普高专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷3（共215题）

普高专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷3（共9套）（共215题）普高专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷第1套一、常规阅读(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)Itisamatterofcommonobservationthatalthoughincomeskeepgoingupovertheyears,peopleneverseemtobecomemuchbetteroff.Pricesarerisingcontinuously.Thisconditionistermedoneofinflation;themoneysupplyisbecominginflatedsothateachunitofitbecomeslessvaluable.Peoplehavegrownaccustomedinrecentyearstohigherandhigherratesofinflation.Whatcouldbeboughttenyearsagoforonedollarnowcostswellovertwodollars.Presentindicationsarethatthisrateofinflationistendingtoriseratherthantofall.Ifintherealworldourmoneyincomesgoupatthesamerateaspricesonemightthinkthatinflationdoesnotmatter.Butitdoes.Whenmoneyislosingvalueitlacksoneofthequalitiesofagoodmoney—stabilitytovalue.Itisnolongeracceptableasastoreofvalue;anditbecomesanunsuitablestandardofdeferred(延期的)payments.Nobodywantstoholdawastingasset(资产),sopeopletrytogetridofmoneyasquicklyaspossible.Inflationthereforestimulatesconsumerspending,andpreventspeoplefromsaving.1、Inflationisasituationinwhich______.A、employmentnolongerbecomesaproblemB、peoplearebetterpaidC、wefindourmoneyworthmoreD、moneykeepslosingitsvalue标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析2、Accordingtotheauthor,inflation______.A、isverycommonatthepresenttimeB、canbeavoidedifpeoplesavemoneyC、isjustreasonableD、seldomhappens标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析3、Accordingtothepassage,ifincomesandpricesrisetogether______.A、inflationwillposenoproblemB、inflationwillremaintobeaproblemC、thebusinesswillprosperD、moneywillholditsvalue标准答案：B知识点解析：暂无解析4、Whenmoneylosesitsvalue______.A、itisnolongerstableB、goodswilllosetheirvalueC、incomeswillkeeprisingD、peoplerefusetoacceptit标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析5、Inaperiodofinflation,peoplearelikelyto______.A、keepmoneyinthebankB、investheavilyinthestockmarketC、stopspendingmoneyD、spendmoneyandnotbothertosave标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析Butthesuccessofscience,bothitsintellectualexcitementanditspracticalapplication,dependsupontheself-correctingcharacterofscience.Theremustbeawayoftestinganyvalididea.Itmustbepossibletoreproduceanyvalidexperiment.Thecharacterorbeliefsofscientistsareirrelevant;allthatmattersiswhethertheevidencesupportstheircontentions(观点).Argumentsfromauthoritysimplydonotcount;toomanyauthoritieshavebeenmistakentoooften.Iwouldliketoseetheseveryeffectivescientificmodesofthoughtcommunicatedbytheschoolsandthemedia(传播媒介);anditwouldcertainlybeanastonishmentanddelighttoseethemintroducedintopolitics.Scientistshavebeenknowntochangetheirmindscompletelyandpubliclywhenpresentedwithnewevidenceornewargument.Icannotrecallthelasttimeapoliticiandisplayedasimilaropennessandwillingnesstochange.6、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A、Therewardsofscientificdiscoveries.B、Practicalapplicationsofanabstracttheory.C、Animportantcharacteristicsofscience.D、Somesimilaritiesbetweenpoliticsandscience.标准答案：C知识点解析：暂无解析7、Accordingtothepassage,ifascientistrepeatsanexperimentseveraltimesanddoesnotproducesimilarresultseachtime,theexperimentmustbe______.A、extremelycomplexB、scientificC、incorrectlyrecordedD、invalid标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析8、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostessentialtoscientists’work?A、Character.B、Authority.C、Beliefs.D、Evidence.标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析9、Theauthorimpliesthatinscience,argumentsfromauthorityare______.A、notdecisiveB、preciousC、doubtfulD、misleading标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析10、Accordingtotheauthor,apoliticiantendsto______.A、thinkmuchofthemediaB、acceptnewargumentsC、avoidadmittinghismistakesD、sticktothelaws标准答案：C知识点解析：暂无解析IntheUnitedStatesmanyhavebeentoldthatanyonecanbecomerichandsuccessfulifheworkshardandhassomegoodluck.Yes,whenonebecomesrichhewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.That'swhat"KeepingupwiththeJoneses"isabout.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericanbythenameofArthurMomand.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingstokeepupwiththeirneighbors;theytrytolookasrichandassuccessfulastheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit"KeepingUpwiththeJoneses",because"Jones"isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates."KeepingUpwiththeJoneses"cametomeankeepingupwiththepeoplearoundyou.Momand'sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Thatisonereasonwhytheyreadthe"right"books,gotothe"right"universitiesandeatinthe"right"restaurants.Everycityhasanareawherepeoplewanttolivebecauseotherswillthinkbetterofthemiftheydo.Andthereare"Joneses"ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJoneses,becausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.11、Why,accordingtothepassage,domanypeopletrytokeepupwiththeJoneses?A、Becausetheywanttobeasrichastheirneighbors.B、BecausetheyfeelproudtobetakenfortheJoneses.C、Becausetheywantotherstoknoworthinktheyarerich.D、Becausetheyareafraidtheotherswillknowtheyarerich.标准答案：C知识点解析：暂无解析12、WhydidArthurMomandusethename"Jones"inhisstories?A、BecausemanyrichpeopleintheU.S.arenamedJones.B、BecausefewrichpeopleintheU.S.arenamedJones.C、Becausethenamesoundsfunnyandimpressive.D、BecausetherearemanypeopleintheU.S.whosefamilynameisJones.标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析13、Whatdoestheauthorrefertowhenhesaysthe"right"books?A、Booksthatotherpeoplearoundarereading.B、Booksthatteachpeoplehowtogetrichandsuccessful.C、Booksbyfamousandsuccessfulwriters.D、Veryexpensivebooks.标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析14、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead"?A、ItseemsMr.Jonesisalwayswalkingaheadofothers.B、Itseemsonecanneverkeepupwithallpeoplearound.C、ItseemsMr.Jonesisaveryrichman.D、Itseemsonehastoworkveryhardtogetrich.标准答案：B知识点解析：暂无解析15、Whatistheauthor’sopinion?A、ItisfunnytotrytokeepupwiththeJoneses.B、ItisnecessarytokeepupwiththeJoneses.C、Itishardtokeepupwiththepeoplearoundyou.D、Itissenselesstotrytokeepupwiththepeoplearoundyou.标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析Humanshavelongbeenstudyingtheflightofbirdsandtryingtoimitateit.Notuntilthetwentiethcenturydidengineersfullyunderstandtheprinciplesofflightthatbirdshavebeenusingformillionsofyears.Birdsareadaptedintheirbodystructure,asnoothercreatures,tolifeintheair.Theirwing,tails,hollowbones,andinternalairsacs(气囊)allcontributetothisgreatfaculty.Theseadaptationsmakeitpossibleforbirdstoseekoutenvironmentsmostfavorabletotheirneedsatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Thisresultsinthemarvelousphenomenonweknowasmigration—theregular,seasonalmovementofentirepopulationsofbirdsfromonegeographiclocationtoanother.Eachyearwithgreatregularitymostspeciesofbirdsreturntotheirsummerhomes,court(求偶)andchoosemates,buildtheirnests,layeggs,andreartheiryoung.Inthelatesummerandfalltheyacquiretheirnewplumage(羽毛).Thentheyjoinwithothersoftheirkindinlargeandsmallflocks,feedingandstoringupfatintheirbodies.Thustheyprepareforthehardshipsofwinter,whethertheyremaininthecoldnorthlandsormakethestrenuous(艰苦的)journeytothesouth.16、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A、PrinciplesofFlightB、HowBirdsFlyC、TheAnnualMigrationofBirdsD、TheBodyStructureofBirds标准答案：C知识点解析：暂无解析17、Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.A、birdsarebuiltthesameasothercreaturesB、birdsarebuilttoflyC、birdsneedtomigratetosurviveD、birdsneedtobetoldwhentomigrate标准答案：B知识点解析：暂无解析18、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.A、birds’migrationisgenerallywithoutpurposeB、birds’migrationismerelyoutoftheirhabitsC、mostbirdstravelregularlyforachangeintheirlifepatternD、birdsareabletolookforsituationsfavorabletotheirexistence标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析19、Birdsfeedandstorefatintheirbodies______.A、foruseinrearingtheiryoungB、foruseinwinterC、tobeusedwhentheyreturnnextsummerD、tobeusedontheirwaysouth标准答案：B知识点解析：暂无解析20、Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbythepassage?A、Themigrationofbirdsisa"social"undertaking.B、Eachindividualbirdhasitsownpatternofmigration.C、Allbirdsflysouthforthewinter.D、Differentkindsofbirdsjointogetherintheirmigration.标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析You'veprobablyhadtheexperienceofhavingsomeonefallinlovewithyouwhenyoudidn'treturnthefeeling.Insuchacaseit'shardtoknowwhattodo.Youwanttodiscourageyouradmirer.Yetyoudon'twanttobesoobviousinyoureffortsthatyoumakeanenemyofhim.Afriendofminehadthisproblemandhandleditinthemosttactful(得体的)wayI'veeverseen.Insteadoftellingtheyoungmanthatshefoundittiresometohavehimaroundsomuch,shedevotedherselftointroducinghimtoeverygirlsheknew.Whenevershehadadatewithhim,shearrangedforthemtodropinatthehomeofoneofhergirlfriends.Afewweekswasallittookforhimtoclick(一见如故)withoneofthesegirls,andtheneveryonewashappy.Thenewgirlandtheyoungmangotalongjustfineandbothofthemweregratefultomyfriendforhavingbroughtthemtogether.Myfriendwasridofaproblemandshestillhadtheyoungmanasafriend,whichwasjustwhatshewantedhimtobe.Ofcoursethissolutionmaynotworkforyou.Youmayhaveyourownwayofdealingwiththeproblem.Butwhateveryoudecidetodo,keeponethinginmind—theboyinquestionhasfeelingseverybitassensitiveasyourown.Sotrytofindawayofdiscouraginghimwithouthurtinghim.21、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A、HowtoMakeaFriendB、ProblemsofDatingC、GoodAdviceforGirlsD、HowtoFreeYourselffromanAdmirer标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析22、Themainideaofthispassageis______.A、itispossibletodiscourageanadmirerwithouthurtinghisfeelingsB、therearemanysolutionstotheproblems’ofdatingC、anadmirerhasfeelingseverybitassensitiveasourownD、it’stiresometohavesomeonearoundtoomuch标准答案：A知识点解析：暂无解析23、Theauthor’sfriendsolvedherproblemby______.A、tellingtheadmirershegottiredofhavinghimaroundsomuchB、keepingondatingwithheradmirerC、avoidingmeetingtheyoungmananymoreD、bringingtheyoungmantogetherwithanothergirlandstillhavinghimasafriend标准答案：D知识点解析：暂无解析24、Thecharacteroftheauthor’sfriendcanbestbedescribedas______.A、sympatheticB、patientC、tactfulD、cunning(狡猾的)标准答案：C知识点解析：暂无解析25、Theauthorurgesustobe______.A、friendlytoeverybodyB、considerateC、awareofman’sweaknessD、responsivetoothers’demands标准答案：B知识点解析：暂无解析普高专升本英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷第2套一、常规阅读(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)TundraecosystemsaretreelessregionsfoundintheArcticandonthetopsofmountains,wheretheclimateiscoldandwindyandrainfallislow.Tundralandsaresnow-coveredformostoftheyear,untilsummerbringsaburstofwildflowers.TheArctictundra,wheretheaveragetemperatureisratherlow,supportsavarietyofanimalspecies,includingArcticfoxes,polarbears,Arcticwolves,caribou,snowgeeseandmuskoxen.Thesummergrowingseasonisjust50to60days,whenthesunshines24hoursaday.Thefewplantsandanimalsthatliveintheharshconditionsofthetundraareessentiallyclingingtolife.Theyarehighlyvulnerabletoenvironmentalstresseslikereducedsnowcoverandwarmertemperaturesbroughtonbyglobalwarming.TheArctictundraischangingdramaticallyduetoglobalwarming.Already,moresouthernanimalsliketheredfoxhavemovedontothetundra.TheredfoxisnowcompetingwiththeArcticfoxforfoodandterritory.Anothermajorconcernisthatthemeltingofthepermafrost(永冻土层)iscontributingtoglobalwarming.Estimatessuggestthatabout14percentoftheEarth’scarbonistiedupinthepermafrost.Untilrecently,thetundraactedasacarbonsinkandcapturedhugeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereaspartofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Thisprocesshelpedkeeptheamountofthisgreenhousegasfromaccumulatingintheatmosphere.Today,however,asthepermafrostmeltsanddeadplantmaterialrots(腐烂)andreleasesCO2,thetundrahaschangedfromacarbonsinktoacarboncontributor.1、WhatcanwelearnabouttheanimalspecieslivingontheArctictundra?A、Theycansurviveundertheenvironmentalstressescausedbyglobalwarming.B、Theyaremovingtosouthernareasforfoodandterritory.C、Theirlivingconditionsareinfluencedbyglobalwarming.D、Theirlivinghabitsleadtoglobalwarming.标准答案：C知识点解析：根据第四段第一句“’theArctictundraischangingdramaticallydue.toglobalwarming.”可知，由于全球变暖，北极苔原发生了巨大变化，即生活在北极苔原上动物物种的生活环境受到了全球变暖的影响。故选C。2、AsforthecurrentsituationoftheArctictundra,whichofthefollowingisNOTamongtheconsequencescausedbyglobalwarming?A、Theburstofwildflowers.B、Reducedsnowcover.C、Warmertemperatures.D、Themovementoftheredfox.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据第一段最后一句“…untilsummerbringsaburstofwildflowers.”可知，在夏天苔原上会长出许多野花，所以A项不是全球变暖的结果。根据第三段最后一句“Theyarehighlyvulnerabletoenvironmentalstresseslikereducedsnowcoverandwarmertemperaturesbroughtonbyglobalwarming.”和第四段第一、二句“TheArctictundraischangingdramaticallyduetoglobalwarming.Already,moresouthernanimalsliketheredfoxhavemovedontothetundra.”可知，由于全球变暖+积雪覆盏减少，气温上升，赤狐也迁到了苔原上，所以B、C、D三项是全球变暖的结果。故选A。3、Thetundrausedtobeacarbonsinkbecause________.A、itsupportedavarietyofanimalspeciesB、itcapturedhugeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereC、thetemperaturewasextremelylowthereD、thetundraecosystemsweretreelessregions标准答案：B知识点解析：根据最后一段第三句“…thetundraactedasacarbonsinkandcapturedhugeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere…”可知，苔原在过去充当着碳汇的作用，从大气中捕获大量的二氧化碳。故选B。4、AllofthefollowingaspectsoftundraarecoveredinthispassageEXCEPT________.A、geographiclocationsB、climateconditionsC、energyresourcesD、animalspecies标准答案：C知识点解析：通读全文可知，第一段第一句介绍了苔原的地理位置和气候条件；第二段第一句介绍了苔原上的动物种类，所以A、B、D三项均符合题意。C项(能源资源)在文中并来提及。故选C。5、Youcanpossiblyfindthispassagein________.A、BusinessWeekB、TheEconomistC、NationalGeographicD、Sportslllustrated标准答案：C知识点解析：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了苔原的地理位置、气候条件、物种、现状以及面临的问题等，属于地理方面的话题。由此可推知，其有可能在《国家地理》(NationalGeographic)杂志上出现。A项意为“《商业周刊》”；B项意为“《经济学人》”；D项意为“《体育域报》”，这三项均不符合题意。故选C。InAfricaweexperienceenormousproblemsofunderdevelopment,illiteracy,massiveinternalandexternaldebts,thepopulationexplosion,highmortalityrates(死亡率),etc.Alltheseandsimilarproblemshavebeenknownforalongtimeandneednorestatement.Whatneedstobestatedisthatwhilethelargersocietytowhichonebelongsissufferingfromthesementionedproblems,thereisnowayenjoymentofindividualfreedomandhumanrightswillleadtoself-fulfillment,tofullself-realization,toalifeofdignity(尊严)andself-respect,inshort,toeconomicdevelopment.ItwillbenovaluetoanyoneinasocietytogetaPh.D.inheartsurgerywhenneighborscannotcontroldiarrhea(腹泻).Therewillbenopointinindividualfamiliespracticingfamilyplanningwhenthelargersocietyisuntouchedbysimilarconcerns.Therewillbenowayalibertarianwillrealizehischerishedvaluesinadeprivedsociety.Similarly,therewillbenowaynationalisttendenciescansucceedwhenindividualmenandwomenareweakened.DevelopmentinAfricawillhavetobebasedonacollective(集体的)effort.DavidKaulemhasgotthepoint,"TheonlythingthatcanfurthertruedevelopmentinAfricaisunity,truecommonspirit;Africawillnotbeabletobasetheirstruggleonindividualeffort."6、Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A、anewsreportB、abookreviewC、aninterviewD、aresearchpaper标准答案：D知识点解析：通读全文可知，本文先是讨论了非洲现存的欠发达、未受教育、国内外的巨额债务、人口激增、高死亡率等问题；接着讲述如果这些问题没有解决。非洲的个人自由、人权等问题就无从谈起；最后通过DavidKaulem的话总结出解决问题的办法一唯一能够促进非洲真正发展的是团结，而不是个人的努力。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自一篇研究报告。anewsreport：一篇新闻报道；abookreview：一篇书评；aninterview：一次访谈；aresearchpaper：一篇研究报告。故选D。7、Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A、Africaisahopelessplace.B、UnityisvitaltothedevelopmentofAfrica.C、TherearealotofproblemsinAfricandevelopment.D、IndividualityshouldbefocusedonAfricandevelopment.标准答案：B知识点解析：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了非洲存在的一些问题，并指出如果这些问题没有解决，个人自由、人权等问题就无从谈起，最后通过DavidKaulem的话针对非洲存在的问题提出解决办法——唯一能够促进非洲真正发展的是团结。因此，本文主要是围绕“团结对非洲的发展至关重要”展开论述的。故选B。8、Whydoestheauthormention"Ph.D.inheartsurgery"?A、ToshowthataPh.D.isveryimportantinAfrica.B、TotellusthattherearenotenoughdoctorsinAfrica.C、ToillustratethatheartdiseasesareseriousinAfrica.D、TomakeacontrasttoshowthatbasicneedsaremoreimportantinAfrica.标准答案：D知识点解析：根据文章第四句“ItwillbenovaluetoanyoneinasocietytogetaPh.D.inheartsurgerywhenneighborscannotcontroldiarrhea.”可知，当邻居连腹泻都无法控制时，获得心脏外科博士学位对社会中的任何一个人来说都是毫无价值的。作者用这样的例子来隐喻非洲的现状：如果解决不了非洲基本的生存问题，对其他问题的研究就毫无价值可言。由此可推知，作者旨在通过对比，表明在非洲基本需求更重要。故选D。9、WhatDavidKaulemsaysmeansthat________.A、collectiveeffortismoreimportantthanindividualeffortB、individualeffortismoreimportantthancollectiveeffortC、AfricawillnotsucceedwithoutindividualeffortD、tofurtherdevelopmentinAfrica,unityisnotsoimportantasindividualeffort标准答案：A知识点解析：根据文章最后一句“DavidKaulemhasgotthepoint,"TheonlythingthatcanfurthertruedevelopmentinAfricaisunity,truecommonspirit;Africawillnotbeabletobasetheirstruggleonindividualeffort…可知，DavidKaulem认为唯一能够促进非洲真正发展的是团结，而不是个人的努力。由此可推知，DavidKaulem说的话的意思是集体的努力比个人的努力更重要。故选A。10、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A、Populationcontrol.B、llliteracy.C、AIDS.D、Individualfreedom.标准答案：C知识点解析：根据文章前三句“InAfricaweexperienceenormousproblemsofunderdevelopment,illiteracy,massiveinternalandexternaldebts,thepopulationexplosion,highmortalityrates…”可知，非洲存在欠发达、未受教育、国内外的巨额债务、人口激增、高死亡率等问题，在非洲没有办法享受到个人自由和人权。文中并未提及选项C(艾滋病)。故选C。Itishardtotrackthebluewhale,theocean‘slargestcreature,whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficult,andvisualsightingsaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days,monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy’sformerlytopsecretsystemofunderwaterlisteningdevicesspanningtheoceans.TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsaftertheColdWarastheNavystartstosharepartofitsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption(爆发)forthefirsttimeandthattheyplannedsimilarstudies.Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond—slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope(听诊器)doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient’schesttoadoctor’sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.11、Thepassageischieflyabout________.A、anefforttoprotectanendangeredmarinespeciesB、thecivilianuseofamilitarydetectionsystemC、theexposureofaU.S.NavytopsecretweaponD、anewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhales标准答案：B知识点解析：通读全文可知，文章开头用追踪蓝鲸的例子说明了水下跟踪的难度很高；接下来讲述了生物学家用美国海军的水下监听绝密设备追踪了蓝鲸43天；第三、四、五段讲述了冷战之后，美国海军开始与民间科学家分享其部分水下监听系统，地球科学家用这一系统监测深海火山的爆发，其他科学家提议用该系统追踪洋流、测量海洋和全球温度的变化；最后一段阐述了这一探测技术的原理。因此，文章主要是围绕“军事探测系统的民用化”展开论述的。故选B。12、Theunderwaterlisteningsystemwasoriginallydesigned________.A、totraceandlocateenemyvesselsB、tomonitordeep-seavolcaniceruptionsC、tostudythemovementofoceancurrentsD、toreplacetheglobalradiocommunicationsnetwork标准答案：A知识点解析：根据第三段“…astheNavystartstosharepartofitsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.”可知，水下监听系统最初是为了追踪潜在敌人的船只。故选A。13、Thedeep-sealisteningsystemmakesuseof________.A、thesophisticatedtechnologyoffocusingsoundsunderwaterB、thecapabilityofsoundtotravelathighspeedC、theuniquepropertyoflayersofoceanwaterintransmittingsoundD、low-frequencysoundstravelingacrossdifferentlayersofwater标准答案：C知识点解析：根据最后一段最后两句“…differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscopedoeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient’schesttoadoctor’sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthat…canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.”可知，不同的海水层可以起到将声音集中的作用；这种集声效应是甚至相对微弱的声音能在海洋中传送数千英里的主要原因。由此可推知，深海监听系统利用了海水层在传送声音方面的独特性质。故选C。14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A、newradiodevicesshouldbedevelopedfortrackingtheendangeredbluewhalesB、bluewhalesarenolongerendangeredwiththeuseofthenewlisteningsystemC、opinionsdifferastowhethercivilianscientistsshouldbeallowedtousemilitarytechnologyD、militarytechnologyhasgreatpotentialincivilianuse标准答案：D知识点解析：文章先讲述了水下追踪蓝鲸所面临的困难，然后提到民间科学家用美国海军的水下监听绝密设备追踪蓝鲸、监测深海火山的爆发等。由此可推知，军事技术在民用化方面有很大的潜力。故选D。15、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheU.S.Navyunderwaterlisteningnetwork?A、Itisnowpartlyaccessibletocivilianscientists.B、Ithasbeenreplacedbyamoreadvancedsystem.C、ItbecameuselesstothemilitaryaftertheColdWar.D、Itisindispensableforprotectingendangeredspecies.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据第三段“…justopeningtocivilianscientistsaftertheColdWarastheNavystartstosharepartofitsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystem…”可知，冷战之后，美国海军开始和民间科学家分享其部分水下监听系统，即民间科学家现在可以使用部分美国海军的水下监听系统。其他三项在文中并未提及。故选A。Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedlethatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournervesandourbrain,wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftorture(酷刑)isbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.SomeIndianmonkscansitonabedofnails.Fakirs(苦行僧)canputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsaysthiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation(感觉),wecanhandlethepaincalmly.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.16、Theword"deadens"inParagraph1probablymeans"________".A、increasesB、restrainsC、improvesD、excites标准答案：B知识点解析：根据第一段内容可知，牙医使用医用钻头修补牙齿时会引起疼痛，所以我们要求注射药物来减弱牙齿周围的神经的感觉。由此可推知，deaden在这里意为“使(声音、感觉等)减弱，迟钝”，与restrain(抑制)的意思最相近。increase：(使)增长，增加；improve：改善；excite：刺激，使兴奋。故选B。17、Thesentence"Butwepayforoursensitivity"inthesecondparagraphmeansthat________.A、weshouldpayadebtforourfeelingB、wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomethingC、ourpainisworthwhileD、whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit标准答案：D知识点解析：在第二段中，作者主要介绍了人体中有数百万的神经，它们帮助我们察觉和适应这个世界。“Butwepayforoursensitivity”这句话起转折作用，之后作者讲到当我们身体的任何部分出现了最细微的差错时，我们都会感到疼痛。这说明了神经不仅能帮助我们察觉和适应世界，也会让我们受到疼痛的折磨。故选D。18、WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat________.A、IndiansarenotatallafraidofpainB、somepeoplemaybesenselessofpainC、somepeopleareabletohandlepainD、fakirshavemagictoavoidpain标准答案：C知识点解析：根据第三段第一句“Butthereisawaytohandlepain.”可推知，举印度苦行僧的例子是为了说明人类是有办法来应对疼痛的。而且根据第三段最后一句“…somehumanshavedevelopedtobundlepain…”也可知，C项正确。故选C。19、WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A、Thenervesplayanimportantpartinfeelingpain.B、Wecanonlyfeelpainwhenbadlywounded.C、Thedentistscandonothingtothepain.D、Everyoneshouldtryhisbesttoavoidpain.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据第二段前三句“Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnerves.…Withoutournervesandourbrain,wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.”可知，神经在感知疼痛方面发挥了重要的作用，A项正确。根据第二段倒数第二句“Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.”可知，当我们身体的任何部分出现了最细微的差错时，我们都会感到疼痛，B项错误；根据第一段最后一句“Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedlethatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.”可知，可以通过注射药物来避免疼痛，C项错误；D项在文中没有提及。故选A。20、Themostimportantthingtohandlepainishowto________.A、avoidpainB、putupwithpainC、lookatpainD、stoppain标准答案：C知识点解析：根据最后一段第一句“Thebigthinginstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.”可知，应对疼痛时最重要的是我们对它的态度。howtolookatpain是原文中ourattitudetowardit的同义替换。故选C。Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffects.Consumersmaybeconvincedtobuyaproductofpoorqualityorhighpricebecauseofanadvertisement.Forexample,someadvertisershaveappealedtopeople’sdesireforbetterfueleconomyfortheircarsbyadvertisingautomotiveproductsthatimprovegasolinemileage.Someoftheproductswork.Othersareworthlessandawasteofconsumers’money.Sometimesadvertisingisintentionallymisleading.Afewyearsagoabrandofbreadwasofferedtodieterswiththemessagethattherewerefewercaloriesineverypiece.Itturnedoutthatthebreadwasnotdietetic(低热量的),butjustregularbread.Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwasverythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.Onthepositiveside,emotionalappealmayrespondtoaconsumer’srealconcerns.Considerfireinsurance.Fireinsurancemaybesoldbyappealingtofear