专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）解析版

1/40高考一轮复习知识清单专题40阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）解析版（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）目录一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情P1二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图P2三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练（片段式）10例P3四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（片段式）10例P6五、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（21篇）P8【名校模拟一：态度推断题】P8【名校模拟二：预测下段题】P13【名校模拟三：文体推断题】P18【名校模拟四：文章出处题】P22【名校模拟五：写作意图题】P26【名校模拟六：活动评价题】P30【名校模拟七：写作手法题】P35一、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计卷别细节理解题推理判断题推理判断题主旨大意题2024新课标I卷91412024新课标II卷91412023新课标I卷61712023新课标II卷61712022新课标I卷82412022新课标II卷82412024全国甲卷71612023全国甲卷81512023全国乙卷51812022全国甲卷81332022全国乙卷10131二、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图三、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练（片段式）【真题演练01】(2022新课标I卷第24题)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.24.B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。【真题演练02】(2022新课标I卷第28题)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.28.D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。【真题演练03】(2022新课标I卷第31题)WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.31.A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。【真题演练04】(2022新课标II卷第28题)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.28.A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。【真题演练05】(2022新课标II卷第35题)Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.35.C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。【真题演练06】(2022全国甲卷第35题)Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.35.A推理判断题根据倒数第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中Anthony的观点...afoundationbuiltonancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。【真题演练07】(2022全国乙卷第25题)Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.25.D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。【真题演练08】(2022全国乙卷第35题)Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.35.B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。【真题演练09】(2021新课标I卷第33题)Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.33.B。推理判断题。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。【真题演练10】(2021新课标I卷第33题)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.34.A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。四、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（片段式）【名校模拟01】Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform1.A。作者一是想读者说明这份报纸上指登载负面新闻，如凶杀行贿受贿、死亡等，二是字里行间留出作者的抱怨情绪，故选A。【名校模拟02】Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.Positive B.Critical C.Satisfied D.Indifferent2.A。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以作者对现在的世界是持一种批判的态度。【名校模拟03】Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsofourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.Satisfied D.Critical3.D。由最后一段的句子Frequentlythemodernmethodsaresocomplicatedthattheyfailtobeunderstoodbytheteachers,letalonethechildren;可知，作者认为现代的方式太复杂，以至于他们无法被老师理解，更不用说孩子们。因此推断作者对于现代教育方式持批判的态度。【名校模拟04】Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasbecomesmaller.It’snowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyincreasedbyforeignlanguageskills.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?A.Critical B.Prejudiced C.Indifferent. D.Positive4.D。根据文章第一段中And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationequipmentisgreatlyimprovedbyforeignlanguageskills.可以推测作者对高科技交流设备是持积极态度。【名校模拟05】(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案及解析】5.A。观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。【名校模拟06】Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.Itbringsusbalance.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyoga,younolongerjustpracticeityouliveit.Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneasanaorposetoanother…Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety...6.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?A.Yogabecomingpartofyourspirituallife.B.Yogabecomingpopularallovertheworld.C.Thedisadvantagesofyoga. D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.6.A。Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.文章第一句点名瑜伽三大好处；第二三段分别提及body,mind，最后一段应该谈论spirit。【名校模拟07】Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.7.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower. B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.7.D。根据文章第三段最后一句“Today，thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即“Theglobaltrend(趋势)towardsproducingpowerfromwind.”。因此D项正确。【名校模拟08】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.8.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportance D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem8.B。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或者简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,往往都是为了引出主题(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion)。【名校模拟09】Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.The

researcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandis

mostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthe

nearfuture.9.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.9.D。推理判断题。解析：本段关键字technology所以介绍科技类文章比较可能选自杂志，因此选择D.Amagazine.（当然本文综合全文更好。）【名校模拟10】Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.10.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics10.A。推理判断题。Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.让孩子们学会夸耀自己，所以选择Ahelpstudentsseetheirownstrengths（长处，优点。） 五、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（21篇）【名校模拟一：态度推断题】（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearinginfiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopatherapy(疗法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遗传的)deafness.It’scausedbymutations(变异)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,whichhelpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressinvideos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheirpatient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedtheresearchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatalltothelevelofmildhearingloss.”ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．TheresultofChen’stherapy. B．Theimpactofgenemutations.C．Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss. D．Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.2．Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?A．Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy. B．Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.C．Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos. D．Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.3．WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeafB．DeafChildren:AConcernofSocietyC．Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgeryD．InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A【导语】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要报道了中国一项小型研究，其中五个孩子在接受治疗后听力显著恢复。这些儿童患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋，研究团队通过手术向内耳输送了功能正常的基因副本，治疗后孩子们能进行正常对话。尽管仍有许多问题待解，如治疗效果的持久性等，但这项成果和其他研究一样，显示出恢复听力损失的积极前景。1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.(全球有3400万儿童患有耳聋或听力损失，高达60%的病例是由基因引起的。)”可知，第二段主要是对儿童耳聋情况的分析。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.(其中一个视频显示，一个小女孩在治疗13周后重复着父亲、母亲、祖母、姐姐和“我爱你”。他们不知道为什么治疗对其中一人无效。但其他五个人以前完全失聪，现在可以听到定期的对话并与他人交谈。)”及第五段“Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.(先前其他研究的结果也同样积极。)”可知，这两项研究的大多数参与者的共同点是他们对治疗有积极反应。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”(哥伦比亚大学的LawrenceLustig博士说：“尽管这些研究中的孩子们最终并没有获得完美的听力，但这些孩子即使是轻微的听力损失恢复也相当惊人。”不过，他补充道，“还有很多问题，比如治疗能持续多久，孩子们的听力是否会继续改善。”)”可知，LawrenceLustig对这个疗法的态度是客观的。故选B。4．主旨大意题。根据全文和第四段“ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.(陈的团队的治疗方法在手术中将该基因的功能拷贝传递到内耳。它没有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过基因治疗患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋的儿童。A项“基因治疗：聋人的希望”是最合适的标题。故选A。

（2024·重庆·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigitaltechnologycovereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearchcontinuestosuggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyoudon’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearcherssewedelectrodes(电极)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsastheywroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrainregions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnectionpatternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层).Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking. B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding. D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.7．Whathappensinthebrainwhentakingnotesbyhand?A．Visualsystemsarelackinginactivities. B．Somebrainareasarehighlyinvolved.C．Sensoryinformationisprocessedrapidly. D．Themotorcortexacceptsvisualinformation.8．WhatisSophiaVinci-Booher’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．A【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现手写比打字更加有助于记忆和学习，解释了背后的原因是手写笔记需要积极参与和处理信息。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.(现在科学家们终于找到了原因)”和第二段“Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.(挪威科技大学的奥黛丽·范德米尔和鲁德·范德韦尔的这项新研究是在2014年的一项基础研究的基础上进行的，该研究表明，用电脑做笔记的人是在不加思考地打字)”可知，新的研究是基于2014年研究的结果找寻背后的原因。故选C。6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit(但是当用手记笔记时，通常不可能把所有的东西都写下来;学生们必须积极地关注传入的信息，并对其进行处理)”以及后文“itandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.”可知，用手写方式记笔记通常不能记下所有的内容。学生需要对知识进行消化，然后记下要点。因此consolidate应该属于“处理”信息的过程，即过程是：先把信息优先排序，然后整合这些信息，并尝试将其与之前学过的知识联系起来。故划线词意思是“整合”。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrainregions.(当学生手写单词时，传感器检测到大脑许多区域的广泛连接)”可知，当用手写方式记笔记时，大脑多个区域相连接并产生活动。故选B。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”(范德比尔特大学教育脑科学助理教授索菲亚·文西-布尔说：“人们可能没有意识到，当他们通过书写或绘画将某件事具体化时，这加强了概念，并有助于它留在他们的记忆中。”)”可知，她认为此项研究证实了用手写方式记笔记可以强化所接收的观点，同时增强大脑对知识的记忆，即对新研究是支持态度。故选A。（2024·河南·模拟预测）LeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionizedthewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh’steamdidn’twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprov