牛津译林版中考英语一轮复习学案 定语从句+

定语从句语法初三一轮复习牛津译林九年级【知识梳理1】定语

定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、短语、动词、分词(短语)或句子充当。小试牛刀：找一找哪些词是定语Hismotherisateacher.Mr.Blackhastwodaughters.ThegirlbehindmeisMike.Abarkingdogseldombites.MostofthepeoplehereknowChinesehistoryalot.Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasunderdiscussion.IwanttoknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMrs.Green.【知识梳理2】定语从句的定义

在复合句中，修饰某一名词，代词或者整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词叫做引导词。Doyouknowtheboywhoiswearingabluejacket?Thedressthat/whichismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.Thenumberofthepeoplewho/thatowncarsisincreasing.Thehousethat(which)thefamouspersononcelivedinisveryoldnow.【知识梳理3】引导词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。一般情况下，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分；关系副词在从句中充当状语（时间状语，地点状语或原因状语）常见的关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose。常见的关系副词：where,when,why，as关系代词的用法指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格who,thatwhich,thatthat宾格whom,that所有格whosewhose当先行词是人，引导词用that,who,whom,whose\Idon’tknowthemanwho/thatistalkingtomymum.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thegirlwhosecarbrokedownneedshelp.当先行词是物/事，引导词用that,whichThebook(that/which)youarereadingismineHaveyouseenthefilm(that)everyoneistalkingabout.Thisistheprojectthat/whichtookusmonthstocomplete.关系副词用法关系词关系副词在句中的作用when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语when/where/why通常可以用介词+which替代，when=in/onwhichwhere=inwhichwhy=forwhich where 先行词是地点的名词,关系副词在从句中作地点状语：point/situation/case/position/stage/scene/activity/family/job/spot等 Ireallylikethejobwhere/in whichIhavegotalot,Thevillagewhere/inwhichIwasbornisverybeautiful. when先行词是时间的名词，关系副词在从句中作时间状语Weshallalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichJapansurrenderedtotheallyforce.比较：Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether. why先行词是原因的名词，关系副词在从句中作原因状语： Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichshewaslateforschoolyesterday.Thereasonwhyhedidn’twanttohelpusisclear.(1)that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、指代表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略，不能放在介词后面作宾语。(that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which) TherabbitiseatingacarrotthatIbought.PeoplethatIspoketowereveryhelpful.(2)which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略 HangzhouisacitywhichisfamousfortheWestLake.Thefoodwhichrabbitslikeisthecarrot.(3)who－般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，whom引导的定语从句whom在从句中作宾语，修饰表示人的先行词。Idon’tknowthemanwhoisinareddress.Idon’tknowthemanwho/whoshelikes.Idon’tknowthemanwhomsheisspeakingto.如果whom放在介词后面不能省略；此外固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后，例如lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff等。(4)whose引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。Isawamanshoutingatadriver________carwasblockingthestreet.提问1：有没有只能用which的情况？Thisisthefactoryin______myfatherworks.ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.提问2：有没有只能用that的情况？在定语从句中that既可以指人也可以指物，但是在以下情况中只能用that不能用who和which：(1)当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时；(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；

(3)当先行词有thevery,theonly等修饰时；

(4)当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who；(5)先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that。ThisistheonlyspecimenthatIhavegot.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.Pleasebringmeallthespecimenthatyouhavecollected.Whowasthemanthatatethecrabfirst?Alotofpeopleanddesksthatareneededintheeventhaven’tbeenready.ThisistheverybookthatIislookingfor.【例题精讲】

例1.Theseareallthepictures______Ihaveseen.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.as例2.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that例3.—Whydidthe79-year-oldMrs.Sunsetupthisorganization?—Tohelpthosechildrengetagoodeducation_______mostpeopleofherageneverhad.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when例4.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthepen_______myfathergavemelastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom例5.—Idislikemusic_______Ican’tsingalongwith. —Me,___________.A.what;eitherB.what;tooC.that;eitherD.that;too【课堂练习】

1.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who2.Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoDthat3.IreallylikethefamilyphotoC.whatwetookonmygrandpa's80thbirthday.A.whoBthatD.whose4.Thebasketball________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when5.NanjingYangtseRiverBridge________wasbuiltinthe1960sisnowunderrepair.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what【课后巩固】Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whoseLiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whoseIcan'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.WheninventiongotthefirstC.whichD.whereSheisthegirl______prizeintheschoolcompetitionB．thatA．whoC．whichD.whose---Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?---Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;IB.who;mineC.that;meD.which;myYesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.thatAfriendissomeone______says,"What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishtea—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichIhatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.whichThisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.whichNobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichTherestaurantwantsawaiter________canspeakFrench.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.whoIlikemusic_