2023-2024学年河南省豫南名校高三下第二次质量检测英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省豫南名校2023-2024学年高三下第二次质量检测英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture,trytheseawesomeofferingsatthefollowingplacesinChinatownSingaporeduringtheFiveFootWayFestival2024,whichwilllastfrom9to17March,2024.ChinatownVisitorCentreStartanexcitingjourneywithustoexplorethefascinatingtraditionalChineseweddingsandmodernadaptations.HereyouwillalsohavethechancetotrytraditionalCantoneseweddingcakes.Don’tmissthisuniqueopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingandappreciationofChineseculture!Time:16March.11:00-12:30Ticket:$15.00XinShengPoetsSocietyThemastersandstudentsfromXinShengPoetsSociety’scalligraphygrouparepresentingacalligraphyworkshop.SignupnowtoexperiencethebeautyoftheirwrittenChinesecharactersandtakehomeyourownwork.Time:10March,14:00-16:00Ticket:$18.00PingShehOpenHouseComeandjoinourworkshoptoexplorethecostumesandmake-upsofSheng,Dan,Jing,andChou—thebasicrolesofPekingOpera.UnderstandingthedesignsandtheirsymbolicmeaningsiscrucialforappreciatingthePekingOperaperformances.Duringourinteractivesession,you’lllearnthebasicskillsofPekingOpera—singingandacting.Getreadytoenjoyatrulyuniqueexperience!Time:10March,14:00-16:00Ticket:$20.00TheatreCircleTeahousePreparetodiveintoCantoneseOperathroughourprofessionalworkshops.Toenhanceyourexperience,wewillwrapuptheeveningwithaCantoneseOperaperformanceledbyaveryfamousactress,MsHuGuiXin.Time:15March.14:00-15:00Ticket:$32.001.WhenwilltheFiveFootwayFestivalstart?A.On9March. B.On10March. C.On16March. D.On17March.2.HowmuchshouldeachvisitorpayfortheChinese-character-writingactivity?A.$15.00. B.$18.00. C.$20.00. D.$32.00.3.Whatcanvisitorsdoatthelasttwoplaces?A.TrysomefamousChineseteas. B.WatchPekingOperaperformances.C.Studybasicpoem-writingskills. D.LearnabouttraditionalChineseoperas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年在新加坡唐人街举行的五尺道节的一些活动内容和时间。〖答案〗1.A2.B3.D【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“IfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture,trytheseawesomeofferingsatthefollowingplacesinChinatownSingaporeduringtheFiveFootwayFestival2024,whichwilllastfrom9to17March,2024.”（如果你想更多地了解中国传统文化，在2024年五尺路节期间，在新加坡唐人街的以下地方尝试这些令人敬畏的产品，该活动将从2024年3月9日持续到3月17日）可知，五尺道节将从3月9日开始。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章XinShengPoetsSociety标题下“ThemastersandstudentsfromXinShengPoetsSociety’scalligraphygrouparepresentingacalligraphyworkshop.SignupnowtoexperiencethebeautyoftheirwrittenChinesecharactersandtakehomeyourownwork.(新生诗社书法组的老师和学生正在进行书法工作坊。现在就报名，体验他们的汉字之美，并把你自己的作品带回家。)”和“Ticket:$18.00”（票价：18.00美元）可知，参加汉字书法活动的费用是18.00美元。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据PingShehOpenHouse标题下“Duringourinteractivesession,you’lllearnthebasicskillsofPekingOpera—singingandacting.”（在我们的互动环节中，您将学习京剧演唱和表演的基本技巧。）和TheatreCircleTeahouse中的“Toenhanceyourexperience,wewillwrapuptheeveningwithaCantoneseOperaperformanceledbyaveryfamousactress,MsHuGuiXin.”（为了增加您的体验，我们将以著名女演员胡桂欣女士的粤剧表演结束晚会。）可知，在最后两个地方游客都能学习中国传统戏剧。故选D。BTheUnitedKingdomishostingtheAISafetySummit,bringingpoliticians,computerscientistsandbigAIcompanyleaderstoasitechosenforitssymbolism:BletchleyPark,thebirthplaceofcomputingandcode-breaking(密码破译).DuringWorldWarII,agroupofmathematicians,chessmastersandotherexpertsgatheredattheVictoriancountryhouse72kilometersnorthwestofLondontostartasecretwaragainstNaziGermany.TheirgoalwastobreakasetofconstantlychangingcodesproducedbyNaziGermany’sEnigmamachine.Todoit,BletchleyPark’swartimescientists—buildingonworkdonebyPolishcode-breakers—developedColossus,thefirstprogrammabledigitalcomputer.Somehistorianssaycrackingthecodehelpedshortenthewarbyuptotwoyears.“IthasoversimplifieditstruecontributionbydescribingBletchleyParkasaplaygroundforTuringandotherscientists.”saidhistorianChrisSmith,authorofTheHiddenHistoryofBletchleyPark.“Althoughitfitsintotheromanticideathatagroupofsmartmenwithabitofwoolandsomeyardsofwirecanwinthewar.Infact,almost10,000peopleworkedatBletchleyParkduringthewar.Threequartersofthemwerewomen.It’sbasicallyafactory...Twenty-fourhoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Whenpeacecame,thecode-breakersreturnedtocivilianlifeandpromisedtokeepsecretabouttheirwartimework.Itwasnotuntilthe1970sthattheworkatBletchleyParkbecamewidelyknowninBritain.”In1994,thesiteopenedasamuseum,afterlocalhistoriansbandedtogethertopreventitfrombeingpulleddowntobuildasupermarket.Itwasrestoredtoits1940sappearance,completewitholdtypewriters,phonesandcups—includingtheonetiedtoaheaterinHut8,whereTuringledtheEnigmateam.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutColossus?A.ItwasinventedbyNaziGermany.B.Itwasdesignedtosendsecretmessages.C.Polishcode-breakersalsomadeacontributiontoit.D.Theproject’sgoalwastoproducethefirstcomputer.5.WhatdidChrisSmithmostprobablyimply?A.Women’shardworkwasoverlooked. B.Thesecretshouldnotbekeptforsolong.C.Thecomputeroughttobemorepowerful. D.Itissillytosaythemachineshortenedthewar.6.Whyisthecupmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tohighlightthegovernment’ssupport. B.Toshowtheperfectrestorationofthesite.C.TostressTuring’simportantroleintheproject. D.Totellthedifficultyincollectingthelostitems.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvocatewomen’sequalrightswithmen.B.Toadvertiseanewlyrestoredcomputermuseum.C.Toshowthesignificanceofanimportantmeeting.D.ToaddsomebackgroundtotheAIsafetymeeting.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年英国举办AI安全峰会，选址具有象征意义的布莱切利公园——计算机与密码破译发源地，回顾二战期间该地数千工作者，包括多数女性，对破译纳粹德国防御代码、加速战争结束的重要贡献，并提及该地作为博物馆的保存历程。〖答案〗4.C5.A6.B7.D【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Todoit,BletchleyPark’swartimescientists—buildingonworkdonebyPolishcode-breakers—developedColossus,thefirstprogrammabledigitalcomputer.(为了实现这一目标，布莱切利公园的战时科学家们在波兰密码破译人员的基础上，开发了第一台可编程数字计算机“Colossus”。)”可知，波兰密码破译者对Colossus的开发做出了贡献。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“IthasoversimplifieditstruecontributionbydescribingBletchleyParkasaplaygroundforTuringandotherscientists.(它把布莱切利公园描述成图灵和其他科学家的游乐场，这过于简化了它的真正贡献。)”和“Infact,almost10,000peopleworkedatBletchleyParkduringthewar.Threequartersofthemwerewomen.It’sbasicallyafactory...Twenty-fourhoursaday,sevendaysaweek.(事实上，战争期间有近一万人在布莱切利公园工作。其中四分之三是女性。它基本上就是一个工厂……一天二十四小时，一周七天。)”可推断，ChrisSmith认为女性的付出被忽视了。故选A。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itwasrestoredtoits1940sappearance,completewitholdtypewriters,phonesandcups—includingtheonetiedtoaheaterinHut8,whereTuringledtheEnigmateam.(它被恢复到20世纪40年代的样子，里面有旧打字机、电话和杯子，包括图灵领导的谜机团队所在的8号营房里的一个加热器。)”可知，作者提到茶杯这一细节是为了说明复原工作做得非常到位。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“TheUnitedKingdomishostingtheAISafetySummit,bringingpoliticians,computerscientistsandbigAIcompanyleaderstoasitechosenforitssymbolism:BletchleyPark,thebirthplaceofcomputingandcode-breaking(密码破译).(英国正在主办人工智能安全峰会，将政治家、计算机科学家和大型人工智能公司的领导人聚集在一个具有象征意义的地点:布莱切利公园，计算和密码破译的发源地。)”可知，文章主要是为读者提供一些有关AI安全峰会举办地的背景知识。故选D。CKeithPaynerealizedhewaspoorforthefirsttimewhenhewasinthefourthgrade.Theawarenesscametohimwhenanewlunchladyinthecafeteriaaskedhimtopayforhislunch.“Previously,thelunchladyhadjustwavedmeonbecauseI’dalwaysbeenonfreelunch,”hesays.“Butthisnewladydidn’tknowhowthingsworked,anditwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenaskedtopayformylunch.”Itwasanagonizingmomentandallofasudden,herealizedwhyhegotfreelunchwhilemanyofhisclassmateswerepayingfortheirmealseveryday.“It’snotlikeIwaspoorerthedayafterthatthanIwasbefore.Nothingobjectivehadchanged.Butbecauseofthatsubjectiveawareness,Ibeganconstantlycomparingmyselfwithmyclassmatesandfeltreallyunhappy,”hesays.KeithPayneisnowasocialpsychologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandshareshowtheawarenessofinequalityaffectsthewaythatbothourmindsandourbodiesrespond.“Aswewalkthroughtheworld,itisverynaturalforustocompareourliveswiththoseofothers.Wethinkaboutourselvesintermsofbeingonacertainladder(梯子)withsomepeopleaboveusanditcancauseseriouspsychologicalconsequences,”hesays.Oneisthatitmakesusmorewillingtoseekoutrisksandengageinhigh-risk,high-rewardsortofbehaviors.Itaffectsusinwaysthataresimilartophysicalthreats.“ButIthinktherearewiserandlesswisewaystomakethosesocialcomparisons,”hesays.“Upwardsocialcomparisonsfeelterrible,buttheycanbemotivating.Downwardsocialcomparisonsfeelgreat,andyettheycanbedemotivating.SooneofthethingsIrecommendisthatwecanbemorestrategicinmakingupwardanddownloadsocialcomparisons,neitheroneisgoodinitself.Itjustdependsonwhatyourgoalis.”8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“agonizing”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Painful. B.Brief. C.Important. D.Happy.9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthestory?A.Poorpeopleshouldbetreatedequally.B.Hewantstoblamethenewlunchlady.C.Therewerealotofpoorpeopleinhiscountry.D.Wecanbeinfluencedbytheawarenessofinequality.10.WhatdoesKeithPaynefeelaboutmakingsocialcomparisons?A.Unimportant. B.Acceptable. C.Annoying. D.Unnecessary.11.WhatwillKeithPaynemostprobablyadviseustodoifwefeelstressed?A.Talktopsychologistsimmediately. B.Hangoutwithtopperformers.C.Comparewithlesssuccessfulpersons. D.Stayaloneandenjoyourselves.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个自我调适的策略：需要鞭策自己时，往上比；需要自我减压时，往下比。〖答案〗8.A9.D10.B11.C【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后“herealizedwhyhegotfreelunchwhilemanyofhisclassmateswerepayingfortheirmealseveryday.(他明白了为什么他的午餐是免费的，而他的许多同学每天都要付钱。)”及第四段中““It’snotlikeIwaspoorerthedayafterthatthanIwasbefore.Nothingobjectivehadchanged.Butbecauseofthatsubjectiveawareness.Ibeganconstantlycomparingmyselfwithmyclassmatesandfeltreallyunhappy,”hesays.(他说：“这并不是说我第二天比以前更穷了。目标没有改变。但由于这种主观意识，我开始不断地把自己和同学比较，感到非常不开心。”)”可推断，那一刻，KeithPayne感到很痛苦，因为他意识到自己比别人穷。A.Painful痛苦的；B.Brief简明的；C.Important重要的；D.Happy快乐的。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“KeithPayneisnowasocialpsychologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandshareshowtheawarenessofinequalityaffectsthewaythatbothourmindsandourbodiesrespond.(KeithPayne现在是北卡罗莱纳大学的社会心理学家，他分享了对不平等的认识如何影响我们的思想和身体的反应方式。)”可知，我们可能会受到不平等意识的影响。故选D。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段中“Aswewalkthroughtheworld,itisverynaturalforustocompareourliveswiththoseofothers.(当我们在这个世界上行走时，我们很自然地会将自己的生活与他人的生活进行比较。)”可推断，KeithPayne认为“人比人”很正常，这是可接受的。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“SooneofthethingsIrecommendisthatwecanbemorestrategicinmakingupwardanddownloadsocialcomparisons.Neitheroneisgoodinitself.Itjustdependsonwhatyourgoalis.(所以我的建议之一是，我们可以更有策略地进行向上和向下的社交比较，这两者本身都不好。这取决于你的目标是什么。)”可推断，感到很灰心时，他很可能会建议我们“往下比”，给自己减压。故选C。DThenumberofuniversitieshasgrownveryfastinrecentdecades.Higher-educationinstitutionsacrosstheworldnowemploy15millionresearchers,upfrom4millionin1980.Governmentsarealsohappytospendonhighereducationbecauseitissupposedtoproducescientificbreakthroughsthatcanbeavailabletoall.Intheory,therefore,universitiesshouldbeanexcellentsourceofproductivitygrowth.Inpractice,however,theproductivityhassloweddownduringthelastdecades.Inthe1950sand1960s,workers’outputperhouracrosstherichworldroseby4%ayear.Butinthelastdecade,1%ayearwasthenorm.Evenwiththewaveofinnovationinartificialintelligence(AI),productivitygrowthremainsweak—lessthan1%ayear,whichisbadnewsforeconomicgrowth.AnewpaperbyAshishAroraandhisteamsuggeststhatuniversities’rapidgrowthandtherichworld’sslowdownproductivitycouldbetwosidesofthesamecoin.Thepapersuggeststhatscientificbreakthroughsfrompublicinstitutions“causedlittleornoresponsefrombusinesses”overanumberofyears.Ascientistinauniversitylabmightpublishbrilliantpaperafterbrilliantpaper.Often,however,thishasnoimpactoncorporations’ownpatents,withlifesciencesbeingtheexception.Andthis,inturn,pointstoasmallimpactontheoverallproductivity.Whydocompaniesstruggletouseideasproducedbyuniversities?Thepapersaysthat,freefromthedemandsofthemarket,researchersinuniversitylabsfocusmoreonsatisfyingtheircuriositythanfindingbreakthroughsthatwillchangetheworldormakemoney.“Tosomedegree,suchkindofresearchisnotabadthing;somebreakthroughtechnologies,suchaspenicillin,werediscoveredalmostbyaccident,”itwrites,“Butifeveryoneisdoingthat,theeconomysuffers.”Perhaps,withtime,universitiesandthebusinessworldwillworktogethermoretightly.Toughercompetitioncouldforcebusinessestobeefuptheirinternalresearch.Infact,researchersincompanies’labs,ratherthanuniversities,aredrivingthecurrentAIinnovations.Atsomepoint,governmentswillneedtoaskthemselveshardquestions.Inaworldofweakeconomicgrowth,hugespendingonuniversitiesmaycometoseemanunjustifiableluxury.12.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theweakeconomyaroundtheglobe. B.Universities’contributiontoemployment.C.Governments’spendingonhighereducation. D.Theslowproductivitygrowthintherichworld.13.Whichofthefollowingisbenefitingfromuniversitylabs’breakthroughs?A.Theinvestors. B.Theworkers. C.Lifesciences. D.Alindustries.14.Whatdoesthenewpaperimplyabouttheresearchersinuniversitylabs?A.Theyareveryeagertomakemoremoney. B.Theyarelessconcernedaboutapplications.C.Theyusuallyfindbreakthroughsbyaccident. D.Theyshouldbeleftalonetodotheirresearch.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AStudySuggestsUniversitiesFailtoIncreaseProductivityB.UniversitiesandtheBusinessWorldMayWorkTogetherSoonC.ItIsImportantforCompanies’LabstoLeadtheAIInnovationD.ItIsaBigWastetoSpendSoMuchMoneyonHigherEducation【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了最新研究发现高等教育未能推动生产力的增长。〖答案〗12.D13.C14.B15.A【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inpractice,however,theproductivityhassloweddownduringthelastdecades.Inthe1950sand1960s,workers’outputperhouracrosstherichworldroseby4%ayear.Butinthelastdecade,1%ayearwasthenorm.Evenwiththewaveofinnovationinartificialintelligence(AI),productivitygrowthremainsweak—lessthan1%ayear,whichisbadnewsforeconomicgrowth.(然而，在实践中，生产力在过去的几十年里已经放缓。在20世纪50年代和60年代，发达国家工人每小时的产出每年增长4%。但在过去十年中，每年1%是常态。即使有了人工智能的创新浪潮，生产率增长仍然疲软——每年不到1%，这对经济增长来说是个坏消息)”可知，这组数据是主要说明富裕国家生产力的发展速度正在放缓的事实。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ascientistinauniversitylabmightpublishbrilliantpaperafterbrilliantpaper.Often,however,thishasnoimpactoncorporations’ownpatents,withlifesciencesbeingtheexception.Andthis,inturn,pointstoasmallimpactontheoverallproductivity.(大学实验室里的科学家可能会发表一篇又一篇辉煌的论文。然而，这通常对公司自己的专利没有影响，生命科学除外。反过来，这对整体生产力的影响很小)”可知，生命科学得益于大学实验室的突破。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thepapersaysthat,freefromthedemandsofthemarket,researchersinuniversitylabsfocusmoreonsatisfyingtheircuriositythanfindingbreakthroughsthatwillchangetheworldormakemoney.(论文说，由于不受市场需求的约束，大学实验室的研究人员更多地关注于满足自己的好奇心，而不是寻找能够改变世界或赚钱的突破)”可推断，这些大学研究人员并不太关心研究成果的实用性，更多地关注于满足自己的好奇心。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段“AnewpaperbyAshishAroraandhisteamsuggeststhatuniversities’rapidgrowthandtherichworld’sslowdownproductivitycouldbetwosidesofthesamecoin.Thepapersuggeststhatscientificbreakthroughsfrompublicinstitutions“causedlittleornoresponsefrombusinesses”overanumberofyears.

(AshishArora和他的团队的一篇新论文表明，大学的快速增长和富裕国家生产率的放缓可能是同一枚硬币的两面。这篇论文表明，多年来，公共机构的科学突破‘很少或根本没有引起企业的反应’。)”可知，文章主要说明了最新研究发现高等教育的发展未能如期推动生产力的增长。A选项“一项研究表明大学未能提高生产力”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’soneoflife’ssimplepleasurestotakeinthenicesmelloffreshapples,ortobiteintojuicytomatoesburstingwithsweetnessandflavor.____16____.Fortunately,therearesometried-and-truemethodsthatcanhelpyoumaximizethetasteandshelf-lifeofyourfruitsandvegetables.Havingalookattheproduceinyourlocalgrocerystore,youmightnoticethatalotofproductsarewrappedinplastic.Butmanyofthem,likemushrooms,areabout70to90percentwater.____17____.Soyoushouldtransferthemtoapaperbagassoonasyougethome.Apaperbagcreatesdrierconditionsandcanslowdowntheagingprocess.____18____.Forexample,tomatoesareusuallyharvestedunripened,sothatbetweenthefarmandgrocerystoretheyripenovertime.Therefore,puttingfullyripenedtomatoesinthefridgecankeepthemfresherandextendtheirshelf-life.Takenoteofwhatfoodsyou’restoringtogether.Alotoffruitsandvegetablesreleaseethylene,acolorlessgasthatoccursnaturallyinproduceandisknownasthe“fruitripeninghormone”.____19____.Tomatoesarealsoethyleneproducingheavyweights.Ifnearbyvegetableslikecarrots,broccoli,andcucumbersareexposedtothegas,theywillagemuchfastertogether.____20____.A.Therefore,itisbettertoputthemonthecounterB.Themostwell-knownethyleneproducersarebananasandapplesC.That’swhyit’simportanttokeepthesefruitsandvegetablesseparate.D.Ifyoustoretheminaconstantlywetenvironment,theywillrotveryfastE.CookyourfoodincorrectlyandyoumightendupthrowingitintothetrashcanF.ButkeepingthemfreshoncetheyreachyourhomeiswheretherealchallengebeginsG.Forsomefruits,howripetheyarewhenpickeddetermineswheretheyshouldbekept【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了果蔬保鲜需注意的几个问题。〖答案〗16.F17.D18.G19.B20.C【16题详析】根据上文“It’soneoflife’ssimplepleasurestotakeinthenicesmelloffreshapples,ortobiteintojuicytomatoesburstingwithsweetnessandflavor.(闻一闻新鲜苹果的香味，或者咬一口香甜可口的多汁西红柿，这是生活中最简单的乐趣之一)”可知，空前谈到能吃到新鲜可口的水果的乐趣，空后则话锋一转：“幸好，我们有一些非常成熟的保鲜方法”，故F项“但是，水果买到家如何保鲜才是挑战的开始”正好起到了过渡作用。故选F。【17题详析】根据空前“Butmanyofthem,likemushrooms,areabout70to90percentwater.(但它们中的许多，比如蘑菇，大约70%到90%是水)”及空后“Soyoushouldtransferthemtoapaperbagassoonasyougethome.Apaperbagcreatesdrierconditionsandcanslowdowntheagingprocess.(所以你应该一到家就把它们装进纸袋里。纸袋可以创造更干燥的环境，可以减缓老化过程)”可知，本句主要说明会导致水果快速腐烂的情况，故D项“如果你把它们持续放在潮湿的环境中，它们会很快腐烂”符合。故选D。【18题详析】根据后文“Forexample,tomatoesareusuallyharvestedunripened,sothatbetweenthefarmandgrocerystoretheyripenovertime.Therefore,puttingfullyripenedtomatoesinthefridgecankeepthemfresherandextendtheirshelf-life.(例如，西红柿通常是在未成熟的情况下收获的，因此在农场和杂货店之间，它们会随着时间的推移而成熟。因此，把完全成熟的西红柿放在冰箱里可以保持它们更新鲜，延长它们的保质期)”可知，后文的例子表明果蔬需要根据成熟度决定存放地点，故G项“采摘时果蔬的成熟度将决定它们的存放地点”适合作本段的主题句。故选G。【19题详析】根据空后“Tomatoesarealsoethyleneproducingheavyweights.(西红柿也是产生乙烯的重量级作物)”可知，空项一定提到了一些会产生ethylene气体的水果，B选项“最著名的乙烯生产者是香蕉和苹果”符合语境，故选B。【20题详析】根据空前“Ifnearbyvegetableslikecarrots,broccoli,andcucumbersareexposedtothegas,theywillagemuchfastertogether.(如果附近的蔬菜，如胡萝卜、西兰花和黄瓜暴露在气体中，它们会更快地老化)”可知，本句承接上文，总结果蔬分开存放的原因。故C项“这就是这些果蔬必须分开存放的原因”符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenitcomestoherpassionfortravel,LuisaYudoesn’ttake“no”forananswer.Ifshedid,shemightnothave____21____thebeautifulbeachesinSomaliaatage77.“Everyonesaid,‘Don’tgotoSomalia.That’s____22____.’”YutoldNPR“IfIwanttogosomewhere,nobodycan____23____me.Ilikechallenge—it’smoreexciting.”Thankstoher____24____,the79-year-oldhasnowtraveledtoall193countries,agoalshe’s____25____formorethan50years.Yucaughtthetravelpassion____26____.GrowingupinthePhilippines,shewasinspiredbythemoviesshewatchedasakid.Shemadeuphermindtovisitthenaturallandscapesshesawon____27____.“Isawallthebeautifullakesandwildanimals,”shesaid.“That’showIstarteddreamingthatonedayIwasgoingtoseethe____28____.”Herfirststepin____29____thatdreamcameinherearly20s,whenshearrivedintheUSasanexchangestudent.DuringherstayintheUS,she_____30_____thecountrybybike.Theround-the-worldtravelwasn’t_____31_____.Shewaited15yearstogethergreencardtobeabletotravelinternationally.Thereweretimeswhensheworkedasmanyasthreejobsatatimetosaveupenoughmoneyfor_____32_____.Eventually,shebecameapart-timetravelagent,whichofferedhermorefreedomandopportunitiestoseedifferentplaces,including_____33_____tocountriesthataretoodifficultfortouriststovisit.The_____34_____traveler’sadviceforus?“Don’twaitforanybody,”shesaid.“Ifyoukeeponwaiting,itwillnever_____35_____.”21.A.missed B.bought C.protected D.enjoyed22.A.pretty B.dangerous C.cheap D.close23.A.stop B.hire C.invite D.help24.A.determination B.youth C.wealth D.assistance25.A.givenup B.dreamedof C.reliedon D.carriedout26.A.recently B.instantly C.early D.eventually27.A.air B.screen C.time D.vacation28.A.film B.performance C.people D.world29.A.realizing B.revealing C.changing D.repeating30.A.investigated B.found C.explored D.passed31.A.rewarding B.exciting C.affordable D.easy32.A.books B.trips C.studies D.medicines33.A.access B.attachment C.devotion D.attraction34.A.scared B.tired C.experienced D.bored35.A.fail B.recover C.grow D.happen【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了79岁的老人LuisaYu环球旅行的故事以及她对旅行的看法。〖答案〗21.D22.B23.A24.A25.B26.C27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.C35.D【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果她这样做，她可能不会在77岁的时候欣赏到索马里美丽的海滩。A.missed错过；B.bought买；C.protected保护；D.enjoyed喜欢，享受，欣赏。根据上文“travel”以及下文“thebeautifulbeachesinSomaliaatage77”可知，在77岁的时候欣赏到索马里美丽的海滩。故选D项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很危险。A.pretty漂亮的；B.dangerous危险的；C.cheap便宜的；D.close亲密的。根据上文“Don’tgotoSomalia”以及常识可知，索马里很危险。故选B项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我想去某个地方，没有人能阻止我。A.stop停止；B.hire雇佣；C.invite邀请；D.help帮助。根据下文“Ilikechallenge—it’smoreexciting”可知，没有人能阻止LuisaYu。故选A项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了她的决心，这位79岁的老人现在已经走遍了193个国家，这是她50多年来梦寐以求的目标。A.determination决心；B.youth青年；C.wealth财富；D.assistance帮助。根据上文“IfIwanttogosomewhere,nobodycan_______me.”可知，这是她的决心。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A.givenup放弃；B.dreamedof梦想；C.reliedon依赖；D.carriedout实施。根据下文“formorethan50years”以及“dreaming”可知，这是她50多年来梦寐以求的目标。故选B项。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Yu很早就发现了旅行的热情。A.recently最近地；B.instantly立即；C.early早地；D.eventually最终。根据下文“GrowingupinthePhilippines,shewasinspiredbythemoviesshewatchedasakid.Shemadeuphermindtovisitthenaturallandscapes”可知，Yu很早就发现了旅行的热情。故选C项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定去参观她在屏幕上看到的自然景观。A.air空气；B.screen屏幕；C.time时间；D.vacation假期。根据上文“GrowingupinthePhilippines,shewasinspiredbythemoviesshewatchedasakid.”可知，她决定去参观她在屏幕上看到的自然景观。故选B项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，我开始梦想有一天我要去看看这个世界。A.film电影；B.performance表演C.people人；D.world世界。根据上文“all193countries”可知，梦想有一天我要去看看这个世界。故选D项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她实现这个梦想的第一步是在她20岁出头的时候，当时她作为交换学生来到美国。A.realizing实现；B.revealing揭露；C.changing改变；D.repeating重复。根据下文“whenshearrivedintheUSasanexchangestudent.”可知，她实现这个梦想的第一步是在她20岁出头的时候。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在美国逗留期间，她骑自行车探索了这个国家。A.investigated调查；B.found发现；C.explored探索；D.passed通过。20岁出头的时候第一次来美国，所以是探索了这个国家。故选C项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：环球旅行并不容易。A.rewarding值得的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.affordable支付得起的；D.easy容易的。根据下文“Shewaited15yearstogethergreencardtobeabletotravelinternationally.”可知，环球旅行并不容易。故选D项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了攒够旅行的钱，她有时会同时做三份工作。A.books书籍；B.trips旅行；C.studies学习；D.medicines药。根据上下文中的“travel”可知，攒钱是为了旅行。故选B项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，她成为了一名兼职旅行社代理，这给了她更多的自由和机会去看不同的地方，包括去那些对游客来说太难去的国家。A.access入口，通道，获得的机会；B.attachment附加设备，附属物；C.devotion挚爱，忠诚；D.attraction吸引。根据上文“shebecameapart-timetravelagent”可知，她成为了一名兼职旅行社代理，这给了她更多的自由和机会去看不同的地方，包括去那些对游客来说太难去的国家。故选A项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有经验的旅行者给我们的建议是什么。A.scared害怕的；B.tired疲惫的；C.experienced有经历的；D.bored厌烦的。根据上文“the79-year-oldhasnowtraveledtoall193countries”可知，LuisaYu是有经验的旅行者。故选C项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你继续等待，它永远不会发生。A.fail失败；B.recover恢复；C.grow种植；D.happen发生。根据上文“Ifyoukeeponwaiting”可知，继续等待，旅行永远不会发生。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)todayannouncedthe2023ChampionsoftheEarth.____36____(honor)intheEntrepreneurialVisioncategorythisyear,theBlueCircleofChina,whichinvolvesmorethan6.000individualsandover200companiesfromChina’seasternprovinceofZhejiang,hasemployedblock-chaintechnologyandtheInternetofThings____37____(track)andmonitorthefulllife-cycleofplasticpollution.Ithasalreadycollectedover10,700tonsofabandonedplasticsfromthesea,making____38____China’slargestmarineplasticwasteprogram.“Toprotectourplanet,wemustfindinnovativewaystoreducetheamountofplasticwaste,”saidIngerAndersen,ExecutiveDirectorofUNEP.“Oneofthisyear’sChampionsoftheEarth,BlueCircleofChina,hasfoundaverygood____39____(solve)todealwiththeproblem.”Plastichastransformedeverydaylifeandproducedmany____40____(benefit)tosociety.Buttheworld____41____(turn)outaround430milliontonsofplasticeveryyear,twothirdsof____42____quicklybecomeswaste.Theaddictiontoplasticshascreatedwhatexpertscallanenvironmentaldisaster.Everyyear,upto23milliontonsofplasticwastegoesintolakes,riversandseas.By2040,carbonemissionsassociatedwiththeproduction,useanddisposalofplasticscouldaccount____43____nearlyonefifthofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Chemicalsinplasticcanalsocausehealthproblemsinhumans.UNEP’sChampionsoftheEarthhonorsindividuals,groupsandorganizationswhoseactionshavea____44____(significance)impactontheenvironment.TheannualChampionsoftheEarthawardistheUN’s____45____(high)environmentalhonour.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年，中国浙江的“蓝点海洋塑料垃圾回收项目”荣获了联合国颁发的“地球卫士奖”。〖答案〗36.Honored37.totrack38.it39.solution40.benefits41.turns42.which43.for44.significant