BBC英语六分钟-每天坚持口语Are we afraid of food

Areweafraidoffood?BBC英语六分钟练起来（2023.03.10）TranscriptNote:Thisisnotaword-for-wordtranscriptNeil

Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I'mNeil…Alice

…andI'mAlice.Neil,whatareyoueating?Neil

Peanuts.Alice

Hmm.Didyouknowthatoneoftheproducers,here,hasanallergytopeanuts?

Neil

No,Ididn't–butthey'renotinthestudiowithus,soitdoesn'tmatter,doesit?Alice

Itonlytakesatinypieceofpeanuttocauseabigallergicreactioninsomepeople.An

allergy

bytheway,isaconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstance.Neil

Andfoodallergiesarethesubjectoftoday'sshow.Alice

Alright,putyourpeanutsdown,Neilandanswertoday'squizquestion.Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…

a)penicillin?

b)adrenalin?

Orc)aspirin?Neil

OK,well,I'mgoingtogofora)penicillin.Alice

Well,we'llfindoutifthat'stherightanswerlateron.Nowlet'slistentoDrMarianneWilliamstalkingaboutwhybeingtoocleanmaynotbeagoodthing.SheisadieticianhereintheUK.INSERT

DrMarianneWilliams,gastroenterologydietician,UK

Forroughlythefirstmonthoflifetheimmunesystemisswitchedoffinessenceandeverythingthey[babies]getexposedtointhatfirstmonthinlife–dogs,cats,aunts,uncles,grannies,grandpas,family,dirt–everything–thatiswheretheybuildupallthebacteriathatarethengoingtocolonisetheirgutinthefuture.Now,ifyou'rebornintoaverysterileenvironment,asisincreasinglythecaseinthewesternworld,everything'skeptterriblyclean,andoneofthetheoriesisthatwejustarenotgettingenoughexposuretoavarietyofbacteriaatthatveryveryearlystageinthatfirstmonthoflife.Alice

DrMarianneWilliams.The

immunesystem

isourbody'sdefenceagainstinfection.Andit's

switchedoff

–ornotworking–forthefirstmonthofababy'slife.Neil

Andthroughexposuretolotsofthingsinourenvironment–that'sfamily,pets,dirtandsoon–youngbabiesmeetdifferentbacteriaforthefirsttimewhich

colonise

–orliveandgrowin–theirguts.Alice

Yes,butinasterileenvironmentbabiesdon't

get

exposedto

–ordon'tmeet–awideenoughvarietyofbacteria.

Sterile

meanscompletelycleanandfreeofbacteria.Andthere'satheorythatbeingtoocleanandbacteria-free–nowwehavesoap,antibioticsandbettersanitation–hasleadtoanincreaseinallergies.Neil

Sodirtyplayforbabiesisgood–mud,pets,pickingstuffupoffthefloorandeatingit.Alice

Didyouusetoeatfoodoffthefloorwhenyouwerelittle,Neil?Neil

Usedto?Istilldo.Ienjoyfoodfromthefloor!Alice

Well,Neil,whatcanIsay?We'rebothluckytobeallergy-free.Ihaveafriendwhohasanallergyto

gluten

–aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrains–andshehastobeverycarefulaboutwhatsheeatssoshedoesn'tgetill.Neil

Thesupermarketsarequitehelpful,though,aren'tthey,withproducts'freefromthis'and'freefromthat'?Alice

Thisishelpful,yes.Butthefoodindustryisnowmarketingtheirproductstoattractconsumerswhodon'thavea

proven

–ortested–allergy.Neil

Whywouldyoubuyfree-fromfoodsifyoudon'thaveafoodallergy?Alice

Well,peoplehavestartedtobelievethatcertainfoods–likeglutenordairy–arebadforus,thoughthereisn'tanymedicalevidencetosupportthis.Let'shearabouthow

rickets

–adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthediet–isaffectingsomechildrenintheUK.ThisisBBCreporterMikeWilliams.INSERT

MikeWilliams,

BBCreporter

RicketsiscommoninthedevelopingworldbutthisisLondoninthe21st

century.Thesechildrenaren'tmalnourishedbecausethey'retoopoortoeatwell–it'stheopposite.Theiroftenmiddle-classparentsarespendingmoneytogivethemfoodswithingredientstakenout.It'sasifsomeofushavebecomeunnecessarilyfrightenedofourfood.Neil

Ricketsusuallyaffects

malnourished

childrenfrompoorcountries–childrenwhodon'thaveenoughtoeat–anditmakestheirbonesweak.ButhereinLondonsomeparentsarebuyingtheirchildrenexpensivefree-fromfoods–forexampletoavoiddairy–andaresometimesmakingthemveryill.Alice

Itsoundscrazy,doesn'tit?Neil

Yeah…it's

nuts!Getit?Nuts.Alice

Verygood.Neil

Yes.Nuts-thatmeanscrazy.NowIthinkit'stimefortheanswertotoday'squizquestion.Alice

OK,then.SoearlierintheshowIasked:Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…a)penicillin?

b)adrenalin?

Orc)aspirin?Neil

Isaida)penicillin.Alice

Andyouwerewrong,Neil!Thecorrectanswerisb)adrenalin.Aninjectionofadrenalincanbeusedtotreat

anaphylaxis

–orsevereallergicreactions–toinsectstings,foods,drugs,andotherallergens.Antibioticssuchaspenicillintreatbacterialinfectionsandaspirinisapainkilleryoumighttakeforaheadache.Neil

OK,canyoutellusthewordsweheardtodayagainplease,Alice?Alice

Sure.Theyare:

allergy

immunesystem

switchedoff

colonise

getexposedto

sterile

gluten

proven

rickets

malnourished

nuts

anaphylaxisNeil

Well,that'stheendoftoday's6MinuteEnglish.Don'tbeafraidtojoinusagainsoon.Alice

Youknowwheretofindus,don'tyou?Goto

whereyou'llfindgrammarpoints,vocabularyandmoreeditionsof6MinuteEnglish.Both

Bye.

Vocabularyallergy

aconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstanceimmunesystem

ourbody'sdefencesagainstinfectionanddiseaseswitchedoff

(inthiscontext)notworkingcolonise

liveandgrowingetexposedto

(inthiscontext)meetorencountersterile

completelycleanwithnobacteriagluten

aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrainsproven

testedortruerickets

adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthedietandaffectsbonedevelopmentinchildrenmalnourished

nothavingenoughtoeatorenoughofthefoodyouneedtokeepyouingoodhealthnuts

crazyanaphylaxis

asevereallergicreactionTranscript（双语版）Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I’mNeil...大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语。我是尼尔。…andI’mAlice.Neil,whatareyoueating?我是爱丽丝。尼尔，你在吃什么？Peanuts.花生。Hmm.Didyouknowthatoneoftheproducers,here,hasanallergytopeanuts?你知道我们这的一个制作人对花生过敏吗？No,Ididn’t–butthey’renotinthestudiowithus,soitdoesn’tmatter,doesit?我不知道，但是他们现在没在录音棚，所以没事吧？Itonlytakesatinypieceofpeanuttocauseabigallergicreactioninsomepeople.Anallergybytheway,isaconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstance.对一些人来说，接触一丁点花生就会产生很大的过敏反应。过敏是指食物、接触或吸入某种特别的物质后产生的不适反应。Andfoodallergiesarethesubjectoftoday’sshow.食物过敏就是今天节目的主题。Alright,putyourpeanutsdown,Neilandanswertoday’squizquestion.Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…a)penicillin?b)adrenalin?Orc)aspirin?把你的花生放下，回答今天的问题吧。下列哪个物质可以治疗严重的过敏反应？a)青霉素?b)肾上腺素?还是c)阿司匹林?OK,well,I’mgoingtogofora)penicillin.我选a)青霉素。Well,we’llfindoutifthat’stherightanswerlateron.Nowlet’slistentoDrMarianneWilliamstalkingaboutwhybeingtoocleanmaynotbeagoodthing.SheisadieticianhereintheUK.好的，之后看你回答得是否正确。现在我们来听听MarianneWilliams医生解释为什么食物太干净了也不是好事。她是英国的营养学家。Forroughlythefirstmonthoflifetheimmunesystemisswitchedoffinessenceandeverythingthey[babies]getexposedtointhatfirstmonthinlife–dogs,cats,aunts,uncles,grannies,grandpas,family,dirt–everything–thatiswheretheybuildupallthebacteriathatarethengoingtocolonisetheirgutinthefuture.Now,ifyou’rebornintoaverysterileenvironment,asisincreasinglythecaseinthewesternworld,everything’skeptterriblyclean,andoneofthetheoriesisthatwejustarenotgettingenoughexposuretoavarietyofbacteriaatthatveryveryearlystageinthatfirstmonthoflife.在生命最开始的一个月时间里，孩子的免疫系统基本上是关闭的，满月的婴儿在这时接触的所有人或物，如狗、猫、叔叔阿姨、爷爷奶奶、家庭成员、尘土，所有这些都是之后入驻他们肠道系统的细菌的来源。有这么一种说法，如果出生在无菌的环境中（越来越多的西方家庭采取这种措施），所有东西都可怕的干净，人们就不会在生命最开始的一个月中接触到那么多各类的细菌。DrMarianneWilliams.Theimmunesystemisourbody’sdefenceagainstinfection.Andit’sswitchedoff–ornotworking–forthefirstmonthofababy’slife.人们就不会在生命最开始的一个月中接触到那么多各类的细菌。满月婴儿的免疫系统是关闭的，不工作的。Andthroughexposuretolotsofthingsinourenvironment–that’sfamily,pets,dirtandsoon–youngbabiesmeetdifferentbacteriaforthefirsttimewhichcolonise–orliveandgrowin–theirguts.通过接触环境中的各种人或物，如家庭成员、宠物、灰尘等，婴儿会初次接触各类细菌，之后这些细菌会长驻婴儿的内脏中。Yes,butinasterileenvironmentbabiesdon’tgetexposedto–ordon’tmeet–awideenoughvarietyofbacteria.Sterilemeanscompletelycleanandfreeofbacteria.Andthere’satheorythatbeingtoocleanandbacteria-free–nowwehavesoap,antibioticsandbettersanitation–hasleadtoanincreaseinallergies.但是在无菌的环境下，婴儿就不会接触到各类的细菌。无菌是指完全干净，隔离细菌。有一种说法，在过于干净、无菌的环境中，就像现在我们使用香皂、抗生素，注重卫生清洁的情况下，人体更容易过敏。Sodirtyplayforbabiesisgood–mud,pets,pickingstuffupoffthefloorandeatingit.所以把自己弄得脏兮兮的对婴儿来说有好处，例如在泥土里打闹、和宠物玩耍、在地板上捡起东西并塞进嘴里。Didyouusetoeatfoodoffthefloorwhenyouwerelittle,Neil?你小时候会在地上捡起东西就塞进嘴里吗？Usedto?Istilldo.Ienjoyfoodfromthefloor!过去？我现在也会这么做。我喜欢从地板上捡起的食物！Well,Neil,whatcanIsay?We’rebothluckytobeallergy-free.Ihaveafriendwhohasanallergytogluten–aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrains–andshehastobeverycarefulaboutwhatsheeatssoshedoesn’tgetill.好吧，我还能说什么？我们都很幸运，没有过敏。我有一个朋友对谷蛋白过敏，谷蛋白是小麦和一些谷物中含有的蛋白质，她必须对吃的食物非常小心，不然就会生病。Thesupermarketsarequitehelpful,though,aren’tthey,withproducts’freefromthis’and’freefromthat’?超市在这方面做得很好，会在产品上表明“不含这”，“不含那”。Thisishelpful,yes.Butthefoodindustryisnowmarketingtheirproductstoattractconsumerswhodon’thaveaproven–ortested–allergy.这确实很有帮助。但是食品行业如今向无过敏史的消费者宣传他们这些产品。Whywouldyoubuyfree-fromfoodsifyoudon’thaveafoodallergy?如果并不会对食物过敏，人们为什么也会买这种食品呢？Well,peoplehavestartedtobelievethatcertainfoods–likeglutenordairy–arebadforus,thoughthereisn’tanymedicalevidencetosupportthis.Let’shearabouthowrickets–adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthediet–isaffectingsomechildrenintheUK.人们开始相信有些食物对人体有害，如谷蛋白或乳制品，尽管没有任何医学证据支撑。由于膳食中缺乏维生素D，英国的孩子们开始受佝偻病的影响。我们来听一听。RicketsiscommoninthedevelopingworldbutthisisLondoninthe21stcentury.Thesechildrenaren’tmalnourishedbecausethey’retoopoortoeatwell–it’stheopposite.Theiroftenmiddle-classparentsarespendingmoneytogivethemfoodswithingredientstakenout.It’sasifsomeofushavebecomeunnecessarilyfrightenedofourfood.佝偻病在发展中国家很常见，但我们现在是在21世纪的伦敦。这些孩子们营养不良不是因为太穷吃不好，恰恰相反。他们中产阶级的父母花费不少钱给他们买营养不全的食品。我们中的一些人似乎对食物产生了不必要的恐惧。Ricketsusuallyaffectsmalnourishedchildrenfrompoorcountries–childrenwhodon’thaveenoughtoeat–anditmakestheirbonesweak.ButhereinLondonsomeparentsarebuyingtheirchildrenexpensivefree-fromfoods–forexampletoavoiddairy–andaresometimesmakingthemveryill.佝偻病通常发生在营养不良的贫穷国家的孩子身上，他们没有足够的食物，因此骨头很脆弱。但是在伦敦，一些父母花大价钱购买营养不全的食品，例如不含乳类的食品，这使得孩子们极易生病。Itsou