人教版2019高中英语新教材必修一Unit5单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材必修一Unit

5billion

/ˈbɪljən/

n. 十亿native

/ˈneɪtɪv/

adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的

n.本地人attitude

/ˈætɪtju:d/

n. 态度；看法Itwashisoptimisticattitudeto\towardslifeandhardworkthatfinallyledhimtosuccess.reference

/ˈrefrəns/

n. 指称关系；参考refer

/rɪˈfɜ:(r)/ vi. 提到；参考；查阅

vt.查询;叫…求助于

(referred,referred,referring)referto 指的是；描述；提到；查阅(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……referto...as... 把……称作……(2)referencen. 提及；参考referencebooks 参考书语境辨义/熟词生义①Ifyoumeetwiththecharactersyoudon'tknow,youcanrefertoadictionaryorturntoothersforhelp.查阅；参考②Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.提到③Theterm“Arts”usuallyreferstohumanitiesandsocialsciences.指的是④Asthesituationwasunusual,hereferredthemattertotheeditor.把……提交给……system

/ˈsɪstəm/

n. 体系；制度；系统despite

/dɪˈspaɪt/

prep.

即使；尽管upsanddowns

浮沉；兴衰；荣辱Despitetheupsanddownsinhislife,MrBrownneverstopslearningnewthings.factor

/ˈfæktə(r)/

n.

因素；要素based

/beɪst/

adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的base

/beɪs/

vt.

以…为据点；以……为基础

n.

底部；根据(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上bebasedon/upon 以……为基础(2)basicadj. 基本的；基础的(3)basisn. 基础；根据onaregularbasis 定期onthebasisof... 根据……单句语法填空①Based(base)ontheearthquakethatstruckTangshanin1976,themovieAfterShockisextremelystriking.②Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbased(base)onskillset.③Itisremendedthatweshouldconductphysicalexaminationonaregularbasis(base)．句式升级④Thenovelwasbasedonaninterestingstoryanditwaswellworthreading.→Based_on_an_interesting_story,_thenovelwaswellworthreading.(分词短语作状语)→Thenovelbased_on_an_interesting_storywaswellworthreading.(分词短语作定语)dateback

(to...)

追溯到Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistorydatingbacktotheearlyTangDynasty.(1)datebackto＝datefrom 追溯到……gobackto 追溯到……(2)outofdate 过时的，陈旧的uptodate 最近的，新式的，现代的(3)setadatefor... 确定……的日期makeadatewithsb 与某人约会/预约单句语法填空①Chinesetea­drinkingculturehasalonghistorydating(date)backtomorethan1，000yearsago.②Dating(date)from1933,theSouthLakeParkinChangchunislocatedinthesouthwesternpartoftheChangchuncity.一句多译无“被动语态”的短语：datefrom=datebackto 追溯到②eintobeing 诞生③takeplace 发生④belongto 属于⑤eintoexistence 成立；开始存在⑥breakout 发生bone

/bəʊn/

n. 骨头；骨(质)

shell /ʃel/

n. 壳；壳状物symbol

/ˈsɪmbl/

n.

符号；象征carve

/kɑ:v/

vt.&vi

雕刻dynasty

/ˈdɪnəsti/

n. 王朝；朝代variety

/vəˈraɪəti/

n.

(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化单句语法填空/词汇(句式)升级①Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseagesvaryfrom10to15.②Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium.Ithasallkindsofwell­equippedfacilities.→Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium，which_has_varieties_of/a_variety_of_well­equipped_facilities.(升级加蓝词；定语从句)[进阶学习]系统归纳avarietyof=varietiesof种类繁多的；各种各样的(2)varyv.不同；变化；改变varyfrom...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动(3)variousadj.不同的；各种各样的forvariousreasons由于种种原因难点解释avarietyof/varietiesof既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。③Foryourvisithere,avarietyofactivitieshave_been_arranged(arrange)byfar.④Avarietyofusefulinformationis_offered(offer)onthatwebsite,andthatiswhyitissopopular.major

/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/

adj. 主要的；重要的;大的

n.主修课程；主修学生

vi.主修；专门研究根据语境选出major的含义。A．adj.主要的；重要的 B．n.主修课程；主修学生C．vi.主修；专门研究1．Atthesametime,putergamesarebeingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelopeducationalputerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.__A__2．Ilovepaintingverymuch.Istartedlearningpaintingatanearlyageandchosepaintingartandhistoryasmymajorincollege.__B__3．AsfarasIknow,MaryismajoringinFrenchatStanfordUniversity.__C__(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Infact,heencouragesmetomajorinEnglishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.②Womenarein_the_majorityinthepanywhilemenarein_the_minority.在这家公司，女性占大多数，而男性占少数。[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)majorin主修……(2)majorityn.大多数；大半a/themajorityof...大多数……inthe/amajority占多数(3)minorityn.少数inthe/aminority占少数难点解释a/themajorityof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数；若集合名词视为个体，则谓语动词用复数。③Themajorityofthelandhas_been_destroyed(destroy)sofar.④Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswere(be)reallyfunny.nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.

不论……；不管……

Nomatterwhich/Whichevertouristattractionyouvisit,you'dbettereatvariouslocalfoodandexperiencelocalculturesandcustoms.无论你参观哪个旅游景点，你最好去吃各种当地小吃，体验当地的文化和风俗。(nomatter＋特殊疑问词)dialect /'daɪəlekt/

n. 地方话；方言means

/mi:nz/

n. 方式；方法；途径(1)bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof 借助……手段byallmeans 一定，务必；当然可以bynomeans 决不(2)ameansofmunication 一种交际工具单句语法填空①Everypossiblemeanshas_been_used(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.②Allpossiblemeanshave_been_used(use)tostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.③Studentsbuilduptheirvocabulariesbymeansofreadingmore.微写作④你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好餐桌礼仪的一种方式。Andyou'dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance,whichisalso_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners.classic

/ˈklæsɪk/

adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的

n.经典作品；名著regard

/rɪˈgɑ:d/

n. 尊重；关注

vt.把……视为；看待character

/'kærəktə(r)/

n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点calligraphy

/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

n. 书法；书法艺术global

/'gləʊbəl/

adj. 全球的；全世界的affair

/əˈfeə(r)/

n. 公共事务；事件；关系appreciate

/ə'pri:ʃieɪt/

vt.

欣赏；重视；感激；领会

vi.增值(1)appreciate＋名词/代词/动词­ing形式 重视/感激……Iwouldappreciateitif... 如果……，我将不胜感激[联想]当appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/relyon等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it作形式宾语，然后再接宾语从句。appreciate＋that/wh­从句 理解/意识到……(2)express/conveyone'sappreciationtosb 向某人表达感激之情单句语法填空①Iappreciatebeing_given(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourpanytwoyearsago.②Frommypointofview,weshouldlearnto_appreciate(appreciate)lifeandholdapositiveattitudedespitetheupsanddowns.③I'mwritingtoexpressmyappreciation(appreciate)forwhatyoudidformeduringmystayinLondon.④如果你愿意帮助我们，我将非常感激。→I'd_appreciate_it_if_youarewillingtogiveahelpinghandtous.(appreciate)→I_would_be_very_grateful_ifyouarewillingtodousafavour.(grateful)specific

/spəˈsɪfɪk/

adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的CE

/ˌsi:

ˈi:/

(monEra)

公元struggle

/ˈstrʌgl/

n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗(1)strugglefor... 为……而斗争strugglewith/againstsb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争struggletodosth 努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet 挣扎着站起来(2)Itisastruggle(forsb)todosth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事单句语法填空①Atpresent,Chinahastostruggleagainst/withallkindsofdifficultiesathomeandabroad.②Somefarmerswouldliketoleavetheirhometownandgotoworkincities,struggling_to_provide(provide)bettereducationfortheirchildren.③在短片中，你可以了解到我校一直在为更美好的未来而努力。Intheshortfilm,youcanlearnthatmyschoolhasbeenstruggling_for_a_better_future．tongue /tʌŋ/

n. 舌头；语言pointofview 观点；看法semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/

n. 学期gas

/ɡæs/

n. 汽油；气体；燃气petrol

/'petrəl/

n.

(NAmE

gas)

汽油subway

/'sʌbweɪ/

n. (BrE

underground)

地铁apartment

/ə'pɑ:tmənt/

n. (especiallyNAmE)

公寓套房pants /pænts/

n.

[pl.](BrE

)内裤；短裤；(especiallyNAmE

)裤子beg

/beg/

vt.

恳求；祈求；哀求equal

/'i:kwəl/

n. 同等的人；相等物

adj.

相同的；同样的(1)beequalto(doing)sth 胜任(做)某事(2)equalsb/sthin(doing)sth 在(做)某事上比得过(3)havenoequal＝withoutequal 无与伦比(4)equalityn. 平等；相等equallyadv. 相等地；同等地；同样地单句语法填空①I'mnotsurewhetherheisequaltothetask,butIstillchoosetobelievehim.②Inmyheart,MichaelJordaniswithoutequalinplayingbasketball.③FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheis_equally(equal)interestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.④我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。IamconvincedthatIam_equal_to_being_a_volunteerfortheChinesepaintingexhibition.gap

/gæp/

n. 间隔；开口；差距demand

/dɪˈmɑ:nd/

n. 要求；需求

vt.

强烈要求；需要

vi.查问(1)bein(great)demand (迫切)需求mee