2024年牛津深圳版英语中考语法专项第六讲中考易混动词辨析讲义

第六讲中考易混动词辨析教学内容：1．意义相近动词的用法区别。2．常用动词习惯用法3．跟踪巩固练习一．join，takepartin，attend三个词都表示"参加"Join一般指加入"党派"或组织,如参军，入党等takepartin只参加聚会活动；attend一般指出席会议。Whendidyoubrotherjointhearmy.We'lltakepartinsocialpracticeduringthesummervacation.He'llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.二．takeplace，happen1).takeplace表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.TheOlympicGamesof2008willtakeplaceinBeijing.2).happen作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如：Whathappenedtoyou?(一般不说：Whatdidyouhappen?)Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome.=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.三．hear与listen听者两不同hear是瞬间行为动词，指听见某人说话或者做事发出的声音，即听的结果（指已听见了）。Listen指有意识的去听，即听的过程，是延续性不及物动词，常用Listento(doing)sth.。比较：Ilistenedhard,butcouldhearnothing.我努力听，但什么也没听见。hearof,hearabout,hearfrom,hearthat1.hearof(=hearabout)指(间接地)听说、听到，宾语可用名词、代词、动名词及what从句。如：Iheardof(about)thenews.我听说过此消息。2.hearfrom指收到……来信。(=get或receivealetterfrom…)如：Ihaven'theardfromyouforalongtime.3.hearthat+宾语从句如：Ihearthathewillebacktomorrow.putabout散布，传播（不实的消息）putaside（忽视，不理睬）putaway（放好）putdown（放下，记下）putforward（提出；建议）putoff（推迟）puton（穿上）putout（扑灭；熄灭）putup（举起，张贴，增加）1.Firefighterssoon______________thefire.2.Someone’sbeen_______it_______thatyouplantoresign.3.Theydecideto______________thedifferences.4.ThemeetingisonJan.5th.______________thedateinyourdiary.5.They______________asuggestionto________________themeeting.6.It’scoldoutside.______________yourcoatbeforeyougooutside.7.TheflighttoGuangzhouhadtobe_____________becauseoftheheavysnow.8.Please______________yourhandsifyouhaveanyquestionstoask.9.Theyhave______________therentby20pounds.______________theclotheswhenyoutakethemoff.五．takeoff(脱掉衣服，起飞)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花费时间)，takeout(取出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(积极参加)，takecareof(照顾；照料)，takeexercise(做运动)，takeone'splace(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，taketurn(轮流)，talkabout(谈话；交谈)，turnon(打开电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)，turnoff(关闭电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turnup(把声音调高),turndown(调低音量；拒绝)，turnover(把......翻过来)，thinkof(认为；想起),thinkabout(考虑),thinkup(想出),takeiteasy(放松，不紧张),takepridein(对...感到自豪)随时练：1)It'stoocoldinthelab.You'dbetternot______yourcoat.A.putawayB.putonC.takeofftakeaway－Doyouknowtheyoungwomanwhoyourfatheris______?－Oh,sheisournewEnglishteacher.Theyare_______myEnglishhomework.A.talkabout;talktoB.talkto;talkofC.talkingwith;talkingaboutD.talkingabout;talkingwith3).It'stoonoisyhere.Pleaseaskherto_______themusicalittle.A.turndownB.falldownC.shutdownD.edown4).________thoselights,please.Don'tusetoomuchenergy.A.TakeoffB.PutonC.TurnoffD.Turnon5).—Whatdoyou______China?－Ilikeitverymuch.A.thinkofB.thinkoverC.thinkaboutD.thinkto—短语辨析和固定搭配1.Itwassuchafunnyshowthatpeoplecouldn'thelp____________againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughing—It'stimefortheweatherreport.CouldI_____________theTV,Dad?—Goahead,please.Ialsowanttoknowabouttheweatherfortomorrow.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndown3.Whenyouleavethereadingroom,youshouldrememberto______thelights.A.turnonB.turndownC.turnoff4.Jimmyhassixteenbrokenbikesto___andgiveawaytokidswhodon'thavebikes.A.fixupB.setupC.putup5.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You'reright.Idecideto_________.A.takeitdownB.finditoutC.turnitoffD.giveitup6.Mygrandpaissleeping.Willyouplease_____theradio?A.turndownB.turnupC.turnon7.IlovethissongbyLadyGaga.Wouldyou_____theTVabit,please?Ican'thearitclearly.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown8.Mrs.Wangalwaysasksusto_____conversationsintheEnglishclasses．A．makeupB．turnupC．endupD．lookup9.Mygrandpaissleeping.Willyouplease_____theradio?A.turndownB.turnupC.turnon10.Weshouldlearnhowto______wellwithpeoplearoundus.A.getalongB.getdownC.gettoD.getup11.—Idon'tthinkwecanfindanewdaytoworkouttheproblem.—Butwe'dbetternot_________.A.endupB.handoutC.giveupD.putoutPeter,thelightinyourroom________thewholenight.Whatwereyoudoing?Oh,Iwasbusywritingareport.A.turnsonB.turnedonC.isonD.wasonAfterwinningthebadmintonchampionshipatWuhanSportsCenterinMay,theChineseplayers"faces_____withjoy.A.madeupB.tookupC.putupD.litup14.Lee________allnightinordertowatchthefootballmatchbetweenFranceandItaly.A.putupB.stayedupC.gotupD.showedup15.It'scoldoutside.You'dbetter______yourcoat.A.putonB.takeoffC.putaway16.It'scoldoutside.You'dbetter______yourcoatandscarf.A.workoutB.putoutC.haveonD.puton—Excuseme,Sir.Butsmokingisnotallowedhere.—Sorry,Ididn'tseethesign.I'll________mycigaretteatonce.A.putoutB.putawayC.putupD.putoff18.Maggiewantedaneveningjobthatwouldallowherto___hersonduringtheday.A.lookatB.lookaroundC.lookafterD.lookout19.—Allen,yourbedroomisinamess?—Sorry,Mum,I'll______mythingsatonce.A.putonB.putawayC.putoutD.putup20.Don'tforgettotakeyourbagwhenyou_______thebus.A.getoffB.takeoffC.turnoffD.putoff21.CaoWenxuan'snewbookhasjust________.Let'sgoandbuyone.A.eoverB.edownC.eonD.eout—Don't_______,mychildren.Keepworkinghardandyouwillwinthematch.—Thankyou,Mr.Zhang.We'lltryourbest.A.putupB.callupC.setupD.giveup23.Moreandmorestudents____toomuchhomeworkandtheyarereallytiredofit.A.plainaboutB.careaboutC.learnaboutD.hearabout24.Davidwroteastoryaboutteenagelife,andit____asabookin2003.A.wentoutB.cameupC.grewupD.cameout25.CangoandfindoutwhentheplanetoNewYork________?A.putsoffB.getsoffC.takesoffD.breaksoff26.—Whichhobbydoyouthink______theleasttime?—Collectingstamps.A.takesupB.tidiesupC.givesupD.makesupIt'stimefortheweatherreport.CouldI_______theTV,Dad?Goahead,please.Ialsowanttoknowabouttheweatherfortomorrow.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndown28.IlovethissongbyLadyGaga.Wouldyou_______theTVabit,please?Ican'thearitclearly.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown29.He______gooutwithhisparents,butnowhe______stayingathomealone.A.usedto；isusedtoB.isusedto；usedtoC.useto；isusedto—Yoursweaterlooksverynice.What'sitmade__________?—Wool,andit'smade__________Guiyang.A.from,onB.of,inC.of,onD.from,in31.Mysisterisill.Ihaveto_______herathome.A.lookatB.lookupC.lookafterD.lookfor—Hi,Ann!Iwonthefirstprizeinthe'EnglishSpeechContest.—Congratulations!AndIguessyourparentsmust_____you.A.bemadatB.beproudofC.beangrywithD.beimpoliteto33.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds_____iteveryday.A.practisetospeakB.topractisespeakingC.practisespeaking—Ihaveaproblem.Idon'tknowwhattodo.—Let'saskDickforhelp.Hecan_____agoodideatosolveyourproblem.A.thinkupB.giveupC.hangoutD.laughat35.WheneverIseethebirds,I'll______flyinginthesky.A.thinkupB.dreamofC.workonD.pickup36.Attentionplease.Theplanewill______infiveminutes.A.takeoutB.takeafterC.takeoffD.takecare37.—Couldyouplease_______themusic?Mybabyissleeping.—Sorry.Iwilldoitrightaway.A.openupB.turndownC.dropbyD.dressup38.—Ted,Couldyouplease________thetrash?—Ofcourse,Mom.A.takeafterB.takeoffC.takeoutD.takecareof39.Don't___________thebusuntilitstops,A.turnoffB.putonC.getoffD.setup40.Ifyoulovewhatyouaredoingandworkhard,youwill________anythingdifficultandsucceed.A.gettoB.getoverC.getonD.getup常用动词习惯用法1.allowsbtodosth允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）Myfatherallowedmetogooutforawalkafterfinishingmyhomework.2.askedsb(not)todosth叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）Myfatheraskedmetostudyhard.Heaskedmenottoswimalone.beaskedtodosth被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事Iwasaskedtohaveadinnerwiththemyesterday.3.(1)beafraidofdoingsth的用法①担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如：Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她怕吵醒她丈夫。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.我怕伤害她的感情。注：beafraidofdoingsth表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用beafraidthat替换。如：Hewasafraidoflosingface.＝Hewasafraid(that)he'dloseface.他怕失面子。②害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如：I'mafraidoftellingher.我不敢告诉她。Hewasafraidofjumping.他不敢跳。(2)beafraidtodosth的用法beafraidtodosth的意思是：害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如：Hewasafraidtoflyinaplane.他不敢坐飞机。Hewasafraidtogointothehouseandmeethisfather.他不敢进屋去见他父亲。6.beamazedtodosth对做某事感到惊讶Hewasamazedtomeetthegirlthere.beamazedatsth对某事感到惊讶Theywereamazedatthenews.7.bebusydoing/withsth忙于做某事（常考）e.g:Iwasbusywashingmycaratthattime.那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。Iambusywithmywork.8.being/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来）Thebusising/thedogisdying.9.beexcitedtodosth对做……感到兴奋Jackywasexcitedtotraveltherebyplane.beexcitedatsthLilywasexcitedathiswords.beexcitedaboutdoingsthHewasexcitedaboutpassingtheexamwithoutgoingoverbooks.10.befrightenedtodosth害怕去做某事Samisfrightenedtorideahorse.11.beglad/happytodosth高兴去做某事Sheishappytocleantheblackboardwithme.bepleasedtodosth高兴做某事Shewaspleasedtohelptheoldmanyesterday.bepleasedwithsth对某事感到高兴/满意Eg.Theteacherwaspleasedwithmyanswer.12.beinterestedinsth/doingsth对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣Eg.Sheisinterestedinswimmingintheriver.MybrotherisinterestedinChinese.13.be/getreadyfor/todosthbereadyforsth为某事做好了准备Eg.Wearereadyfortheexam.bereadytodosth为做某事做好了准备Eg.Wearereadytohaveabirthdaypartyforher.getreadyforsth为某事在做准备Eg.Wearegettingreadyfortheexam.getreadyforsth为做某事而做准备13.besorrytodosth对做某事感到抱歉14.besurprisedtodosth对做某事感到惊奇Eg.Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost.besurprisedatsth对某事感到惊奇Eg.Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost.beworthdoingsth值得做某事（worth后接动词ing形式，常考）Eg.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.16.begintodosthbegin/starttodo/doingsth(开始去做某事)can/beabletoafford(tobuy)sth有能力购买（供）……Atthisrate,wewon'tbeabletoaffordaholiday.18.can/may/mustdosthcould/would/should/mightdosth19.can'twaittodosth迫不急待地去做某事20.decidetodosth决定去做某事makeupone'smindtodosth下决心去做某事（常考）makeadecisiontodosth对做某事作出决定Wedecidetosetoffat8o’clocktomorrowmorning.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________deservetodosth值得/应该做……Thesepeopledeservetomakemorethantheminimumwage.这些人应该得到高于最低工资的报酬。22.encouragesb.todosth鼓励某人去做某事23.enjoydoingsth乐意去做某事24.expect(sb)todosth期望去做某事25.failtodosth做某事失败succeeddoingsth成功做了某事26.finishdoingsth做完某事（后接动词ing形式）（常考）27.followsbtodosth跟随某人去做某事28.getsbtodosth/makesbdosth/letsbdosth(让某人做某事（后接动词原形）)29.get/haveachancetodosth得到一个做某事的机会30.give/pass/show/lend/sellsbsth/sthtosbbuy/get/bringsbsth/sthforsb31.goontodosth.表示“接着做另一件事”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事（常考）Eg.Aftertheyhadreadthetext,thestudentswentontodotheexercises读完课文后，学生们继续做练习。goondoingsth表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”（常考）Eg.Thestudentswentontalkingandlaughingalltheway一路上学生们一直有说有笑。hatetodosth.表示讨厌去做某事(未做)Shehatestogetupearlythismorning.hatetodoingsth.是讨厌做某事(在做)HehatesgettingupearlyonSundays.周日时他不喜欢早起。havefun(in)doingsth做某事有趣Wehadfunridingourbicyclestothebeachtoday.34.havedifficulty(in)doingsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事遇到困难Wehavemuchdifficulty(in)understandingwhathesays.Hewashavingtroublehearingher.他发现要听清楚她说话很困难。35.havesbdosth让某人做某事havesthdone让某物被havesthtodo有事情要做36.hearsbdosth听到某人做某事（后接动词原形，常考）hearsbdoingsth听到某人正在做某事（常见）37.helptodosth帮忙做某事helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事38.hope/wishtodosth希望做某事wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事39.Itseemsthat这像是……（后接从句）seemtodosthseem+adj40.It's+adj+(forsb)todosth.It's+adj+(ofsb)todosthe.g:It'sgladforhimtohearthenews.41.Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）42.pay…for…costspend…on…..ittake…todosth43.It'sbestforsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是最好的hadbetterdosth最好做某事（注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形）44.It'stimeforsbtodosth是某人做某事的时候了45.keep(on)doingsth不断地或一直做某事(动作之间略有间隔)。（常考）如：Eg.Don’tkeeponaskingquestionslikethat.不要老是问那样的问题。keepsbdoingsth让某人做某事（常考）Eg.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起让你等了。keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事（常考）Eg.Therainkeptusfromgoingout.下雨使我们没法出去。keepsb/sth+adjkeepthebookfor2days借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend）46.learntodosth学做某事learnsthfromsb向某人学习47.liketodo/doingsth喜欢做某事likesbtodosth喜欢某人做某事48.needtodosthneeddoingsth/tobedoneneedsthneedn'tdosth(需要做某事)prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿……而不愿……（常考）Hepreferredtodieratherthanbeeatraitor.他宁死也不做叛徒。preferdoingsthtodoingsth喜欢做……胜过做……e.g:Ipreferreadingbookstogoingshopping.比起购物来，我更爱读书。prefertodosth（表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事Iprefertogetupearlytopreparefortomorrow’sexam.50.refusetodosth拒绝做……51.1）rememberdoingsth.记得做过…事(已做过)remembertodosth.记住去做…事(还没做)如：①Iwillremembertotellheraboutit.②Don'tyouremembertellingmethestoryyesterday?2）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过…事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记该做…事(还未做)如：①Iforgetwritingthatletter.②Iforgettobringthedictionarywithme.52.seesbdosth看见某人做某事（结果）seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（正在进行中）beseentodosth做某事被看见53.somethingtoeat/drink一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词）e.g:Ineedsomethingtoeat.我要一些吃的东西。54.spendsometime(in)doingsth/onsth花费时间做某事（注意动词要用ing形式）（常考）e.g:Theyspentonehourswimmingattheweekend.spendsomemoneyonsth/doingsth买……花了多少钱e.g:Ispent50yuanonthisbook.55.Sthishard/difficult/easytodo.做好某事很难/容易56.stoptodosth停下来去某事（两件事）（常考）HewatchedTVforanhour．At8hestoppedtodohishomework.stopdoingsth停止做某事（一件事）（常考）HestoppedwatchingTVat8o’clock.stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事（常考）57.taketurnstodosth轮流做……58.tellsb(not)todosth叫某人去（不要）做某事betoldtodosth被告知不要做某事59.Thereisnoneed(forsb)todosth对某人来说没必要做某事60.Thereisnotime(forsb)todosthhavenotimetodosth没时间做某事61.too…(forsb)to…太……以致不能……so…that…not…enoughtodoe.g:Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.那男孩太小了以致不能上学。try/doone'sb