初高中衔接语法和词汇完整学案-高中英语人教版必修第一册

初高衔接英语教程

音标

[i:][i][e][«]

前兀音

heshesititbedrednapbag

[A][«：][9]

申兀日

cupbusgirlbirdplayer

元[u：][u][3：][□][a：]

后兀音

音tworoomlookgoodfourshorthotlotcarfarm

[ei][ai]侬］[»u][au]

7r□XX7CB

namecakebikeflyboytoygononowhow

G。[J][ua]

某甲双兀首

nearherechairtherepoor

[p][t][k]

英桶日

语pentenkeylook

爆破音

音[b][d][g]

脚音

标bookbigdodoggirlgood

速[f][s]UI[0][h]

记,音

foursixsitshipshethinkthreehothome

表肆抨百

[vj[z][0]

姗日

veryzoozeropleasurethatthis

辅[tr][ts]

清辅音

音chinavatchtreetrystudentsboats

破擦音

同[dr][dz]

琳暗

ageJulydrivedrinkbeds

[n][o]

量音触音

makecoaepennineunclebank

[1][r]

舌则音溺悟

lor«readred

[«1UI

半元音琳（音

whatwhereyesyear

1.辅音约等于汉语拼音中的声母，元音约等于汉语拼音中的韵母。

2.音节

(1)英语音节是读音的基本单位，任何单词的读音，都是分解为一个个音节朗

读。英语的词有一个音节的，两个音节的，多个音节的，一个音节叫单音节词，

两个音节叫双音节词，两个音节以上叫多音节词。

(2)音节的核心是元音，元音可以单独构成音节，也可以与辅音一起构成音节。take词尾的e

并未发音，所以都是单音节词。注意，不要将元音和元音字母搞混。

(3)划分音节是按元音来划的，如果元音字母不发音，那就不能构成音节了。如果有两个元

音字母在一起，但只发一个元音，仍然算一个音节。[,n<cfaniellti]

3.重读

(1)单词中读音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使

用重读符号。

(2)单音节词都是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。bag

(3)双音节词重读规则

双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。jacket>chicken、ticket、hockey、

含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。

双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：azboutbe'foreexcuserepairfbr-zget-fulin-zven-tor

(4)多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：'barbecuee'eonomy

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如:scientific。

1.[Iks'°eind5]nvt交换;交流.交换;交流；交易；兑换

2.['lek^a]nvivt..讲座；讲课；教训.（开）讲座；讲课训斥

3.[,redy'streifon]n.登记；注册；挂号

4.['redj[st。]vt.&vi.登记；注册

5.[seks]n.性别

6.['fi:mei1]adj・女（性）的;雌的・雌性动（植）物；女子

7.[mei1]adjn男（性）的;雄的.雄性动（植）物；男子

8.[,nsefo'naellti].国籍；民族

9.['neiJon]n国家；民族；国民

10.[di'zain]vt.设计;设计方案.设计；筹划

11.[di'zaino]n.设计者

12.['kaempos].校园；校区

13.['fo:mol]adj.正式的；正规的

14.[1到kJas]adj.焦虑的；不安的

15.[o'noId]adj.恼怒的；生气的

16.5noI]vt.使恼怒；打扰

17.['fraitnd]adj.惊吓的；害怕的

18.[pi:.em.]下午；午后

19.[ei.em]上午；午前；午夜至正午

20.['si:njg]adjn.级别（或地位）高的较年长的人

21.['si：njohalsku：1]（美国）高中

22.[aetla:st]终于;最终

23.[aut'gouig]adj.爱交际的；外向的

24.[im'prefon]n.印象；感想

25.['Impres]vtvi.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象,

26.[WD11f]要是……会怎么样呢？

27.[gai]n.小伙子；男人；家伙

28.['konssntrelt]vi.&vt.集中（注意力）；聚集会神集中精力于

29.[Iks'penmont]n.实验;试验

30.不打扰；不惊动

31.['0：kwod]adj.令人尴尬的；难对付的

32.[1（feu：njo]n/adj.地位（或职级）低下的职位较低者；（美国）初级

33.[Iks'plo:]vt.&vi.探索；勘探n.1\ekspla1reiJ

(a)n/

34.['kDnfldont]adj.自信的；有把握

35.['kDnfidsns].信信任

36.[•fo:wod]adj/adv.向前；前进.向前的；前进的

37.盼望；期待

38.[telknouts]记笔记

39.[fl^f]nvivt..光;信号.闪耀；发出信号使闪耀；发出（信号）

40.[fl到ka:d]教学卡片；识字卡

41.['0：gonaiz]vtvi.组织；筹备；安排；组建.组建；成立

42.[,0:gonai'zei\on]n.组织；团体；机构

43.[gaul]n.目标;球门；射门

44.['stratidj]n.策略；策划

45.['pa：tno]n.同伴;配偶；合伙人

46.[lm'pru：v]vi.&vt.改进；改善

47.['kjuorios]adj.好奇的；求知欲强的

48.['kAmponi]n.公司；商行；陪

49.[,po:so'naeliti]n.性格；个性

50.[stai1]n.方式;作风

51.[ri'valz]修改;修订；复习

-.句子成分和结构

英语有7种句子成分：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语。

1.主语：

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmaninghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

@Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

2.谓语：

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummeres.

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?

3.表语：

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②V/hyisheworriedaboutJim?

③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.

⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

4.宾语：

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

5.宾语补足语：

①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.

④TheycallmeLilysometimes.

⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.

⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

6.定语：

①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.

②V/hatisyourgivenname?

③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.

④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.

⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.

7.状语：

①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

英语五类基本句子结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基

本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

1：SVP（主+系+表）

2：SV（主+谓）

3：SV0（主+谓+宾）

4：SVo0（主+谓+间宾+直宾）

5：SV0C（主+谓+宾+宾补）

划分句子成分，结构练习

1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.

4.Shebecameadoctorin1998.

5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.

6.Suddenlyitbeginstorain.

7.TocatchthetrainJgotupearlyyesterday.

8.1alwaysfindherhappy.

9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.

10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.

11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.

12.Hesaidhedidn'te.

13.Theyloveeachother.

14.V/hatdidyoubuy?

15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.

16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.

17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.

18.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.

19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.

20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.

非谓语动词

句子复杂程度升级，除谓语之外的成分中出现动词，就会用到非谓语动词。动

词不定式todo,动名词/现在分词doing,过去分词doneo

以go为例：go,goes,went,togo,going,gone.

1.原型：Igotoschooleveryday.

2.三单：Hegoestoschooleveryday.

3.过去式：I/Hewenttoschoolyesterday.

4.动词不定式：Iwanttogotoschool.

5.动名词：Ienjoygoingfishingwithhim.

动词不定式

L主语：it形式主语

2.宾语：

want,wouldlike,expect,hope,wish,decide,plan,agree,intend,demand,promise,

prepare,refuse,choose,fail,pretend,manage,determine

特殊：hadbetterdo,whynotdo,whydonotyoudo.

3.宾语补足语：

want,wouldlike,expect,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,

allow,cause,force,callon,waitfbr,invite.

特殊:一感觉二听三让四看：feel；hear,listento；let,make,have；see,lookat,

watch,notice.

4.状语

目的状语

Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

Iehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。

结果状语

Iawoketofindmytruckgone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。

Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.他搜索了房间没发现什么。

原因状语

Pmgladtoseeyou.见到你很高兴。

Shewepttoseethesight.她一看到这情形就哭了。

动名词

1.宾语

Finish,practice,beworth,bebusy完成练习值得忙

Consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike考虑建议不禁想

Keepon,beusedto,giveup继续习惯别放弃

Enjoy,miss,mind喜欢思念要介意

2.定语

Doyouknowthecryingboy?

3.状语

Hewenthome,singinganddancing.

过去分词

1.定语

Thisisthebookwrittenbyhim.

非谓语动词练习

1.TonywantsajobasalanguageteacherinChina.

A.tofindB.findingC.find

2.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided.

A.togooutB.nottogooutC.tonotgooutD.notgoingout

3.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theypreferTVorlistentomusicratherthan

newspapers.

A.watching;readB.watching;toreadC.towatch;readD.towatch;reading

4.Jane'smotherpreferredTVathometototheconcert.

A.towatch;goB.watching;goingC.watching;goD.towatch;going

5.Atpresent,manypeoplewouldratherinthecountrybecausethereis

pollutioninthecity.

A.live,moreB.tolive,lessC.live,lessD.tolive,more

6.KittywouldrathertotheparkthanwatchTV.

A.togoB.goC.goingD.goes

7.Sinceyouaretired,you'dbetterandhaveagoodrest.

A.stoptostudyB.stopstudyC.stopstudying

8."Foryouringvacation,whycorningtoGuiyang?""Goodidea!"

A.notconsiderB.don'tconsiderC.toconsider

9.Parentsoftenaskuswaterinourlife.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves

10.Myparentsoftenaskmetoomuchtimeputergames.

A.nottospend;playingB.nottospend;toplayC.tonotspend;play

11.Tom'smothertoldhimeatingtoomuchmeat.

A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped

12.—Pleasetelltheboysanynoise.Mybabyissleeping.

一OK.Tildoitatonce.

A.notmakeB.tomakeC.nottomake

13.—ThedoctortoldmetoomuchbutIfinditdifficult.

—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,youwillbe.

A.don'tdrink;thehealthierB.nottodrink;thehealthier

Cnottodrink;themorehealthierD.don'tdrink;healthier

14.V/hattimedoyouexpecther?

A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive

15.Driversshouldn'tbeallowedafterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.

A.driveB.drivingC.todrive

16.OurEnglishteacherencouragesuspartinallkindsofafter-classactivities.

A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking

17.Manystudentssaidthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtomaketheirdreamstrue.

A.eB.cameC.es

18.Themovie"Mr.Bean"madeusalotlastnight

A.laughB.laughedC.tolaugh

19.Theassistantwon/tletyouthecinemaifyouhaven'taticket.

A.enterB.toenterC.entering

20.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,hework14hoursaday.

A.wasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmadeto

21.Thethiefwasnoticedtheofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.

A.enterB.enterintoC.toenterD.toenterinto

22.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomethingit.

A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostop

23.Wecanmakeafiretheroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.keepD.kept

24.—Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?

—fortheEnglishtest,Iguess.

A.TostudyB.StudyC.StudiedD.Studying

25.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucanme.

A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps

26.MrWangdoeswhathecanusimproveourEnglish.

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped

27.WaterParkisagoodplace.

A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun

28.Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometimewhatyoulikeeveryday.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

29.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus?

A.howtodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoitD.whatshouldtodo

30.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.CanyoushowmeGeorge?

A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit

31.一Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.

——You'dbetter.It/sbadforyoutoomuchjunkfood.

A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.ate

32.ItisveryimportantforusEnglishwell.

A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learned

1.—avolunteerisgreat.

—Ithinkso.SomeofuswantvolunteersfortheLondonOlympics.

A.Being;beingB.Tobe;beingC.Being;tobeD.Tobe;tobe

2.Mom!Wouldyoumindmetabletennis?

A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing

3.Nick,wouldyoumindthoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.

A.nottowearB.notwearC.wearingnotD.notwearing

4.1spentalotoftimeEnglishlastweekend.

A.topracticespeakingB.practicingtospeakC.practicingspeaking

5.—Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?

—IoftenpracticeEnglish.

A.speakB.tospeakC.speaking

6.WewenttothebeachlastSunday,endwehadgreatfunvolleyball.

A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay

7.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinishedthereport.

A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.written

8.Tom'smotherisbusybreakfastforTom.

A.cookB.tocookC.cooksD.cooking

9.---Whataboutarest?

-OK.Let'sgooutandhaveawalk.

A.totakeB.takesC.taking

10.ThenewtreatmentsbyNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsoldiers.

A.inventB.inventsC,inventingD.invented

11.—Don'tforgetyourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.

—Thanks.Iwon/t.

A.bringB.tobringC.bringing

12.一Don'tforgetyourhomework.John.

—Ok.I'lldoitrightnow.

A.doingB.doC.todo

13.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.—Whynotstopforawhile?

A.restB.torestC.restingD.rested

14.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystoppedandlayonthe

ground,soweallstoppedwhatwaswrongwithhim.

A.torun;toseeB.running;seeingC.running;tosee

15.Classisbeginning.Pleasestop.

A.talkingB.totalkC.talk

16.Rememberthebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinishit.

A.toreturn;toreadB.returning;readingC.toreturn;readingC.returning;to

read

17.1sawLiMingneartheriveronmywayhome.

A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.played

18.OneofthedifficultieswehaveEnglishishowtoremembernewwordsand

expressions.

A.tolearnB.inlearningC.learnD.learned

19.V/ouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?

A.tell;torememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;toremember

20.—WhatcouldIgetmyfatherforFather'sDay?

——gettinghimatie?

A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon'tyou

21.Sheusedtointhemorning,butnowsheisusedtoatnight.

A.read,readB.read,readingC.reading,readD.reading,reading

22.WheneveryouhaveachanceEnglish,youshouldtakeit.

A.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks

23.—Whyareyousoexcited?

—PeterinvitedmeonatriptoYuntaiMountain.

A.togoB.goC.goingD.went

24.Thebookiswellworth,Iplanone.

A.read,tobuyB.reading,buyingC.reading,tobuy

25.—WealllikeMissWang.-Iagreewithyou.ShealwaysmakesherEnglishclasses

A.interestedB.interestC.interesting

非谓语动词写作练习

Tom喜欢打乒乓球。做运动让他很快乐。他的梦想是成为一名乒乓球运动员。

每天他有很多的事情做。例如：他之前计划帮助他的一名朋友学习英语。为了

把这件事做好，他准备了一本他老师写的书。

时态

用不同的谓语，时间状语表达不同时间的动作或者状态。

1.我每天看电视。

2.我昨天看电视。

3.我明天将看电视。

4.我现在正在看电视。

5.我昨天这个时间正在看电视。

1.我现在饿。

2.我昨天饿。

3.我明天将饿。

谓语分类展示

我们从3个方面学习每一种时态：时态意义，时态结构，时间状语。以一般现

在时举例：

一般现在时

时态意义

1.一定包括现在的一段时间内的状态。

2.一定包括现在的一段时间内经常，规律性的动作。

时态结构

1.主语+am/is/are+表语状态

2.主语+do/does+其他动作

时间状语

Every系列频率副词。

图形化表达：

现在

一定包括现在的一段时间内的状态。

现在

一定包括现在的一段时间内经常，规律性的动作。

时态难点

1.一般现在时和一般过去时

2.一般过去时和现在完成时

3.现在完成时和过去完成时

时态写作练习

中考seniorhighschoolentranceexamination

高考collegeentranceexamination

我现在是一名高中生。现在我正在学习英语。去年这个时候，我正坐在初三的教室里，为中

考做准备。我那时学习很刻苦。两乞后，我将参加高考。然后成为一名大学生。我已经在学

习上取得了巨大的进步。我相信我的梦想会成真。

1.Nowmyfatherhisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving.

A.rideB.rodeC.ridesD.willride

2.Jenny!Doyouknowthatone-thirdoftheboysinourclassthesingerZhangShaohan?

A.likeB.likesC.liking

3.Mr.BlackisgoingtomarryagirlheinJapanlastyear.

A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet

4.Hello!Pmverygladtoseeyou.Whenyouhere?

A.did;arriveB.will;arriveC.have;arrivedD.are;arriving

5.一Ihavetobeoffrightnow.

——Whatapity!Iyoucouldstayalittlelongerwithus.

A.thinkB.amthinkingC.thought

6.---HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?

---Yes.Ithereafewmonthsago.

AhavebeenB.wentC.havegone

7.-Doyouknowwhocleanedtheblackboard,Tina?

—Yes.John.

A.doB.doesC.did

8.—Youhavefoundyourlostumbrella,haven'tyou?

一Yes.Iitbehindthedoorthisafternoon.

A.havefoundB.willfindC.found

9.ThelasttimeItothecinemawastwoyearsago.

A.goB.havegoneC.havebeenD.Went

10.WearegladtohearthattheGreenstoanewflatnextweek.

A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved

11.ChenGuangbiaosaysheallhismoneytocharitieswhenhedies.

A.leavesB.leftC.willleaveD.wouldleave

12.BettywillringmeupwhensheinBeijing.

A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive

13.Ifyouyourhomework,youcangoouttoplayfootball.

A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishing

14.-1don'tknowifMr.Litothepartythisevening.

-Ithinkhewilleifhefree.

A.wille;isB.wille;willbeC.es;isD.es;willbe

15.Don'tmakesomuchnoise.ThechildrenanEnglishlesson.

A.haveB.arehavingC.werehaving

16.一I'venotfinishedmyprojectyet.

-Hurryup!Ourfriendsforus.

A.waitB.arewaitingC.willwaitD.havewaited

17.—Alan,it'slate.Whynotgotobed?

一Jennyhasn'tebackyet.I___fbrher.

A.waitedB.havewaitedC.amwaitingD.waswaiting

18.Listen!Thephone.Pleasegotoanswerit.

A.ringsB.isringingC.rangD.willring

19.WhenIcamebackyesterdayevening,mybrotherhishomework.

AisdoingB.hasdoneC.wasdoing

20.一Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.

一Sorry,Iwithmyfriendsatthattime.

A.swimB.swamC.willswimD.wasswimming

21.1metagoodfriendofminewhileIonthestreet.

A.walksB.walkC.waswalkingD.amwalking

22.一Excuseme,whereisMr.Brown'soffice?

一Sorry,Idon'tknow.I___hereforonlyafewdays.

A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork

23.MygrandmotheralotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.

A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen

24.Sofarthisyear,manynewhousesinWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.

A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt

25.—WhereisBob?

-HetoHarbinfbrameeting.

A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgone

26."Where'syourbrother,Jane?""He'snotinGuiyangthesedays.HeBeijing.'

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hadbeento

27.一Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?

—No,Itothebankalready.

A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen

28.GreatchangesinTongreninthepastfiveyears.

A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace

29.Shethisbookfornearlythreeweeks.

A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept

30.Bytheendoflastmonth,IalltheCDsofJustinBieber.

A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected

31.Tom,alongwiththreeotherboys,seenplayingfootballamomentago.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

32.Treeseveryyeartomakeourcitygreener.

A.plantB.areplantedC.wereplanted

33.Afriendlybasketballmatchbetweenteachersandstudentstomorrowafternoon.Anybodyis

wele.

A.washeldB.willbeheldC.isheldD.mustbeheld

34.Yourclassroomisveryclean.

----Yes,iteveryday.

A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaning

35.Wastepapershouldn'teverywhere.It'sourdutytokeepourclassroomclean.

A.bethrownB.throwC.isthrown

36.Boysandgirls,thebooksinthelibrarymustgoodcareof.

A.takeB.aretakingC.betaken

37.Aseveryoneknows,rubbisheverywhere.

A.needbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maythrow

38.Mr.Fan_thiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.

A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had

39.Thomasthearmyfbrtwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch.

A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC.hasbeenin

40.Echofbrhalfamonth.She,llehackintwomonths.

A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway

41.Inthepastthechildrenweremade15hoursaday.

A.tolockB.workC.toworkD.lock

42.——DidyougotoJim'sbirthdayparty?

--一No,I..

A.haven'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.amnotinvitedD.wasn'tinvited

陈述句，疑问句

1.助动词

概念：

助动词总结：

2.陈述句

肯定句（陈述语序）

否定句：

3.疑问句（疑问语序）

一般疑问句：

特殊疑问句：

特殊疑问词：

4.祈使句

5.感叹句

并列句，复合句

—•并列句

复合句

当句子的意义进一步负责化，需要用句子充当某些句子的成分，复合句就产生

了。包括定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句。复合句的本质就是按照一定规则，把两

个句子合并成了一个大句子。原来的两个句子一个变成了主句，一个变成了从句。

1.陈述句

^42.一般疑问句

L宾语从句3.特殊疑问句

1.关系代词

复合句—2.定语从句2.关系副词

L时间

2地点

条

3件

原

3.状语从句4因

让

s步

结

&果

目

Z的

定语从句

一.区分主从句找出同类项。

先用汉语举例子：1.这是一只猫。2.我昨天买了这只猫。

请合并这两句话。答案大家都知道：这是我昨天买的那只猫。

从我们合并的结果可以看出：

1.这是一只猫。将在合并后的句子里做主句。

2.我昨天买了这只猫。将在合并后的句子里做从句一一定语从句，修饰名词猫。

然后寻找两个句子的同类项。所谓同类项指的是两个句子中相同的那个词。那么这两个句子

的同类项就是“猫”。

变成英语01.Thisisacat.（主句）2.1boughtthiscatyesterday.（从句）

acat/thiscat就是同类项。

二.用关系代词来替代从句中的同类项，并且提前到从句最前面。

一般来说初中用到的关系代词很少，三个就够：which/that/who

从句中的同类项是物的时候，用which或者that来代替。例如例句中：Iboughtthiscat

yesterday,thiscat这只猫就不是人，所以我们用which或者that来替代，句子将变为I

boughtwhich/thatyesterday.然后再把关系代词提前到句子最前面。Which/thatIbought

yesterday.

当从句中的同类项是人的时候，用who或者that来替代。你没有看错，that几乎是万能的。

三.将变化