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单元提升卷05Unit5WorkingtheLand单元基础知识巩固Ⅰ.核心单词1._______________________ n.不足;缺少;短缺2._______________________ vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理3._______________________ n.现实;实际情况;事实4._______________________ vt.使相信;使确信;说服5._______________________ n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得6._______________________ vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到7._______________________ vt.克服;解决;战胜8._______________________ adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的9._______________________ vt.产生;引起10._______________________ adj.完全必要的;极其重要的Ⅱ.拓展单词1.devotevt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→_______________________adj.专心的→_______________________n.献身,热爱2.deepadj.深的→_______________________n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)3.expandv.扩大;发展→_______________________n.扩大,发展4.conventionn.惯例;常规;习俗→_______________________adj.习惯的,传统的5.charactern.个性;品质;字符;人物→____________________n.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的6.estimatevt.估计→_______________________n.估算;估价7.consumev.消费→_______________________n.消费→_______________________n.消费者8.nutritionn.营养;滋养→___________________adj.有营养的→___________________adj.营养(物)的9.digestv.消化→_______________________n.消化;领悟10.entireadj.整个的;完全的;全部的→_____________________adv.完全地;全然地;整个地III.核心短语1._______________________把……用于;献身;致力;专心2._______________________ 包括;由……组成(或构成)

3._______________________ 在内心深处;本质上;实际上

4._______________________ 相应地;转而;依次;轮流

5._______________________ 例如;比如

6._______________________ 转向

7._______________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)

8._______________________ 扩大成/发展成为……

9._______________________通过不懈的努力10._______________________ 几乎相反,远非;远离

Ⅰ.核心单词1.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺2.tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理3.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实4.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服5.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得6.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到7.overe vt.克服;解决;战胜8.intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的9.generate vt.产生;引起10.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的Ⅱ.拓展单词1.devotevt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devotedadj.专心的→devotionn.献身,热爱2.deepadj.深的→depthn.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)3.expandv.扩大;发展→expansionn.扩大,发展4.conventionn.惯例;常规;习俗→conventionaladj.习惯的,传统的5.charactern.个性;品质;字符;人物→characteristicn.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的6.estimatevt.估计→estimationn.估算;估价7.consumev.消费→consumptionn.消费→consumern.消费者8.nutritionn.营养;滋养→nutritiousadj.有营养的→nutritionaladj.营养(物)的9.digestv.消化→digestionn.消化;领悟10.entireadj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirelyadv.完全地;全然地;整个地III.核心短语1.devote...to把……用于;献身;致力;专心2.beprisedof 包括;由……组成(或构成)

3.deepdown 在内心深处;本质上;实际上

4.inturn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流

5.forinstance 例如;比如

6.turnto 转向

7.keep...from... 使……免受(影响、伤害等)

8.expandinto... 扩大成/发展成为……

9.throughintenseeffort

通过不懈的努力10.farfrom 几乎相反,远非;远离

一、单句语法填空1.(essential),wearetalkingabouttheworldwarperiod.2.Thepany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoal(generate)power.3.Itisunwiseto(estimate)youropponent’sstrengthandintelligence.4.Thewastewaterfromthenearbyfactoryhastobe(chemical)treated.5.Peopletendtohaveapreferencefor(organic)grownvegetables.6.Agriculturecouldbeethegrowthengineforhungerreductionandpoverty(alleviate).7.SomedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeignsocialmedia(root)incultureandlanguage.8.Childrenwithpoornutritionaresupposedtoeatfoodrichinvitaminsand(mineral).9.ThereisagreatdemandforvolunteersinAfricabecausemanypeoplelivein(poor).10.Sofar,asurveyoftheBritishdiet(reveal)thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.11.We’relookingforaheadmaster,onewhowilldevotehimself(entire)tothecauseofeducation.12.Allhertimedevotedto(do)experiments,shehasnotimeforentertainment.13.Thepathextendedintothe(deep)oftheforest.14.Ifyouareinneedofan(extend)ofthedeadline,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.15.In(real),manywomenareforcedtomakeachoicebetweenfamilyandcareer.16.Peopleonlybeetrue(celebrity)whentheymaintainahighprofilebothintheirprofessionalandprivatelives.17.Althoughthefuel(consume)isgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.18.Eventhoughourearthisrichinwaterresource,thereisstilla(short)ofwaterinmanyplacesbecauseoceanwatercan’tbeuseddirectly.19.Theteacher’sselfless(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswellknown,andallherstudentsrespectandloveher.20.Theymighthelpreduceenergy(consume).21.Asshewrote,shecouldsmellthe(salt)air,hearthecrashingwavesandfeelthepullofthesandbeneathherfeet.22.After(graduate)fromcollege,hewenttotheUnitedStatesforfurtherstudy.23.It(estimate)thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.24.Iyieldedtemptationandhadachocolatebar.25.causedtheaccidenttohappenhasn’tbeenmadeclearyet.26.remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate.27.wesucceedorfaildependsonoureffortandperseverance.28.VisitorsgototheGettythinkingtheyarevisitingamuseumwithworksofartontheinside.theydiscoverinsteadisaworkofartwithamuseuminside.29.ItisnotclearMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.30.wecangetintouchwithhimisthemostimportant.1.Essentially【详解】考查副词。句意:本质上,我们正在谈论的是世界大战时期。空白处作状语,应使用副词。essential的副词形式是essentially,故填Essentially。2.togenerate【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这家名为新英格兰电力公司的公司通过烧煤发电。空处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,故填togenerate。3.underestimate【详解】考查动词和构词法。句意:低估你的对手的实力和智力是不明智的。“It’s+形容词+todo…”,因此,这里填动词原形。结合语境可知,这里的动词表示“低估”含义,“estimate”,动词,意为“估计”,应在“estimate”前加上前缀under(表示“不足,不够”),即“underestimate”,意为“低估”。故填underestimate。4.chemically【详解】考查副词。句意:附近工厂排出的废水必须经过化学处理。副词chemically,作状语修饰动词。故填chemically。5.organically【详解】考查副词。句意:人们倾向于偏爱有机蔬菜。副词organically作状语修饰形容词grown。故填organically。6.alleviation【详解】考查名词。句意:农业可以成为减少饥饿和减轻贫困的增长引擎。不可数名词alleviation作宾语。故填alleviation。7.arerooted【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意:中国和外国社交媒体之间的一些差异源于文化和语言。短语berootedin表示“源于”,句子陈述事实,用一般现在时,主语为differences,be动词使用are。故填arerooted。8.minerals【详解】考查名词的数。句意:营养不良的孩子应该吃富含维生素和矿物质的食物。空处作介词in的宾语。mineral意为“矿物质”,这里表示不止一种,且其前没有限定词修饰,所以应用名词复数,即在mineral后加s。故填minerals。9.poverty【详解】考查名词。句意:非洲对志愿者的需求很大,因为许多人生活在贫困中。分析句意再根据空格前的介词in可知,此处用提示词的名词形式poverty作介词in的宾语。故填poverty。10.hasrevealed【详解】考查时态。句意:到目前为止,一项关于英国饮食的调查显示,越来越多的人超重。根据Sofar可知,本句为现在完成时,主语asurveyoftheBritishdiet,谓语为hasrevealed。故填hasrevealed。11.entirely【详解】考查副词。句意:我们正在寻找一位校长,一个要完全致力于教育事业的人。设空处作状语修饰动词devote,用副词entirely,表示“完全地”。故填entirely。12.doing【详解】考查动名词。句意:由于她所有的时间都用于做实验,她没有时间娱乐。devoteone’stimetodoingsth.“把时间花在做某事上”,所以设空处应使用do“做”的动名词形式,作宾语。故填doing。13.depths【详解】考查名词。句意:小路一直延伸到森林深处。由设空处前后的“the...of”结构可知,设空处是中心词,应用名词形式。depth“最深处”,可数名词,常用复数形式,thedepthsoftheforest意为“森林深处”。故填depths。14.extension【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你需要延长截止日期,简单地向教授解释一下情况。根据设空处前面的an和后面的of可知此处应填名词,和of后面的名词形成所属关系。故填extension。15.reality【详解】考查名词。句意:在现实中,许多妇女被迫在家庭和事业之间做出选择。空格处用名词作宾语,real的名词是reality,意为“现实”,inreality是固定短语,意为“在现实中,实际上”,因此空格处是reality。故填reality。16.celebrities【详解】考查名词的复数。句意:只有在职业和私人生活中都保持高调的人才能成为真正的名人。由they可知,空格处用复数celebrities,故填celebrities。17.consumption【详解】考查名词的用法。句意:尽管在北半球消耗的燃料更多,那里的温度似乎却在下降。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要一个名词作主语,consume是动词,需要转换成名词形式。consumption是consume的名词形式,意为“消耗”,符合句意。故填consumption。18.shortage【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管我们的地球水资源丰富,但在许多地方仍然缺水,因为海水不能直接使用。a后跟可数名词的单数形式,short的名词是shortage,意为“短缺”,作主语,ashortageof(缺乏)。故填shortage。19.devotion【详解】考查名词。句意:这位老师对教育事业的无私奉献众所周知,她所有的学生都尊敬和爱戴她。selfless是形容词,空格处需填名词,作句子主语,devote是动词,其名词形式是devotion,意为“奉献”,符合句意。故填devotion。20.consumption【详解】考查名词。句意:他们可能会帮助减少能源消耗。根据空前的动词reduce可知设空处与名词energy构成名词短语,作动词reduce的宾语,energyconsumption表示“能源消耗”,故填名词consumption。21.salty【详解】考查形容词。句意:当她写作的时候,她能闻到带咸味的空气,听到海浪的撞击声,感觉到脚下沙子的拉力。设空处作定语,修饰名词air表示“咸的”用形容词形式。故填salty。22.graduating/graduation【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意:大学毕业后,他去了美国深造。根据空前After为介词可知,此处为动名词或者名词形式,构成介宾短语,满足句子结构。故填graduating/graduation。23.isestimated【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:据估计,这项工程将持续四年。陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语,it和estimate之间为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为it,be动词用is,Itisestimatedthat...为固定句型,意为“据估计”。故填isestimated。24.to【详解】考查介词。句意:我抵不住诱惑,吃了一块巧克力。短语yieldto表示“屈服于”。故填to。25.What【详解】考查主语从句。句意:事故发生的原因还没有弄清楚。空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,指物,应用连接代词what引导从句,置于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。26.What【详解】考查主语从句。句意:重要的是,我们有一种难以置信的渴望去思考和创造。空处引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,使用连接代词what引导,首字母应大写,故填What。27.Whether【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们的成功或失败取决于我们的努力和毅力。空处引导主语从句,结合句意及“ornot”可知此处使用whether...ornot引导,表示“是否”,首字母应大写,故填Whether28.What【详解】考查主语从句。句意:游客们来到Getty博物馆,以为自己是在参观一个里面有艺术品的博物馆。相反,他们发现的是一件内部有博物馆的艺术品。分析句子结构和意思可知,“________theydiscoverinstead”是主语从句,从句中缺少动词discover的宾语,指物,用what,“什么”的意思,首字母大写。故填What。29.whether【详解】考查主语从句。句意:迈克尔周末是否去露营还不清楚。设空处引导的是主语从句,意为“是否”用whether。此处it为形式主语,whether引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填whether。30.How【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:我们怎样才能和他取得联系是最重要的。空处引导主语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词,根据句意,表达“怎样”之意,用how引导,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填How。高考能力提升二、阅读理解ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedafter.JonesTerraceTheicefreeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.JonesledthefirstallfemaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anicefreeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sicecoveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202foothighMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedafterGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80foottallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727foottallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.31.Whatdothefirsttwopioneershaveinmon?A.TheyanalyzeddifferentchemicalsofrocksinAntarctica.B.TheybothworkedwiththeirownteaminAntarctica.C.TheyconductedtheresearchintheicefreeareasinAntarctica.D.TheyjoinedtheAntarcticClubfortheirstayinAntarctica.32.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.33.WhatisthescientificbreakthroughofIrenePeden?A.ShewasthefirstAmericanscientisttoexploretheAntarctic.B.Shemeasuredthespreadingfrequenciesofradiowaves.C.ShefoundoutthethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.D.ShediscoveredalotoficecoveredlakesintheAntarctic.BItwasinabrightlylitroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndiabornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(杂交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麦)varieties,whichhavebeentwodistinctandisolatedgenepools(分离的基因库)sincethebeginningoffarming.Andbecauseofthisbreakthrough,thescientisthasbeenabletobreedover480wheatvarieties.BorninVaranasiin1943,DrRajaramlivedwithhisfamilyoffaplotoflandgrowingwheat,riceandmaize.“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,”saidDrRajaram.“Everycountryisunique—thereareclimatesystems,culture,thefinancialsituationandeachofthenationsIvisitedneededadifferentsetofsolutions,”saidDrRajaram.Hissolutionsbecamepartofwhatiswidelydescribedastheworld’sfirst“wheatnetwork”,aglobalexchangeof“geneticinformationandinnovationsamongresearchers”.Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延迟)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(边界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”34.WhywasDrRajaramawardedtheWorldFoodPrize?A.Heimprovedseveralwheatvarietiesgenetically.B.Hecrossbredthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.C.Hesuccessfullybredtwowheatvarieties.D.Hefoundthedifferencebetweenthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.35.WhendidDrRajaramstarttoworkonplantbreeding?A.DuringhiscollegeyearsinIndia.B.WhiledoinghisPhDinAustralia.C.AfterbeingamemberofCIMMYTinMexico.D.Whilelivingwithhisfamilynearwheatgrowingland.36.WhatisoneadvantageofthewheatvarietiesdevelopedbyDrRajaram?A.Theycanbeplantedinanyseason.B.Theyarefreefromtheattackofsomepantdiseases.C.Theycangrowwellinterribleenvironments.D.Theycangrowtallerthantraditionalones.37.WhatcanwelearnaboutDrRajaramfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewastoobusywithworktodevelopanyhobby.B.Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresultsofhisresearch.C.Heplannedtodoresearchinanewfieldofscience.D.Hemadehismindtoworkonworldfoodproblems.31.B32.C33.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位女性在探索南极洲方面取得的成就。31.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In1969,geochemistLoisM.JonesledthefirstallfemaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anicefreeareaofAntarctica.(1969年,地球化学家LoisM.Jones带领美国第一个全女性研究小组在南极洲工作。Jones和她的团队研究了南极洲无冰地区麦克默多干谷的化学风化作用。)”和第三段的“Sheestablishedandmaintained80foottallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.(她和同事们在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔。)”可知,LoisM.Jones领导了第一个在南极洲工作的美国全女性研究小组,GinnyFiennes和她的同事们一起在南极洲建立和维护无线电发射塔。由此可知,前两位先驱的共同之处在于她们都和自己的团队一起在南极洲工作。故选B。32.细节理解题。根据第四段的“The3,727foottallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(这座位于南极洲阿德莱德岛上的3727英尺高的山峰是以DameJaneFrancis的名字命名的,她是英国南极调查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论:南极洲丰富的植物化石表明,该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候。)”可知,DameJaneFrancis根据在西摩岛收集的化石得出结论,南极洲曾经的气候比现在暖和得多,因此DameJaneFrancis证明了南极以前的高温。故选C。33.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(Peden和她的团队通过测量冰中的路径来确定低频无线电波是如何在极长距离传播的。她们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度。)”可知,IrenePeden利用无线电波得出南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选C。34.B35.C36.C37.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小麦育种专家SanjayaRajaram成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种,获得世界粮食奖。34.细节理解题。根据第一段“ItwasinabrightlylitroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndiabornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.(2014年6月18日,在墨西哥墨西哥城一个灯火通明的房间里,印度出生的SanjayaRajaram博士被宣布为世界粮食奖获得者)”以及第二段“DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(杂交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麦)varieties,(Rajaram博士因成功杂交冬小麦和春小麦品种而获得该奖项)”可知,SanjayaRajaram博士被授予世界粮食奖,是因为他杂交了冬小麦和春小麦品种。故选B。35.细节理解题。根据第三段中“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,(在印度接受教育后,我去了澳大利亚攻读博士学位,很快我加入了墨西哥的CIMMYT(国际玉米小麦改良中心),在那里我开始了我的植物育种者职业生涯)”可知,Rajaram博士加入国际玉米小麦改良中心后,开始从事植物育种工作。故选C。36.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延迟)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.(他的小麦品种营养丰富,延迟了一些植物病害的侵袭,能够在最恶劣的条件下存活下来)”可知,Rajaram博士培育的小麦品种能在恶劣的环境中生长。故选C。37.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(边界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”(在该领域工作了近半个世纪后,Rajaram博士说他的工作还没有完成。‘在科学领域,你永远不会停止学习。我一辈子都在做这件事,我从来没有真正有时间做其他事情。就爱好而言,好吧,有一点我喜欢听的音乐,几乎就是这样。我一直在努力突破可能的极限,今天还有工作要做。学习永远不能停止,世界也不能挨饿。’)”可知,Rajaram博士已经在粮食领域工作了数十年,他认为自己还有很多工作要做,需要不断学习,让世界人民不再饥饿。因此可推断,他决定致力于解决世界粮食问题。故选D。三、完形填空Farmsarethebiggestusersoffreshwaterresources.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsaysagricultureusesseventypercentofallsurfacewatersupplies.Thatistheworld38.Withouttherightmeasures,agriculturecanbeamajorcauseofwaterpollution.Butsolutionsdonothaveto39much.Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor40pollutionofwatersupplies.Wearegoingtotalkaboutafewofthem.Thefirst41fertilisersandpoisons.Onewaysuchchemicalscanentertheenvironmentiswhentheyarenotstoredcorrectly.Storedchemicalscanslowly42thesoilandgetintogroundwater.Tohelpavoidsuchproblems,chemicalsshouldbekeptinstructureswithafloormadeofcement(水泥).Farmanimalscanalsopollutewatersupplies.Animalslikecattle,pigs,sheepandgoatsareoftenleftto43ongrassinopenfieldsbystreamsorrivers.Largeanimalsloosendirtandrocksastheywalkalongwaterwaystodrink.Animal44alsoenterswatersupplies.Expertssayitisimportanttokeeplargefarmanimalsawayfromwatersupplieswiththeuseofafenceor45.Insteadofleadinganimalstowater,bringthewatertothem.Farmerscansendwaterthroughpipestowateringareasfortheiranimalswithpumps46byelectricityorfuel.Humanpoweredtreadlepumpsareanothersolution.Trees,bushesandsmallerplantscanactas47barriersalongstreamsandrivers.Bushesprovideexcellentgroundcover48grownnearwaterways.Animals49busheswithsharpthorns(尖刺).Treerootsprovidenaturalsupportforsoil.Treesplantednearwaterwayshelpstopsoillossfromheavyrains.They50helpkeepthesunfromdryingoutsoil.Theyholdsoilinplaceduringrainsand51thewaterflow.Thesemethodswillnotsolveallwaterqualityproblems,52theyaregoodfirststeps.38.A.level B.storage C.average D.problem39.A.reduce B.take C.matter D.cost40.A.consider B.create C.prevent D.rescue41.A.dealswith B.takesover C.paysfor D.adaptsto42.A.goup B.stretchin C.makefor D.leakinto43.A.feed B.go C.endanger D.keep44.A.fat B.waste C.food D.medicine45.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything46.A.attracted B.used C.made D.powered47.A.wellequipped B.responsible C.strong D.natural48.A.when B.unless C.incase D.until49.A.choose B.protect C.enjoy D.avoid50.A.easily B.hardly C.also D.either51.A.destroy B.ease C.speedup D.stop52.A.though B.but C.so D.therefore阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JiaSixie,authorofChina’sfirstagriculturalencyclopedia(百科全书),wasoneoftheleadingagronomists(农学家)inChinesehistory.InthelateyearsoftheNorthernWeiDynasty,hewroteQiminYaoshu,the53(early)andmostpleteagriculturalencyclopediastillinexistenceinChina.JiaSixiewasborninYiduCountyinShandongProvince.Duringhischildhood,Jia’sfamilywasn’twealthy,buthad54richcollectionofbooks.ThisprovidedtheyoungJiawithanopportunitytoreadancientChineseliterature55(wide)onagriculture.HepletedQiminYaoshuduringthewars,whenhesawamountsof56(suffer)thepoorfarmersunderwent.57hebelieveddeepdownwasthatthedevelopmentofagriculturecouldrelievetheshortageoffoodandthushelpthosefarmersout.Thebook,whichisprisedof92chaptersin10volumesandnearly120,000characters,58(cover)awiderangeoftopicsandrecordsonproductionexperienceandmethods.Itincludesadviceonfarming,fisheryandsidelineoccupations.Inthebook,heemphasizedtheimportanceofseedbreeding59(generate)bettervarieties.QiminYaoshuwasfirstdistributedmainlyamongmonpeople.InthelateTangDynasty,thebookwasintroducedtoJapan.Sofar,thebook60(translate)intoseverallanguages.QiminYaoshuisconsidered61animportantsummaryoffarmingknowledge.Atpresent,itisstillstudiedbyChinesefarmersandstudents62(major)inagriculture.38.C39.D40.C41.A42.D43.A44.B45.C46.D47.D48.A49.D50.C51.B52.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了农场对淡水资源的消耗和污染问题,并提出了一些简单的减少或防止供水污染的方法。38.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是世界平均值。A.level水平;B.storage存储;C.average平均值;D.problem问题。根据上文“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsaysagricultureusesseventypercentofallsurfacewatersupplies.”可知,联合国粮农组织表示,农业使用了所有地表水供应的70%,由此可推知,70%这个数字应该是世界平均值。故选C。39.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但解决方案并不需要花费太多。A.reduce减少;B.take拿;C.matter重要;D.cost花费。根据下文“Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor___3___pollutionofwatersupplies.”可知,农场可以使用一些简单的方法减少供水污染,因此解决方案并不需要花费太多。故选D。40.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对于任何规模的农场,都有一些简单的方法来减少或防止供水污染。A.consider考虑;B.create创造;C.prevent防止;D.rescue救援。根据上文“toreduceor”可推知,空处应该和reduce表达相近的意思,此处指减少或防止供水污染。故选C。41.考查动词短语辨析。句意:第一步处理化肥和毒药。A.dealswith处理;B.takesover接管;C.paysfor支付;D.adaptsto适应。根据上文“Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor___3___pollutionofwatersupplies.”可知,这是在介绍减少水污染的方法,因此是处理化肥和毒药。故选A。42.考查动词短语辨析。句意:储存的化学物质会慢慢渗入土壤并进入地下水。A.goup上升;B.stretchin延伸;C.makefor前往;D.leakinto渗入。根据上文“Onewaysuchchemicalscanentertheenvironmentiswhentheyarenotstoredcorrectly.”可推知,储存不正确的情况下,化学物质会慢慢渗入土壤并进入地下水。故选D。43.考查动词词义辨析。句意:像牛、猪、绵羊和山羊这样的动物经常被留在溪边或河边的草地上进食。A.feed进食;B.go去;C.endanger使遭危险,危害;D.keep保持。根据下文“ongrassinopenfieldsbystreamsorrivers”可推知,这样的动物会被留在溪边或河边的草地上进食,短语feedon“以……为食”。故选A。44.考查名词词义辨析。句意:动物粪便也会进入供水系统。A.fat脂肪;B.waste粪便;C.food食物;D.medicine药物。根据上文“Largeanimalsloosendirtandrocksastheywalkalongwaterwaystodrink.”可知,这些动物沿着水道行走喝水,因此它们沿途排泄的粪便会进入供水系统。故选B。45.考查不定代词词义辨析。句意:专家表示,重要的是要用栅栏之类的东西让大型农场动物远离水源。A.anything任何事物;B.nothing没有什么,没有一件东西;C.something某物;D.everything所有事物。根据上文“afenceor”可推知,此处用固定短语orsomething表示“诸如此类的事物”,建议用栅栏之类的东西让动物远离水源。故选C。46.考查动词词义辨析。句意:农民可以通过管道将水送到灌溉区,用电力或燃料驱动的水泵为他们的动物供水。A.attracted吸引;B.used使用;C.made制造;D.powered驱动。根据下文“byelectricityorfuel”可推知,此处指水泵由电力或燃料驱动,和下文Humanpoweredtreadlepumps“人力踩踏水泵”相呼应。故选D。47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:树木、灌木和较小的植物可以作为溪流和河流的天然屏障。A.wellequipped装备精良的;B.responsible负责的;C.strong强壮的;D.natural天然的。根据上文“Trees,bushesandsmallerplants”可推知,树木、灌木和较小的植物本身生长在农场环境中,是作为溪流和河流的天然屏障。故选D。48.考查连词(短语)词义辨析。句意:当灌木生长在水道附近时,可以提供很好的地面覆盖物。A.when当……时;B.unless除非;C.incase万一;D.until直到。根据上文“Bushesprovideexcellentgroundcover”和下文“grownnearwaterways”可推知,此处指当灌木生长在水道附近时,它们可以提供很好的地面覆盖物。故选A。49.考查动词词义辨析。句意:动物避开长有尖刺的灌木丛。A.choose选择;B.protect保护;C.enjoy享受;D.avoid避免。根据下文“busheswithsharpthorns(尖刺)”可知,灌木丛有尖刺,因此动物会避开它们。故选D。50.考查副词词义辨析。句意:它们也有助于防止太阳晒干土壤。A.easily容易地;B.hardly几乎不;C.also也;D.either也(用于否定句)。根据上文“Treesplantednearwaterwayshelpstopsoillossfromheavyrains.”可知,此处是进一步介绍树根对土壤的保护作用,指也有助于防止太阳晒干土壤,且句子是肯定句,应用also。故选C。51.考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:它们能在下雨时固定土壤,并减缓水流。A.destroy破坏;B.ease缓和,减轻;C.speedup加速;D.stop制止。根据上文“Treerootsprovidenaturalsupportforsoil.”可知,本段介绍树根对土壤的保护作用,结合空后“thewaterflow”可知,树根可以减缓水流的流动。故选B。52.考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意:这些方法不能解决所有的水质问题,但它们是良好的第一步。A.though尽管;B.but但是;C.so所以;D.therefore因此。根据上文“Thesemethodswillnotsolveallwaterqualityproblems”和下文“theyaregoodfirststeps”可知,前后是转折的关系,指这些方法不能解决所有的水质问题,但是良好的第一步。故选B。53.earliest54.a55.widely56.suffering57.What58.covers59.togenerate60.hasbeentranslated61.as62.majoring【导语】本文体裁属于说明文。本文介绍了中国历史上著名的农学家贾思勰及其所著的农业百科全书《齐民要术》,详细阐述了该书的背景、内容、影响以及贾思勰的农业理念。53.考查形容词最高级。句意:北魏末年,他撰写了中国现存的最早、最完整的农业百科全书《齐民要术》。由句意以及设空处后的andmostplete可知,设空处应用形容词最高级earliest“最早的”。故填earliest。54.考查冠词。句意:童年时,贾家并不富裕,但有一批丰富的藏书。此处泛指“一批丰富的藏书”,且rich以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。55.考查副

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