2023年6月四六级阅读训练【阅读理解专项】21天（18-21）

(18/21)冰箱的好与坏Thefridgeisconsiderednecessary.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodlistappearedwiththelabel:"Storeintherefrigerator."InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,1wasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancameeveryday,thegrocer,thebutcher(肉商),thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimeseachweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus(剩余的)breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Manywell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted--naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing---marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheworldinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butintherichcountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse--whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.Thefridge'seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeennotimportant.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandmmoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaynoteatthehamburgers(汉堡包),butatleastyou'llgetridofthatterriblehum.练习题：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.Thestatement"Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily."suggeststhat______.A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties.B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtofridgeseveninhisfifties.C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor'shomeinthe1950s.D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s.2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travellingsalesmen.4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge'snegativeeffectontheenvironment?A.“Humawaycontinuously”.B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”.C.“Artificially-cooledspace”.D.“Withmildtemperatures”.5.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardfridges?A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.1.[C]句意理解题。由句中的childhood可知，fifties指的应该是50年代，而不可能是50多岁，据此可排除A、B;fridgeless是合成词，由词根fridge"冰箱”和表示否定的后缀-less组成，由可推断其意为“无冰箱的"，故C正确。2.[D]事实细节题。在第2段中，说到“不会浪费东西”前，作者指出把吃剩所述并非不浪费食物的原因，也可排除。3.[B]观点态度题。综观全文，作者对认为冰箱不是必备品，最后一段更明故B正确。4.[A]词义理解题。A中的hum指"发出嗡嗡声",表明冰箱产生的嗓音，是对环境的负面作用，故正确。B、D只是指出冰箱在实际上没有必要使用的地区却被广泛使用;C仅说明冰箱是对人工加热房间的影响，并不能说明其对环境的影B考査作者的观点，可根据文中细节得出答案。第3段首提到，冰箱对保存食物没有多大贡献，最后一段首则指出它对环境的影响已是显而易见的，这些细节都表明作者对冰箱持批评态度。地层TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicate(硅酸盐)thataresemi-moltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrustTherearetwokindsofcrust,aloweranddenseroceaniccrustandanupper，lightercontinentalcrustfoundoveronlyabout40percentoftheEarth'ssurface.Therocksofthecrustareofverydifferentages.Somecontinentalrocksareover3,000millionyearsold,whilethoseoftheoceanfloorarelessthan200millionyearsold.Thecrustsandthetop,solidpartofthemantle,totalingabout70to100kilometersinthickness,atpresentappeartoconsistofabout15rigidplates,7ofwhichareverylarge.Theseplatesmoveoverthesemi-moltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographical(地形学的)featuresoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccurareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Therearethreemaintypesofzonesofcontact:spreadingcontactswhereplatesmoveapart,convergingcontactswhereplatesmovetowardseachother,andtransformcontactswhereplatesslidepasteachother.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptions(爆发)oflava(火山熔岩)atmid-oceanridges.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents，arift(裂缝)isformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythetea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmovedinoppositedirections.Whentwoplatescarryingcontinentscollide,thecontinentalblocks,toolighttobedrawndown,continuetofloatandthereforebuckle(起褶皱)toformamountainchainalongthelengthofthemarginoftheplates.练习题：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.TheEarth’scrust______.A.canbeclassifiedintotwotypesB.isformedalongthemarginsoftheplatesC.consistsofsemi-moltenrocksD.isabout70to100kilometersthick2.The15platesoftheEarthareformedfrom___.A.theoceaniccrustsandcontinentalcrustsB.thecrustsandthemantleC.thecrustsandthetopandsolidpartofthemantleD.thecontinentalcrustsandthesolidpartofthemantle3.Seriously-deformedzonesappear_______A.wheneverthecrustsmoveovermantleB.whentheplatesmovetowardseachotherC.inthenarrowboundarieswheretwoplatesmeetD.tobethemajortopographicalfeatureoftheEarth4.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theformationoftheAtlanticOceanistheexampleof_______.A.spreadingcontactsB.theinfluenceofvolcaniceruptionsC.convergingcontactsD.transformcontacts5.Thispassageisprobably_______.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.achapterofanovelC.anexcerptfromatextbookD.ascientificreportofnewfindings1.[A]事实细节题。选项A与文章第1段第2句所述一致，为正确答案。此类题可采用排除法。根据第2段第2句的内容可以知道选项B所指的只是地壳中的一种.而不是所有地壳。选項C与文章第1句的内容不符。选項D的主语应该是地壳和上层的地幔，不仅仅是地壳。2.[C]推理判断题。此题可定位到第1段倒数第3句。题干中的15plates是原文该句中的宾语，且该句的谓语中心词是consistof(由......组成)，题干的谓语是areformedfrom，这意思一致，但题目用的是被动语态。表明答案可从原文该句的主语得到。主语中的top和solid并列修饰partofthemantle。选项C为该句的同义替换，故正确。3.[C]亊实细节题。选项C是对第1段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有提到选项A中thecrustsmoveovermantle这种现象;选项B提到的现象在第2段第1句才讨论到，与题干无关;文中也没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特征，因此选项D不正确。4.[A]亊实细节题。第2段主要分成两部分：第一部分谈板块活动的三种形式，第二部分分别举例说明其中在说明spreadingcontacts时，引用了大西洋的例子："TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethis..."，所以答案为A。5.[C]主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判定这篇文章既不是商业性的，也不是文学性的同时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质，不可能是太前沿虫AremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanetMorespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere--onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinating(授粉)ourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton，otherinsects,plantsandanimalsBecausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen(青苔),aseedorsomeothernaturalobjectSomeinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.练习题：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT._____A.onthemountainswithlittleairB.inthecoldpolarareasC.inthehotdesertareasD.intheopenoceans2.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby_______A.hidingintinyspacesB.havingastrongshellC.flyingawaywhennecessaryD.changingcolorsorshapes3.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______A.frightenawaytheirenemiesB.avoidbeingdiscoveredC.sendwarningsignalsD.lookbitter-tasting4.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironmentsB.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreaturesC.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoodsD.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers5.Thepassageismainlyabout______A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplacesB.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfullyC.whatinsectscandototheenvironmentD.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantityD及第3段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，第3段第3句中的Theoneplace指出了答案。2.[B]事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。第4段第1句指出了答案。protect…from…是对resistantto的同义替换。invisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，因此B为正确选项。其他选项虽然都是昆虫伪装的目的，但都与伪装成自然物体无关。4.[D]推理判断题。本题考查对含有分词结构句子的理解。根据第2段倒数第2句中的useful及分词结构pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处。选虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以选项B错误。至于昆虫的食物，第3段倒数第2句有提及,但只是awiderangeof,由此可排除选项C。5.[B]主旨大意题。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在各种地方生长，然后引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活。第3段第1句为本文的中心句，因此本题正确选项为B。老虎的生存危机By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserves(保留地)werecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritories(领地)ofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80S),butIndia"shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.练习题：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo_____.A.studythegrowthrateoftigersB.protecttigersfrombeingkilledC.promotethebreedingofyoungtigersD.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers______2.Studieshaveshownthat______A.atigressneverattacksuntilattackedB.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigersC.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritoryD.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed3.Accordingtothepassage,atiger"sterritory_____.A.remainsunchangedB.isoftendefendedbytigressesC.expandsasthetigergrowsupD.isthecauseofmostfights4.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger_____.A.hasbeencarriedtoofarB.hasnotreceivedenoughattentionC.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoalD.isnotworththemoneyspentonit_____5.Theauthorseems._____A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTigerB.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTigerC.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTigerD.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger1.[D]根据文章第1段，老虎被捕杀是其数量剧减的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被杀是野生动物保护基金会的最终目的，故选D。2.[B]第3段第2句说，但研究表明老虎捕捉猎物的成功率仅为1/20，B与之相符。第2段说到老虎一般会避免领土之争，C与之不符，故排除;A、D在原文中并未提及均可排除。3.[A]第2段第2句提到，研究表明，一头雄老虎依年龄、体型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩猎领地，随着老虎的长大，其体型及力量都在增大，其占领的狩猎领地的面积自然也就增大，故A正确。4.[C]文章第4段首句说,许多人近来开始担心老虎项目过于成功，C项是该句的同义替换，故为答案。5.[B]纵观全文，作者对于老虎保护项目没有加入个人的主观色彩，他持的是一种客观的态度，故选B。联邦快递FederalExpressisacompanythatspecializesinrapidovernightdeliveryofhigh-prioritypackages.Thefirstcompanyofitstype,FederalExpresswasfoundedbytheyouthfulFredSmithin1971,whenhewasonly28yearsold.SmithhadactuallydevelopedtheideafortherapiddeliveryserviceinatermpaperforaneconomicsclasswhenhewasastudentatYaleUniversity.Thetermpaperreceivedaless-than-stellargradebecauseoftheinfeasibilityoftheprojectthatSmithhadoutlined.ThemodelthatSmithproposedhadneverbeentried;itwasamodelthatwasefficienttooperatebutatthesametimeverydifficulttoinstitute.Smithachievedefficiencyinhismodelbydesigningasystemthatwasseparatefromthepassengersystemandcould,therefore,focusonhowtodeliverpackagesmostefficiently.HisstrategywastohavehisownplanessothathecouldcreatehisownschedulesandtoshipallpackagesthroughthecentralizedhubcityofMemphis,aset-upwhichresemblesthespokes(轮辐)onthewheelofabicycle.Withthiscombinationofhisownplanesandhubset-up,hecouldgetpackagesanywhereintheUnitedStatesovernight.WhatmadeSmith’sideadifficulttoinstitutewasthefactthattheentiresystemhadtobecreatedbeforethecompanycouldbeginoperations.HeneededafleetofaircrafttocollectpackagesfromairportseverynightanddeliverthemtoMemphis,wheretheywereimmediatelysortedandflownouttotheirnewdestinations;heneededafleetoftruckstodeliverpackagestoandfromthevariousairport