iusedtostudyinisbecomingbetterandbetter.（theschool作了介词in的宾语。）我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where.
如：Theplace
where
theaccidenthappenedisn’tfarfromourschool.事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而theaccident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。)2.只用that，不用which的情况。（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：Thisisthetenthgift
that
Ireceivedformybirthday.这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：Thatisthemostexcitinggame
that
Ihaveeverwatched.那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。（3）先行词是all,little,few,something,anything,everything等不定代词时。如：All
that
hetoldmeistrue.他告诉我的一切是真实的。（4）先行词被theonly修饰时。如：Theonlything
that
Icangetisapen.我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings
that
wewereinterestedin.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。3.只用which，不用that的情况。（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：Thething
aboutwhich
theteacheristalkingisveryimportant.老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。（2）先行词本身是that,those时，如：What’sthat
which
isflyinginthesky?在天空中飞的那是什么？
练习答案
1.
A
magnetic
field
may
be
represented
in
______
manner
______
an
electric
field.
A.such…as
B.
the
same
…
as
C.
such
…
that
D.
the
same
…
which2.
We’ve
all
heard
of
Thomas
Edison,
______
invented
the
electric
light
and
many
other
things.
A.
the
man
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
a
man
who
3.
He
talked
about
the
classmates
and
the
school
____
he
had
visited.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
about
which
4.
You
have
seen
the
girl
____
sister
is
a
Chinese
teacher.
A.
whom
B.
of
whom
C.
whose
D.
of
which
5.
We
should
do
all
____
is
useful
to
people.
A.
/
B.
that
C.
it
D.
which
6.
We
came
to
a
place
____
they
had
never
paid
a
visit
before.
A.
which
B.
in
which
C.
on
which
D.
to
which
7.
Those
____
finished
doing
it
put
up
your
hands.
A.
who
have
B.
who
has
C.
which
have
D.
have
8.
The
man
____
was
a
friend
of
mine.
A.
that
you
just
talked
toB.
whom
you
just
talked
to
him
C.
who
you
just
talked
to
himD.
which
you
just
talked
to
9.
I
went
to
the
school
____
my
father
once
worked.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
on
which
10.
I
shall
never
forget
those
years
________
I
lived
in
the
country
with
the
farmers,
_________has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
A.
that;
which
B.
when;
which
C.
which;
that
D.
when;
who11.
The
weather
turned
out
to
be
very
good,
_______was
more
than
we
could
expect.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
that
D.
it
12.
Carol
said
the
work
would
be
done
by
October,
___personally
I
doubt
very
much.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
when
D.
which
13.
Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play,
_____,
of
course,
made
the
others
unhappy.A.
who
B.
which
C.
this
D.
what
14.
_________is
known
to
all,
Chinawill
be
an
_________powerful
country
in
20
or
30
years'
time.A.
That;
advancing
B.
This;
advanced
C.
As;
advanced
D.
It;
advancing
15._________is
mentioned
above,
the
number
of
the
students
in
senior
schools
is
increasing.
A.
Which
B.
As
C
.That
D.
It
16._________is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
17.
It
was
an
exciting
moment
for
these
football
fans
this
year,
_________for
the
first
time
in
years
their
team
won
the
World
Cup.
A.
that
B.
while
C.
which
D.
when
18.
Have
you
seen
the
film
"Titanic",
________
leading
actor
is
world
famous?
A.
its
B.
it's
C.
whose
D.
which
19.
We
will
be
shown
around
the
city:
schools,
museums,
and
some
other
places,
_________
other
visitors
seldom
go.A.
what
B.
which
C.
where
D.
when
20.
The
famous
basketball
star,
_______tried
to
make
a
comeback,
attracted
a
lot
of
attention.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
which
D.
who
21.
In
the
office
I
never
seem
to
have
time
until
after
5:30
p.m.,
_________many
people
have
got
home.
A.
whose
time
B.
that
C.
on
which
D.
by
which
time
22.
Recently
I
bought
an
ancient
Chinese
vase,
_________
was
very
reasonable.
A.
which
price
B.
the
price
of
whichC.
its
price
D.
the
price
of
whose
23.
I
shall
never
forget
those
years
_________I
lived
in
the
country
with
the
farmers,
________
has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
A.
that;
which
B.
when;
which
C.
which;
that
D.
when;
who
24.
After
living
in
Paris
for
fifty
years,
he
returned
to
the
small
town
_______
he
grew
up
as
a
child.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
that
D.
when
25.
The
film
brought
the
hours
back
to
me
________
I
was
taken
good
care
of
in
that
far-away
village.
A.
until
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
26.
He's
got
himself
into
a
dangerous
situation
_________he
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
while
D.
why
27.-Did
you
remember
to
give
Mary
the
money
you
owed
her?
-Yes.
I
gave
it
to
her
_________I
saw
her.A.
while
B.
the
moment
C.
suddenly
D.
once
28.
Is
this
the
reason
_________
at
the
meeting
for
his
carelessness
in
his
work?
A.
he
explained
B.
what
he
explained
C.
how
he
explained
D.
why
he
explained
29.
I
shall
remember
the
day
______
we
met
first.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
when
30.
Can
you
lend
me
the
dictionary
______
the
other
day?A.
about
that
you
talked
B.
That
you
talked
C.
which
you
talked
D.
that
you
talked
about
31.
The
book
______
isn’t
in
the
library.
A.
what
I
need
B.
I
need
C.
that
I
need
it
D.
which
I
need
it
32.
It
was
raining,
______
was
a
pity.A.
what
B.
which
C.
that
D.
it
33.
He
studied
hard
at
school
when
he
was
young
,
____
contributes
to
his
success
in
latter
lifeA.as
B.
therefore
C.
which
D.
so
that
34.
The
size
of
the
audience,
______
we
had
expected,
was
well
over
one
thousand.
A.
whom
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
35.
One
of
the
most
beautiful
natural
wonders
in
the
United
Statesis
the
Grand
Canyon,
_____
located
in
northwestern
Arizona.
A.
and
B.
where
C.
is
D.
which
is
36.
Do
you
know
the
worker
______?
A.
whom
I
often
talk
B.
with
who
I
often
talkC
I
often
talk
with
D.
that
I
often
talk
37.
Electric
current
can
produce
heat
______
we
can
weld
metals.
A.
which
B.
in
which
C.
by
means
of
which
D.
what
38.
Heat
has
many
effects,
______
we
are
familiar
with
through
everyday
experience.
A.
most
of
which
B.
in
which
C.
that
D.
that
39.Ultra-onic
sound
is
______
is
inaudible
to
human
ear.
A.
such
as
B.
the
same
as
C.
which
D.
that
40.
Diesel
engines
are
generally
used
for
heavy-duty
work
______
the
weight
and
size
of
the
engine
are
not
important.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
where
D.
that
41.
The
bridge
____
a
big
ship
can
go
has
been
built.
A.
under
which
B.
under
that
C.
in
which
D.
on
which
42.
The
book
____
is
torn
is
mine.
A.
the
cover
of
which
B.
the
cover
of
that
C.
which
the
cover
D.
whose
cover
of
参考答案1-5
BABCB
6-10
DAACB
11-15
ADBCA
16-20
BDCCD21-25
DDBBC
26-30
ADDDD
31-35
BBCCD
36-40
CCAAB
41-42
AA
1.B
such
...as结构,
或
the
same
....as结构，such
as
强调事物，the
same
as强调相似性。2.A非限定性定语从句先行语，Thomas
Edison,
放入从句为Thomas
Edison
invented
the
electric
light
and
many
other
things,
先行词在从句中作主语，
先行词指人，只能用who。
限定性定语从句，先行词为the
man或a
man,
放入从句时在从句中也作主语，先行词指人在从句中作主语，引导词可以用who/that.
the
man特指，强调只有他一个人，a
man泛指，侧重于表示他只是其中之一。3.B先行词为the
classmates
and
the
school，
从句为he
had
visited,
二者构成的完整句为He
had
visited
the
classmates
and
the
school.
所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。
因此，答案为B4.C此句先行词为the
girl，定语从句为sister
is
a
Chinese
teacher，二者构成的完整句为The
girl's
sister
is
a
Chinese
teacher.
先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。5.B此句中先行词all为不定代词，从句为is
useful
to
people，从句缺主语，
二者构成的完整句为All
is
useful
to
people.为了便于理解，All
=All
the
things/
everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything
is
useful
to
people;
或All
the
things
are
useful
to
people.6.D考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a
place,
从句为they
had
never
paid
a
visit
before,
二者构成的完整句为They
had
never
paid
a
visit
to
the
place
before.
7.A此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those
students/clerks,
finished
diong
it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who,
引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。8.A此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当，
先行词指人。9.C此句先行词the
school,
定语从句my
father
once
worked,二者构成的完整句o为My
father
once
worked
in
the
school.
in
the
school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示,
也可以用随意性关系引导词in
which表示。10.B前一定语从句的完整句为I
lived
in
the
country
with
the
farmers
those
years.
先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句转为The
experience
has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
The
experience=
I
lived
in
the
country
with
the
farmers
those
years。11.A考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为This
natural
phenomenan
was
more
than
we
could
expect.This
natural
phenomenan=
The
weather
turned
out
to
be
very
good.
12.D
非限定性定语从句的完整句为Personally
I
doubt
that
the
work
would
be
done
by
October
very
much.
13.B
非限定性定语从句完整句为It
made
the
others
unhappy
that
Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play.
It=Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play.
在从句中构成形式主语与真实主语关系。14.C
非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，只能用as引导，以职高方法理解，可以为固定表达结构的插入语来理解，as
is
known
to
all.
与动作趋向相关的分词形容词，ing分词表示动作正在进行或动作即将产生，ed分词表示动作已经结束，此句中advancing
country表示发展中国家，advanced
country表示发达国家.
15.A考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。综上所述的固定表达结构。
16.B固定表达结构或前置性非限定性定语从句引导词为As17.D解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词为the
exciting
moment
,
将先行词放入从句为For
the
first
time
in
the
years
their
team
won
the
world
cup
at
the
moment,
先行词放入从句为介词短语作时间状语，相关意思引导词，
固定关系引导词用时间关系引导词when,随意性关系引导词用at
which.
句中for
the
first
time
in
years为强词调结构。18.C先行词the
film，放入从句为The
leading
actor
of
the
film
is
world
famous,
先行词放入从句为of所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。19.C先行词为some
other
places,
放入从句为other
visitors
seldom
go
to
these
places,
先行词在从句中为相关意思引导词作地点状语，
固定关系引导词用地点关系引导词where,
随意性关系引导词用to
which.
本人认为用随意性关系引导词最好。20.D先行词为the
famous
basketball
star,
放入从句为the
basketball
star
tried
to
make
a
comeback.
先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指人。21.D先行词5:30pm,
放入从句为many
people
have
got
home
until/by
5:30pm。先行语相关意思在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引导词when,
随意性关系引导词until
which,
by
which.22.D
先行词the
ancient
Chinese
vase,
放入从句为The
ancient
Chinese
vase
was
very
reasonable,，先行词在从句中作主语，
相同意思引导词，先行词指物，引导词用which.
或the
price
of
the
Chinese
vase
was
very
reasonable,
先行词的of所有格在从句中作后置性定语，所属关系引导词结构用whose
price,
随意性关系引导词用the
price
of
which23.B前一空为限定性定语从句引导词，
后一空为非限定性定语从句，前一句先行词those
years,
放入从句为I
lived
in
the
country
with
the
farmers
those
years.
先行词在从句中作时间状语，相关意思引导词。
固定关系引导词用when.
后一空先行词为前一从句为整句先行词，可理解为那段时间的经历The
experience,
放入从句为the
experience
has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。24.B解析：限定性定语从句，先行词the
small
town
放入从句为he
grew
up
in
the
small
towm
as
a
child.
先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用where,
随意性关系引导词用in
which。25.C解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词the
hours,
放入从句为I
was
taken
good
care
of
in
that
far-away
village
during
the
hours.
先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引词用when，
随意性关系引导词用during
which.
26.A
解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词为a
dangerous
situation,
放入从句为He
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane
in
that
dangerous
situation.
先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，固定关系引导词用where,
随意性关系引导词用in
which,
随意性关系引导词最好。27.D
先行词放入从句为I
saw
her
at
the
moment.
先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，引导词用固定关系引导词when，引导词不同省略。while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须为延续性动词或状态，see为瞬间动作。28.D解析：限定性定语从句考点，
先行词为the
reason,
定语从句引导词为Why.29.D先行词the
day，
放入从句为We
met
first
on
the
day.
先行语短语结构在从句中作时间状语，
固定关系引导词用when,
随意性关系引导词用on
which30.D先行语the
dictionary,
放入从句为you
talked
about
the
dictionary
the
other
day.
先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语，
从句可用about
which
you
talkd
the
other
day
或which/
that/
省略引导词you
talked
about
the
other
day.31.B先行词the
book
放入从句为I
need
the
book.
先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词，先行词指物，
引导词可用which/that/
省略引导词。32.B先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这种情况this
situation,
放入为This
situation
was
a
pity,
先行词在从句中作主语，
相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。33.C先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这一经历this
experience
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