广东专升本（英语）模拟试卷1（共414题）

广东专升本（英语）模拟试卷1（共9套）（共414题）广东专升本（英语）模拟试卷第1套一、常规阅读(本题共15题，每题1.0分，共15分。)Weallknowthatstoreswhereyoucanbuymedicineswhenyou'resickarefairlyrecentinventions.Buthowandwhendidpeoplegetmedicineintheancienttimes?Scientiststhinktheearliesttimecouldbetracedbackto200,000yearsago,buttheearliestdrugstoreisonly300or400yearsfromnow.Peoplegotmedicinefromnature,mostlyfromplants.Infact,thestudyofplantsstartedoutasasectionofmedicine.Tothisday,manypeoplearoundtheworldstillgettheirmedicinefromplants.Plantsarefullofchemicals,onesthattheyproducethemselves.Theydon'tmakethemforustousemedicinally.Plantscan'tmovearoundlikeweanimalsdo,sotheyusechemicalstoaccomplishalotoftheirmostbasiclifefunctions,everythingfromfightingofffierceanimalstocommunicating,andtoproducingyoung.Longago,humanslearnedthatthesesamechemicalsaffectourbodies.Somemakeussickorevenkillus,butmanyarebeneficial.Earlypeoplemusthavediscoveredwhichwaswhichthroughtrialanderror,andalsobywatchinganimals.Scientistsknowthatsomeanimalstreatthemselveswithplantswhentheyaresick.BearsinNorthAmericahavebeenobservedtodiguptherootsofaplant,chewtheroots,andthenspreaditallovertheirfur.Overtime,humansdevelopedgreatskillatdiagnosingconditionsandknowingjustwhichplantstoprescribeandhowtoprepare.Muchknowledgeaboutthoseplantswasn'twrittendown,sowiththearrivalofmodernmedicine,someofwhatpeopleusedtoknowwaslost.Medicinalplantscomeinallshapesandsizes.Somegrowatthetopsofmountains;othersinforests;stillothers,indeepocean.Probablysomeareinyouryard,fields,orevennarrowgapsinsidewalks.Manyoftheplantsyouhaveregularlyinfoodanddrinkhavemedicinalelements.Whoknowsthereisadifferentkindofdrugstore—avitalandancientone—allaroundus?1、Theancientsknewaboutmedicinalplants________.A、700yearsagoB、400yearsagoC、300yearsagoD、200,000yearsago标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据文中的“Scientiststhinktheearliesttimecouldbetracedbackto200，000yearsago…”可知，古人知道药用植物大约是在20万年前，故选D。2、Whydoplantsproducechemicals?A、Toprovidefoodforpeople.B、Tomeettheirbasicneeds.C、Toprovideanimalswithmedicine.D、Tomeethumans’needs标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第二段中的“Sotheyusechemicalstoaccomplishalotoftheirmostbasiclifefunctions…”可知，植物产生化学物质是为了完成许多最基本的生命功能，即满足它们基本的需求，故选B。3、Theearlypeopleacquiredknowledgeofmedicinalplantsby________.A、diggingupplantsB、keepinganimalsaspetsC、observinganimalsD、cookingplantsathome标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Earlypeoplemusthavediscoveredwhichwaswhichthroughtrialanderror，andalsobywatchinganimals.”可知，早期的人们通过观察动物获得药用植物的知识，故选C。4、Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A、Medicinalplantscanbefoundalmostanywhere.B、Medicinalplantsareonlyavailableinfood.C、Medicinalplantscanbefoundindrugstores.D、Medicinalplantsaredifferentinforms.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。最后一段列举了药用植物生在的各种地方，山顶、森林、深海中，还有的生在院子里，田野里，甚至人行道上的狭窄缝隙里。由此可知最后一段的意思是药用植物几乎随处可见。故选A。5、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A、Plantsarebetterthanmedicine.B、Someplantsmakeanaturaldrugstore.C、Plantsaremoreusefulthananimals.D、Someplantsmakewonderfulfood.标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。由最后一句“Whoknowsthereisadifferentkindofdrugstore—avitalandancientone—allaroundus?”可知，有些植物是天然的药店，故选B。ThekidsatParkerElementarySchoolstartedaKindnessClublastyear,andit'shavingapositiveinfluenceonclassroomculture.Therehadbeensomeissuesinfifthgradeofkidsnotbeingverykindtoeachother.Teachershadtalkedtosomeofthestudentsandtoldthemthingshadtochange.Onedayfifth-gradeteacherMattGreenhoewastalkingwithhisstudentsaboutimprovingthesituationwhenAdy,oneofthekids,suggestedstartingtheKindnessClub.Adyandsixotherfifth-gradersmadeupthekeymembersoftheclub.Theclubstartedseveralkindnessprojects.Theysetaboxwherekidscoulddropinnotes,tellingactsofkindnesstheyhadseen,andthentheclubwouldreadthemduringschoolannouncements.BeforeNewYear,theclubmembersorganizedanactivitynamedOperationCandyBar.Theygaveeverystudentasmallcandybarwiththenote"HappyNewYear."Currently,theyarepractisingaplaybasedonthebookSTOPaboutagirlwhoisbeingbullied(受到欺凌)andthefriendwhohelpsher.Clubmembersfelttheyhadmadeadifferenceandsaidtherewaslessbullyinggoingonatschool.Infact,therewerefewerstudentsusingtheBuddy(伙伴)Bench,aspeciallysetbenchontheplayground.Studentscouldsitonitiftheywerefeelingaloneandwantedtobeinvitedtoplaywithothers.Andthekindnesswasspreading,otherstudentswerefollowingsuitbyexpressingactsofkindness,likeputtingpositivenotesonstudents'desks.Theyalsohopedsomeofthefourth-gradersattheschoolwouldcontinuewiththeKindnessClubandexpectedotherschoolstobeinspired.6、WhydidAdyandhisschoolmatesstarttheKindnessClub?A、Theywantedkidstotreateachothernicely.B、Theywantedtostopothersfrombullying.C、Somekidswantedtoreceiveholidaycards.D、Somekidswantedtoperformplaystogether.标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题。由第一段的第二句“Therehadbeensomeissuesinfifthgradeofkidsnotbeingverykindtoeachother.”和最后一句“aboutimprovingthesituationwhenAdy，oneofthekids，suggestedstartingtheKindnessClub”可知，建立这个俱乐部是为了改善孩子们社交相处的情况，希望孩子们彼此友好相处。故选A。7、Whatwouldtheclubdotoencouragethekidstoperformactsofkindness?A、Theywouldmakethekids’kindnessactsknowntootherkids.B、Theywouldtelltheteacheraboutthekindnessacts.C、Theywouldwritethekidsnotesofthanks.D、Theywouldgivethekidscandybars.标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第二段中的“Theysetabox…tellingactsofkindnesstheyhadseen，andthentheclubwouldreadthemduringschoolannouncements.”他们设置了一个盒子，孩子们可以在里面放便条，告诉他们看到的善举，然后俱乐部会在学校公告中宣读(告诉其他人)，即他们会让其他孩子知道孩子们的善良行为。故选A。8、PlacingaBuddyBenchontheplaygroundmayenablekidsto________.A、getsomerestB、holdmeetingsC、makefriendsD、entertainthemselves标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。第三段的最后“therewerefewerstudentsusingtheBuddy(伙伴)Bench…Studentscouldsitonitiftheywerefeelingaloneandwantedtobeinvitedtoplaywithothers.”在操场上放一张好友长凳可以让孩子们在感到孤独、想被邀请和其他人一起玩的时候，他们可以坐在上面，即帮助孩子们交到朋友。故选C。9、Theexpression"followingsuit"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.A、takingpartintheclubB、doingthesimilarthingsC、doingwhattheyareaskedtoD、takingfurtheraction标准答案：B知识点解析：词义题。根据上文提到的孩子们做善举，下文中“Andthekindnesswasspreading，otherstudentswerefollowingsuitbyexpressingactsofkindness”(这种善意正在传播，其他学生也在效仿)，followingsuit表示“做类似的事情”。故选B。10、Whichofthefollowingbestconveysthemessageofthispassage?A、Kindnessisnotasciencebutanaction.B、Kindnessismoreimportantthanwisdom.C、Theactofkindnessisseldomwasted.D、Noactofkindnessiseverwasted.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题目问的是以下哪一项最能传达文章想要表达的信息。通过全文可知，文章想表达的是“善良的行为是不会被辜负(浪费)的”。故选D。Ifyouareconductingbusinessesinforeignmarkets,itisnecessarytoknowthecustomsandtraditionsofthelocalswhenitcomestoNewYear'sDaycelebration.Thisknowledgecanhelpyoublendinbetterwithyourforeignco-workersormakeagoodimpressiononyourtargetaudiences.Let'sfindouthowsomeEuropeancountriescelebrateNewYear'sDay!DenmarkWhileinsomecultures,breakingthingsisabadsign.DanishpeoplewelcomeNewYear'sDaybysmashingunusedplatesandglassesagainstthedoorsoffamilyandfriends.Thisactionisperformedwiththeaimofwardingoffevilspirits.Somepeopleevenstandonchairsandjumpoffthemtogetheratmidnightinthehopesofbringinggoodluck.SpainPeopleinSpainhaveauniquewaytocelebrateNewYear'sDay.Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightonNewYear'sEve,oneateachstrokeoftheclock.Eachgrapeisarepresentationofamonthofgoodfortuneinthecomingyear.Ifyouareabletogetallofthemintoyourmouth,allofyourwisheswillcometrue!IrelandInpreparationforNewYear'sDay,peopleinIrelandmakesuretheirentirehouse,includingtheirgardensandcars,iscleanedwithoutaspot.Theyhavethecustomofthrowingbreadatthewallsastheclockapproachesmidnighttoscareawayevilspiritsandbringgoodluckin.GreeceIfyouareofferedacakeonNewYear'sDayinGreece,youmayneedtoughteeth.AsJanuary1stisalsoSaintBasil'sDayinGreece,manyGreekscelebratethisdaywithextra-specialcustoms.TheybakeSt.Basil'sCakewithonespecialingredient—acoinmadeofgoldorsilver.Ifyougetasliceofcakethatcontainsthiscoin,youwillhaveafullluckyyear.GermanyEveryyear,millionsofpeopleflocktoBerlinforoneofEurope'slargestNewYear'sEvecelebrations.ItiscalledSilvester,duringwhichpeoplegatherforwishingforgoodluck.Theythrowparties,watchfireworks,anddrinkaGermansparklingwine.Familiesmeltleadathomebyholdingaflamebeneathatablespoon,thenputtingitintowater.Thepatternshownissaidtopredictthecomingyear.Forexample,aheartorringshapeindicatesanupcomingweddingwhileapigisasignofplentyoffood.11、WhichofthefollowingisaDanishtraditiontowelcomeNewYear’sDay?A、Doingcleaning.B、Breakingthings.C、Watchingfireworks.D、Drinkingwine.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第二段“DanishpeoplewelcomeNewYear’sDaybysmashingunusedplatesandglassesagainstthedoorsoffamilyandfriends.”可知，丹麦人用未使用的盘子和玻璃杯砸向家人和朋友的门来迎接新年，故选B。12、EatinggrapesonNewYear’sEveisacustomin________.A、GreeceB、IrelandC、SpainD、Denmark标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第三段“PeopleinSpain…Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightonNewYear’sEve…”可知，西班牙人有一种独特的庆祝新年的方式，新年前一天的午夜吃12颗葡萄是一种习俗。故选C。13、WhatmightGreeksfindinSt.Basil’scakeonNewYear’sDay?A、Agrape.B、Aring.C、Acoin.D、Atooth.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第五段中的“TheybakeSt.Basil’sCakewithonespecialingredient—acoinmadeofgoldorsilver.”可知，他们用一种特殊的材料烤圣罗勒蛋糕——一种由金或银制成的硬币。故选C。14、WhatdoesapigshapeofmeltedleadindicateinGermany?A、Someonewillmarrysoon.B、Someonewillstriketheclock.C、Someonewillhavesufficientfood.D、Someonewilljumpoffthechair.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。由第六段最后一句“…whileapigisasignofplentyoffood”可知，猪寓意着人们会有足够的食物。故选C。15、Whatisthecommonpurposeofcelebrationactivitiesinthefivecountries?A、Togetgoodluck.B、Tobesuccessfulinbusiness.C、Toscareawaybadspirits.D、Towishforagoodharvest.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。文中提到的每一个国家庆祝新年的习俗中都提到是为了“goodluck”，故选A。二、阅读填空(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5分。)Whenpeoplegotothemoviestoday,theycansettleintowatchandlistentoastory.Butwhatifwhenthelightsdimmedandthemoviebegan,therewasnodialogue,soundeffects,ormusic?【R1】________Thosesilentfilmsareimportanttofilmhistory.Whenmovietheatersshowedsilentfilms,amusicianwasoftentheretoplaylivemusicalongwiththemovie.【R2】________Occasionally,musiciansortheaterstaffalsoproducedsound,effects,suchastiresscreechingordoorsslamming.【R3】________Instead,thestorywastoldthroughtheperformers'motionsandthroughwordsshownonthescreen.Whenmoviesfirsthadsound,audiencesweren'tsurewhattothink.Noteveryonewasexcitedaboutthenewtypeoffilm,whichbecameknownasthe"talkie".【R4】________ClaraBow,whowasafamoussilent-movieactressintheearly1920s,wastoonervousabouthervoicetobecomeastarintheworldoftalkingpictures.Shefadedfromthespotlightandleftshowbusinessaltogether.Thefirstmoviewithsound,TheJazzSinger,wasreleasedin1927.【R5】________Afterthat,talkingpicturesbecameahugesuccess.A.Itmarkedthebeginningofanewera.B.That'swhatthefirstmovieswerelike.C.Musicwaschosentofitthemoodofthemovie.D.However,therewasnosoundinthemovieitself.E.Manysilentfilmperformershadtroublewiththenewformat.16、【R1】标准答案：B知识点解析：本空前描述一部电影没有声音的情景，本空后第一次出现名词短语silentfilms，可知本空应引出silentfilms的概念，结合常理，没有声音的电影就是最初的电影的样子，故选B。17、【R2】标准答案：C知识点解析：本空前讲现场会邀请音乐人来演奏音乐，故本空应与演奏的音乐有关，C选项意为“音乐被选来配合电影的气氛”，故选C。18、【R3】标准答案：D知识点解析：本空前讲现场会有音乐和音效，本空后是电影是通过肢体和屏幕的字讲述故事的，说明本空指电影本身是没有声音的，故选D。19、【R4】标准答案：E知识点解析：本空前讲第一次出现有声电影时，并不是所有人都很激动，后面介绍一个出名的默剧演员因为接受不了这一变化而隐退，可知本空应讲述有些演员并不能适应这种新形式，故选E。20、【R5】标准答案：A知识点解析：本空后“Afterthat,talkingpicturesbecameahugesuccess.”(在那之后，有声电影获得了巨大的成功)，故A选项Itmarkedthebeginningofanewera.(它标志着一个新时代的开始)符合语境。三、完型填空(本题共15题，每题1.0分，共15分。)Duringthelastfiftyyearspsychologistshavemadeusbelievethatdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenaremainlythe【C1】________ofthewaywearebroughtup.Accordingtothistheorywomencanbetrainedtodo【C2】________thatmentraditionallydo,andmencanandshoulddomore【C3】________Thisso-called"newmen"shouldbemore【C4】________andemotional.Buttwobooksnewly【C5】________saythat,accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,genderdifferences【C6】________becausemen'sandwomen'sbrainsworkcompletely【C7】________andtheirbiologicaldifferencesmeanthattheycanneverthinkor【C8】________thesameway.Trythisexperiment:reada【C9】________aloudfromabookormagazine.Atthesametimetap(轻敲)onthetablewithonfinger,andtryto【C10】________aconstantspeed.Dothisfirstwithyourrighthandandthenwithyourlefthand.Ifyouarea【C11】________,youwillbeabletomaintainconstantspeedwith【C12】________hand.Men,however,whentappingwiththeirlefthandwill【C13】________down.Thisisoneofthemany【C14】________thatprovemen'sbrainsareincompartments(功能区),withverbalabilitiesontheleftsideandspatialabilitiesontheright.Forwomen,however,verbalandspatial【C15】________aredealtwithonboththeleftandrightsidesofthebrain.21、【C1】A、practiceB、resultC、partD、fact标准答案：B知识点解析：根据句意，“男女之间的不同之处主要是养育方式(不同)的结果”，故应选result。22、【C2】A、cleaningB、cookingC、jobsD、exercises标准答案：C知识点解析：结合前文，养育方式导致男女之间的不同，从而根据这一理论，妇女可以被培训做一些不同于传统女性会做的事，A、B、D选项都是传统上女性也会做的事，可排除，故选C。23、【C3】A、researchB、experimentsC、assignmentsD、housework标准答案：D知识点解析：根据语境，应选传统上一般男性不做的事，故选housework(家务)。24、【C4】A、communicativeB、boringC、happyD、aggressive标准答案：A知识点解析：根据后面的emotional情绪化可推断，此处应选女性的特质，boring(无聊的)和happy(开心的)不属于性格特质；aggressive(侵略性)偏男性特质；故选communicative表示“善于交际沟通”。25、【C5】A、selectedB、publishedC、borrowedD、bought标准答案：B知识点解析：根据前后文“两本新书提到，根据一个最近的科学研究……”可推断是新出版的书，故选B。26、【C6】A、stayB、disappearC、existD、matter标准答案：C知识点解析：结合语境可知本句应表达“性别间的差异的存在是因为男女思维方式完全不同”，可知此处应选exist(存在)。27、【C7】A、differentlyB、positivelyC、silentlyD、happily标准答案：A知识点解析：文章的主题是讲男女不同，故可判断此处应选differently。28、【C8】A、moveB、walkC、replyD、behave标准答案：D知识点解析：or表示并列的关系，前面是think(思考)，相对应的行为要用behave。29、【C9】A、pictureB、wordC、phraseD、passage标准答案：D知识点解析：根据后文语境“一边读，一边匀速敲桌面”，可推断是比较长的文字，故选passage(文章)。30、【C10】A、exceedB、reduceC、keepD、record标准答案：C知识点解析：根据后文的“maintainaconstantspeed”(保持一个不变的速度)，可推断此处应选同义词，故选keep。31、【C11】A、manB、womanC、writerD、scientist标准答案：B知识点解析：根据后句的“Men，however…”可推断此处应是与men形成对比关系，故选woman。32、【C12】A、eitherB、leftC、neitherD、right标准答案：A知识点解析：根据本段最后一句“Forwomen，however…boththeleftandright…”可知，女性左右都可以，故选either(两者中任何一个)，文中指任一只手。33、【C13】A、turnB、bringC、shutD、slow标准答案：D知识点解析：根据语境中提到速度，这里选slowdown(慢下来)。34、【C14】A、magazinesB、booksC、experimentsD、works标准答案：C知识点解析：前文讲到的是男女一边看杂志一般匀速敲桌子的实验，所以此处应指这是许多能证明男女思维差异的实验之一，故选experiments。35、【C15】A、problemsB、abilitiesC、differencesD、features标准答案：B知识点解析：原词复现。根据上文的verbalabilities和spatialabilities，可推断此处选abilities。四、词汇(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Whentwelve-year-oldJohnWilson【B1】________(walk)intohischemistryclassonarainydayin1931,hehadnoplanofknowingthathislifewastochange【B2】________(complete).Theclassexperimentthatdaywastoshowhow【B3】________(heat)acontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.Somehow,thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheatmistakenlyheldsomethingmorevolatile(易挥发的)thanwater.WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainerexploded,leavingWilsonblindedinboth【B4】________(eye).WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparentsattempted【B5】________findawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.【B6】________Wilsondidnotregardtheaccidentascatastrophic.Helearnedbraillequicklyandcontinuedhis【B7】________(educate)atWorcesterCollegefortheblind.There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecame【B8】________accomplishedpublicspeaker.Later,heworkedinAfrica,【B9】________manypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.TensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthe【B10】________(prevent).36、【B1】标准答案：walked知识点解析：考查时态。根据设空处后面的时间状语in193l可知，应使用一般过去时的walked。37、【B2】标准答案：Completely知识点解析：考查副词。设空处位于句末，且根据句意，修饰动词change，故应用副词completely。38、【B3】标准答案：heating知识点解析：考查非谓语动词。how引导show的宾语从句，从句中缺少wouldbe的主语，故用动名词heating。39、【B4】标准答案：Eyes知识点解析：考查名词的数。both表示“两者都”，表示复数，故可数名词eye要用复数形式eyes。40、【B5】标准答案：to知识点解析：考查固定搭配。设空处前有谓语动词attempted，后面有动词原形find，attempttodosth.表示“尝试做某事”。41、【B6】标准答案：But知识点解析：考查连词。根据语境，前文提到父母尝试找方法处理这场灾难，后文Wilson并不觉得这是灾难性的，故先后文形成转折关系，故应填But。42、【B7】标准答案：Education知识点解析：考查名词。设空处前有形容词性物主代词，后面是介词短语，可知设空处应填入名词education。43、【B8】标准答案：an知识点解析：考查冠词。设空处后的speaker是可数名词，前面应有冠词，故根据accomplished为以元音音素开头的词，本空应填入不定冠词an。44、【B9】标准答案：where知识点解析：考查定语从句。设空处前为完整的句子，根据前后文的逻辑关系可知，设空处后的句子为修饰前文的定语从句。先行词为Africa，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。45、【B10】标准答案：preventable知识点解析：考查形容词。设空处前有定冠词the，根据句意，若填名词prevention，则preventtheprevention(防止预防)不符合逻辑。定冠词the+形容词的结构可表示一类人或事物，根据语境，thepreventable指“可预防的(疾病)”。五、作文(本题共1题，每题1.0分，共1分。)46、你是班长李华。端午将至，你班计划举办主题班会。请给外教Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件邀请他参加。内容包括以下要点：(1)时间：6月3日晚上8点；(2)地点：教学楼306教室；(3)主要活动：包粽子、讲故事、朗诵诗歌等。参考词汇：端午节DragonBoatFestival写作要求：正文约100个英文单词，正文不可出现考生的真实姓名、学校等信息。标准答案：DearSmith,IamLiHua,themonitorofClass3ofEnglishmajorinourcollege.ThereasonwhyIamwritingthisletteristoinviteyoutotakepartinourspecialactivitiesofthecomingDragonBoatFestival.Thisseriesofactivitieswillbeheldat8p.m.onJune3rdinRoom306ofNo.1TeachingBuilding.WewillhavemanyinterestingactivitiessuchasmakingZongzi,tellingstoriesandrecitingpoems,andsoon.Aftertheactivity,wewilltakeagroupphototogether.Isincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyinvitation.Couldyoupleasecallmeat234-888toletmeknowyourdecisionsoon?Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua知识点解析：暂无解析广东专升本（英语）模拟试卷第2套一、常规阅读(本题共15题，每题1.0分，共15分。)Intheclassicmarriagevow(誓约),couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife—notthehusband—becomesseriouslyill."Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,"saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset(发生)offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic(慢性的)illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswell,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems."Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,"Karrakersaid."They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'retheoneswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced."Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceismorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmaymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,"Karrakersaid."Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce."Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,shesaid."Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts."1、Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?A、Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B、Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C、Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D、Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据首段第一句，在传统的结婚誓言中，伴侣们承诺无论是疾病还是健康都要在一起，第二句继而转折指出，一项新的研究发现，在年龄大一些的伴侣中，当妻子而不是丈夫得了严重的疾病时，离婚的风险增加了。由此可见，结婚誓言并不能保证持久的婚姻，故选A。2、WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A、Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B、Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C、Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D、Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第四段第一句，研究人员研究了四种严重的身体疾病的发生对婚姻的影响。最后一句又提到，随着时间的推移，新的慢性疾病出现的几率也会增加，而且丈夫比妻子会更多地出现严重的健康问题。由此可知，老年男性比老年女性更有可能罹患重病，故选D。3、WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill?A、Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B、Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C、Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D、Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第五段，女性在面对疾病时，会加倍地容易受到婚姻破裂的打击，她们更有可能寡居，而如果她们是那个生病的人，则更有可能被离婚。由此可见，当女性患病时，容易遭遇离婚的处境，故选B。4、WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?A、Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B、Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.C、Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D、Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第二、三句，性别准则以及对关怀付出的社会预期使得男性很难为重病的配偶提供关爱，而且婚姻市场，尤其是老年婚姻市场的不平衡致使离婚男性比离婚女性有更多选择潜在伴侣的机会。由此可见，男性之所以不能悉心照料患病的伴侣是因为人们对不同性别所应承担的照顾人的责任有不同的预期，故选A。5、WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?A、Beducingmaritalstressonwives.B、Stabilizingoldcouples’relations.C、Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D、Makingmenpayfortheirwives’healthcosts.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句，同样重要的是，人们要意识到离婚的压力是与健康有关的，而前妻们需要额外的照料和服务，以阻止健康状况日益恶化和医疗费用的增加。由此可见，一旦前妻们患有重病，人们需要给其提供更多的关怀与帮助，故选C。Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's(兄弟姐妹们)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe"wrong"nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,"butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup."Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.6、Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A、Unwanted.B、Unhappy.C、Confused.D、Indifferent.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。根据首段第一句，如果你和大多数孩子一样，当你的母亲将你误叫成了兄弟姐妹的名字时，你很有可能感到难过沮丧。由此可见，当被人叫错名字的时候，人们的反应是不高兴的，认为被忽略，没有被重视，故选B。7、WhatdidDavidRubin’sresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A、Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.B、Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.C、Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.D、Itoftencausesmisunderstandingsamongpeople.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句，根据第一个积极解决这一话题的研究，叫错生活中最熟悉的人的名字是一个普通的认知错误，这个错误与我们的记忆如何归类和储存熟悉的名字有关。由此可知，叫错他人姓名的情况之所以会出现，这与我们的记忆工作模式有关，故选A。8、Whatismostlikelythecauseofmisnaming?A、Similarpersonalitytraits.B、Similarspellingsofnames.C、Similarphysicalappearance.D、Similarpronunciationofnames.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句，该研究还发现，在那个组里，叫错名字的情况会发生在名字共有开头或中间的发音，例如吉米、乔安妮或是约翰和鲍勃。由此可见，名字中相似的发音会引起被叫错姓名的情况发生，故选D。9、Whatdidthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming?A、Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.B、Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.C、Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.D、Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句，所有的调查都发现，人们对于名字的混淆往往存在于某种关系群体中，例如孙子辈的孩子们、朋友和兄弟姐妹，但是很少跨越这个边界。由此可见，混淆名字的事情往往是发生在某种关系群体中，故选D。10、Whydomothersmisnametheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers?A、Theysuffermorefrustrations.B、Theybecomewormoutmoreoften.C、Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.D、Theygenerallytakeonmoreworkathome.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句，鉴于传统的性别准则，母亲叫孩子的名字的次数也多于父亲。传统的性别准则即指母亲在家里承担照顾子女的职责，而父亲在外挣钱养家，由此可见，母亲之所以会出现较多的叫错孩子姓名的情况，是因为与孩子们交流得更多，故选C。Inwhatnowseemsliketheprehistorictimesofcomputerhistory,theearth'spostwarera,therewasquiteawidespreadconcernthatcomputerswouldtakeovertheworldfrommanoneday.Alreadytoday,lessthanfortyyearslater,ascomputersarerelievingusofmoreandmoreoftheroutinetasksinbusinessandinourpersonallives,wearefacedwithalessdramaticbutalsolessforeseenproblem.Peopletendtobeover-trustingincomputersandarereluctanttochallengetheirauthority.Indeed,theybehaveasiftheywerehardlyawarethatwrongbuttonsmaybepushed,orthatacomputermaysimplymalfunction(失误).Obviously,therewouldbenopointininves