人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册复习学案 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

选择性必修第一册UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.vitaladj.必不可少的；充满生机的2.boilvt.&vi.（使）沸腾；烧开；煮开n.沸腾；沸点3.obtainvt.（尤指经努力）获得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行4.defeatn.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜5.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地6.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况7.foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在8.theoryn.理论；学说9.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的10.encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇11.professorn.教授12.remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的13.sumvi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的→cruciallyadv.关键地；至关重要地2.commitvt.承诺；保证vi.全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的→commitmentn.承诺；保证；投入3.academyn.研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的4.evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn.评估；评价5.distinctadj.清晰的；有区别的→distinctionn.区别；特点6.acknowledgevt.承认；（公开）感谢→acknowledgementn.承认；感谢7.analysevt.分析→analysisn.分析；分析结果8.apparentadj.明显的；显而易见的→apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然9.sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学（上）的；关于科学的→scientistn.科学家10.concludevt.推断出vt.&vi.结束；终止→conclusionn.结论；推论11.noveln.（长篇）小说→novelistn.小说家12.relativeadj.相对的n.亲属→relativelyadv.相对地→relativityn.相对论；相对性13.gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→gentlyadv.轻柔地；温柔地14.gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地15.consequencen.结果；后果→consequentadj.随之发生的→consequentlyadv.因此，所以Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.physiologyn.生理学；生理机能2.objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的3.botanicaladj.植物学的4.propertyn.性质；特性；财产5.liquidn.液体adj.液体的；液态的6.infervt.推断；推定7.politiciann.从政者；政治家；政客8.numerousadj.众多的；许多的9.geniusn.天才；天资；天赋10.patentn.专利；专利证书adj.受专利保护的；有专利的11.passionn.酷爱；激情12.institutionn.社会公共机构；制度；习俗13.instituten.机构；机构建筑14.devicen.方法；装置；仪器15.draftn.草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）2.insiston坚决要求3.cometopower（开始）掌权；上台4.takeupaposition担任；任职5.sumup总结；概括6.flowchart流程图Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives，andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.（过去分词作前置定语）青蒿素拯救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，"Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme，andallthepeopleofmycountry..."（upon＋doing/n.）当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说："这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后有一个团队以及全国人民……"3.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld，themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE＝mc2.（独立主格结构）他对世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。4.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.（it作形式主语）中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。5.Whileworkingthere，outofastrongpassionforknowledge，hecontinuedtostudy，earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.（whiledoing...）在那里工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances（状况）.2.Founded（创建）in1996，MuseumofLatinAmericanArtistheonlyartmuseumintheUnitedStatesdevotedtomodernandcontemporaryLatinAmericanart.3.Thispopularpsychologycoursehighlightsthedifferenttheories（理论）ofcreativity.4.Itmeanswehavethechancetoobtain（获得）informationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.5.Professors（教授），forthemostpart，arefirmlycommittedtoteaching，notresearch.6.ThedelicateChangxinPalaceLampdisplayedthewisdomofancientChinesecraftsmen，aswellasChina’sremarkableachievementsinscienceandtechnology2，000yearsago.7.Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.8.IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin，buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.9.Theroarofapplausefromtheaudienceindicatedthattheperformancewasextraordinary.10.Weencounteredeverykindofdifficultywhenwefirstdevotedourselvestoscientificresearch.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Mymotherisagentlewoman.EverytimeIamdown，shepatsmybackgently，comfortingme.（gentle）2.ZhangGuimei，acommittededucator，commitsherselftoeducation.Hercommitmentispraisedbypeople.（commit）3.Losingweightisaslowandgradualprocess.Keepexercisingandyouwillgraduallyachieveyourobjective.（gradual）4.ThemagazineacknowledgedJosephasthebestwriteroftheyearandhewasawardedabigprizeinacknowledgementofhiscontribution.（acknowledge）5.Asachild，heshowedgreatinterestinscienceandwantedtobeascientist.Nowhisdreamhascometrueandhehasmadegreatachievementsinscientificresearch.（science）6.Theyconcludedfromthedatathatthenewviruswasmoredangerous.Scientistsfromothercountriesalsoagreedwiththisconclusion.（conclude）7.Asaconsequenceofglobalwarming，thesealevelisrisingandmanyspeciesaredyingout.Topreventtheconsequentdamagetotheearth，peopleshouldtakeactionquickly.（consequence）8.I’mreadingthenovelBrothersthesedays，writtenbythefamousnovelist，YuHua.（novel）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子commitoneselfto insiston sumuptakeupaposition cometopower1.Tosumup，nomatterwhatkindofchallengesIencounter，Iwillbravelyembracethefuture.2.Sincehecametopowerin2000，linksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebeentightened.3.Weinsistedonarefundofthefullamountforthebreakdownofthemachine，butthesellerrefused.4.PearlS.BuckcommittedherselftobringingChineseculturetotheWesternworldandwashonouredasthehumanbridgethatconnectstheChineseandWesterncultures.5.Helefthiscareerinteachingandtookupapositioninthelocalgovernment.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.路被一棵倒下的树堵住了，所以我们只好折回。（过去分词作前置定语）Theroadwasblockedbyafallentree，sowehadtoturnback.2.一听说要举办一场国画展览，我很高兴。（upon＋doing/n.）UponhearingthatatraditionalChinesepaintingexhibitionwillbeheld，Iamveryglad.3.很荣幸能代表我们班在会上发言。（it作形式主语）Itisanhonortospeakatthemeetingonbehalfofourclass.4.如果时间允许，我将带你去另一个旅游景点逛逛。（独立主格结构）Iwillshowyouaroundanothertouristattraction，timepermitting.5.在读大学期间，他在学校图书馆做兼职。（whiledoing...）Whilestudyinginuniversity，hedidpart-timeworkintheschoollibrary.YuanLongpingiswidelyacknowledgedasChina’s"fatherofhybridrice".Upongraduation，Yuantookupapositionasateacherinacollege.Heinsistedonstudyingagriculturewhileteaching.In1960，ProfessorYuanunexpectedlyfoundan"outstanding"riceplantwithexcellentproperties.Hecarefullyanalyseditandcametotheconclusionthatthisextraordinaryricewasanaturalhybridrice.Thiscrucialfindingfueledhisenthusiasmforthestudyofhybridrice.Despiteencounteringnumerousdifficulties，hecontinuedhisscientificresearchunderhardcircumstanceswithgreatpassion.Asaconsequence，Yuanandhisteamobtainedremarkablesuccess，significantlyimprovingChina’sriceoutput.Tosumup，Yuancommittedallhislifetodefeatinghunger.Yuanpassedawayin2021，aged91，andthewholenationmournedhisdeath.HewillbeforeverrememberedbyChinesepeopleandthemit（committed；committed；committing）vt.做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）；花（钱或时间）；承诺；保证vi.忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）1.[人教选必①－5]Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.2.[外研选必③－3]Drivenbyasenseofcommitment（commit），agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.3.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresenting（present）thetruth，itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonthenewsreports.4.MrLiisacommitted（commit）teacher，whoisverypopularamongstudents.此处committed作形容词，表示"尽心尽力的，坚定的"，可用于写作中对人物品质的描述。5.ZhongNanshancommitshimselftomedicalresearch，andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic. （人物介绍）→①Committinghimselftomedicalresearch，ZhongNanshanwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（现在分词短语作状语）→②ZhongNanshan，committedtomedicalresearch，wasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（过去分词短语作定语）6.直到那时我才意识到我犯了个巨大的错误，窘得满脸通红。 （读后续写之心理描写）OnlythendidIrealisethatIhadcommittedabigmistake.Myfaceglowedwithembarrassment.（"only＋状语"位于句首的倒装）★commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承诺/保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）commit...to...投入……于……commitsth.犯（错）等★commitmentn.承诺；投入；奉献makeacommitmenttodosth.保证/承诺做某事★committedadj.尽心尽力的，坚定的becommittedto（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事2acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢1.TraditionalChinesemedicineiswidelyacknowledgedtobe（be）effectiveinthefightagainsttheseveredisease.2.Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement（acknowledge）ofmycontribution.3.Igreatlythankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.→Igreatlyacknowledgethehelpyouhavegivenme.（词语升级）表示"感谢，感激"的词或短语，除了thanksb.forsth.外，还有acknowledge/appreciatesth.和begratefultosb.forsth.。4.普遍认为，读好书可以丰富我们的思想，教我们明辨是非。It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthatreadinggoodbookscanenrichourmindsandteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong."明辨是非"的其他表达：tell/distinguishrightfromwrong，tellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong★acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做过某事acknowledge...as/tobe...认为……是……It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍认为……★acknowledgementn.承认inacknowledgementof...以回答……；以感谢……3insistvt.&vi.坚持；坚决要求1.[人教选必②－3]Forexample，scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthis（be）fattyfood.2.[北师必修③－9]IkepttellinghimthatIknewthewaymyself，butheinsistedontaking（take）methere.3.妈妈坚持认为我不该放弃，而应该全力以赴。→①MymotherinsistedthatIshouldnotgiveup，buttrymybest.（insistthat）→②Mymotherinsistedonmytryingmybestinsteadofgivingup.（insiston，insteadof）★insiston/upon（sb./sb.’s）doingsth.坚决要求（某人）做某事★insistthat...①表示"坚持/坚决要求……"时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"（should＋）动词原形"。②表示"坚持说/坚持认为……"时，从句用陈述语气。4conclusionn.结论；推论；最后1.WhenChrisbroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion（conclude），Whaley，histeacher，invitedtherestoftheclasstoapplaudhim.2.Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.3.SoIcometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion（得出结论）thatifyouwantagreatcareer，youneedtocommityourselftosomethingmeaningful.（conclusion）4.总之，急需共同努力来抢救我们的传统文化瑰宝。 （传统文化）Inconclusion，jointeffortsareurgentlyneededtorescueourtraditionalculturaltreasures.conclusion/conclude常出现在科研类或科普类说明文中，用于总结研究发现或观点。如：☆[2022北京]Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults，butconcludedthat"we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision".☆[2020北京]Inconclusion，positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone’slife.★inconclusion最后；总而言之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论bring...toaconclusion使……结束★concludevt.推断出vt.&vi.结束，终止concludesth.（fromsth.）（从……中）推断出/断定……5circumstancen.（usuallypl.）条件；环境；状况1.[北师选必②－5]Sometimesweneedtobeflexibleandadapttochangingcircumstances（circumstance）.2.Ifcircumstancespermit/allow（如果情况允许的话），theworkwillbeginonMonday.3.在任何情况下，我们都不能在互联网上将我们的个人信息泄露给陌生人。 （建议信）Under/InnocircumstancesshouldwegiveawayourpersonalinformationtostrangersontheInternet.（倒装结构）表示"绝不"的其他短语：innoway；onnoaccount；bynomeans。这些短语置于句首时，句子都需要用部分倒装结构。★under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下，既然如此under/innocircumstances在任何情况下决不，无论如何不（放在句首时句子要用部分倒装结构）★ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许的话6consequencen.结果；后果1.Ididn’tkeepmypromise.Inconsequence，hegotveryangryatme.2.Johnwascommittedtohisstudy.Consequently（consequent），hegainedadmissiontoZhejiangUniversity.3.在过去的几年里，大量垃圾被倾倒进海洋中。因此，许多海洋物种正面临灭绝的威胁。（倡议）Thepastyearshavewitnessedlargeamountsofwastedumpedintotheoceans.Asaconsequence/Inconsequence，manymarinespeciesareunderthreatofextinction.（consequence）★asaconsequence/inconsequence（＝asaresult）结果asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof（＝asaresultof）由于★consequentadj.随之发生的consequentlyadv.因此；结果7takeupaposition担任；任职1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[外研必修①－1]After-schoolactivitiesalsoplayapartwhenstudentsapplytocollege.However，theycantakeupalotoftime，sostudentshavetolearntoorganisetheirbusyschedules.占用②MrSmithlastyeartookupapositionasadesignerinthenewcompany. 开始从事③LangPingbecameastarinChinabecauseofhersuccess，herpositiveattitudeandherabilitytotakeupchallenges. 接受2.Takedowntheimportantpointsinclasssothatyoucangooverthemafterclass.3.I’mgoingtotakeaweekoff（休一周假）andBriggswilltakeoverthebusiness（接管业务）whenI’maway.★takeup拿起；占用；开始从事；接受takeoff脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假takein吸收；理解；收留；欺骗takeover接管；接任takeon呈现；雇用；承担takedown写下，记下；拆除takeapart拆开，拆卸8sumup总结，概括1.[北师选必①－3]Tosum（sum）up，despiteproducingcheapfood，factoryfarmingisbadfortheplanetandfortheanimalsthemselves.表示"总之，总而言之"的归纳总结性短语除了tosumup和insum外还有inconclusion，inshort，inbrief，insummary，allinall等。2.这个年轻人冒着生命危险从火海中救人。他因勇敢而得到一大笔金钱奖励。Theyoungmanriskedhisownlifetosavepeoplefromthefire.Hewasrewardedwithalargesumofmoneyforhisbravery.3.总之，他对教育的奉献为他赢得了当地人的尊重。 （人物介绍）Insum，hiscommitmenttoeducationearnshimthelocalpeople’srespect.★tosumup总之alargesumofmoney一大笔钱insum总而言之9upon/on＋doing/n.一……就……1.[外研必修③－2]Onleaving（leave）school，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.2.Uponherretirement（retire）fromtheuniversity，theprofessortookupapositionincharity.3.一到海滩，我们就开始清理冲到岸边的垃圾。 （环境保护）→①Uponarrival/arrivingatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（upon＋n./doing）→②Themomentwearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（themoment）→③Immediatelywearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（immediately）★表示"一……就……"的其他表达：assoonas＋从句themoment/minute/instant＋从句immediately/directly/instantly＋从句10it作形式主语1.[人教选必①－2]Itispossiblethatthistechnologicalfantasywillcometrueinthedistantfuture.2.ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmyteachertogoovermycomposition.3.很荣幸能与大家分享我对在线学习的看法。 （发言稿）It’sagreathonourtosharemyopinionononlinelearningwithyou.4.人们普遍认为吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体质。 （健康饮食）It’swidelyacknowledgedthateatinggreenvegetablescontributestobuildingupstrength.5.很遗憾我不能和你一起去北京。 （道歉信）It’ssuchapitythatIcouldn’tgotoBeijingwithyou.★it作形式主语的常用句式：·Itbe＋adj./n.＋（forsb.）todosth.·Itbe＋过去分词（said，reported...）＋that从句·Itbe＋形容词（vital，obvious，possible...）＋that从句·Itbe＋名词短语（apity，nowonder...）＋that从句·It＋不及物动词（occur，happen...）＋tosb.＋that从句Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023浙江1月]Iparkedmycaroutsidethefarmandwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhadapparently（apparent）notbeenusedinmanyyears.2.[2021浙江]Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire，nevergivenupon，canmakeforaremarkable（remark）life.3.[2021天津]ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.4.[2021天津]Vitalto/forhumanlife，artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.5.[2021天津3月]Societypushesustospecialize，tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation，branchofstudyorresearch.6.[2020全国Ⅱ]Asanovelist（novel），I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.以-ist结尾的表示人的名词还有：artist（艺术家）；chemist（化学家）；dentist（牙科医生）；journalist（记者）；scientist（科学家）；tourist（游客）等。7.[2020全国Ⅲ]Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedtoeatthings，wemaybecomeill.Butsheinsistsonuseating（eat）healthyfood.8.[2020天津]ThisledJonestotheconclusion（conclude）thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity，whoareeasytargetsofcheating.9.[全国Ⅲ]Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgradually（gradual）from800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.10.[江苏高考]Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled（flee）.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.A.n.流畅B.v.流动C.n.流量①[2023新高考Ⅰ]Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived. B②[2021新高考Ⅰ]Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.A③[2021北京]We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges. C2.[2022北京]Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking—which，inthisexample，istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem. n.目标objective常作形容词，表示"客观的"，出现在观点态度题的选项中。其他常见选项有：supportive（支持的）；positive（积极的）；disapproving（反对的）；neutral（中立的）；complicated（复杂的）；doubtful/skeptical（怀疑的）；tolerant（宽容的）；conservative（保守的）。3.[2021浙江]TheresultwasProjectWildThing，afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork，agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.v.记录4.[天津高考]Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger. v.犯（错）Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——中国历史人物[2023全国甲]你们学校正举办主题为"用英文讲中国故事"的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.人物简介及事迹；2.意义或启示。◎写作要点1.在我看来，在众多公认的中国历史人物中，范仲淹是最有影响力的。（numerous，acknowledged）AmongnumerousChinesehistoricalfiguresthatarewidelyacknowledged，FanZhongyanisthemostinfluentialinmyopinion.2.范仲淹是宋代著名的文学家和政治家，因其对社会的卓越贡献而受到人们的高度赞赏。（politician，remarkable）KnownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty，FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecauseofhisremarkablecontributionstosociety.3.他提出建立国家学校系统，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。（foundation）Heproposedthefoundationofanationalschoolsystem，whichhadafar-reachinginfluenceontheChineseeducationalsystem.4.总之，范仲淹一直激励着我做一个品格高尚的人。（conclusion）Inconclusion，FanZhongyanalwaysinspiresmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。TheHistoricalFigureinChinaAmongnumerousChinesehistoricalfiguresthatarewidelyacknowledged，FanZhongyanisthemostinfluentialinmyopinion.KnownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty，FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecauseofhisremarkablecontributionstosociety.Hecommittedhimselftocarryingoutaseriesofreformstomakehiscountryprosperous.Besides，heproposedthefoundationofanationalschoolsystem，whichhadafar-reachinginfluenceontheChineseeducationalsystem.Whatimpressesmemostishisfamousphilosophyoflife："Bethefirsttoworryaboutthetroublesacrosstheland，thelasttoenjoyuniversalhappiness."Inconclusion，FanZhongyanissucharolemodelthathealwaysinspiresmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.写作二读后续写——情感描写之困惑与迷茫积累背诵仿写运用单词confused，confusing，puzzled，puzzling，lost；confusion，puzzlement根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.尽管吉米既困惑又生气，他还是听妈妈的话离开了房间。Puzzledandangry，Jimmyobeyedhismotherandlefttheroom.（形容词作状语）2.他疑惑地看着帕特说："但你早晨为什么这么早就出来了？"HelookedatPatinconfusion/puzzlementandasked，"Butwhyareyououtsoearlyinthemorning？"3.其中有一个标志把我弄糊涂了，于是我把售货员叫过来问道："那个标志是什么意思？"Oneofthesignsgotmepuzzled/confused，soIcalledoverthesalesmanandasked，"Whatdoesthatsignmean？"（get＋宾语＋宾补）4.她转过身来，看见母亲脸上困惑的表情。Assheturnedbackshecaughtthepuzzledlookonhermother’sface.5.我弟弟一直在哭，我不知道该如何应对。MylittlebrotherkeptcryingandIwasatalosshowtoreact.词组1.ataloss迷茫的2.inconfusion/puzzlement困惑地，迷茫地3.apuzzled/confusedlook困惑的表情4.scratchone’shead（困惑、为难等时）挠头5.belostforwords不知说什么才好佳句1.Aftermyexplanation，Mandystillhadapuzzledexpressiononherface.我解释之后，曼迪仍然一脸困惑。2.Facingthequestion，Lukescratchedhishead，lookingpuzzled.面对这个问题，卢克挠了挠头，看起来很困惑。3.Silencefilledtheroomandpuzzlementwaswrittenallovereveryone’sface.房间里一片寂静，每个人的脸上都写满了困惑。4.Ireadthenotetwice，butIwasstillinafog.我把纸条读了两遍，但还是一头雾水。一、阅读理解A[2024浙江名校协作体联考]GladysWest，themathematician，wasbornin1930inVirginiaandhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’sfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Togetoutofthere，shewasgoingtogetaneducation.Herparentstriedtosavesomemoneytosendhertocollege，butunexpectedbillskepthittingthefund.Thenateacherannouncedthatthestatewasgoingtogiveacollegescholarshiptothetwotopstudentsfromhergrade.Finally，Westgotthescholarship，allowinghertoattendVirginiaStateCollege（nowVirginiaStateUniversity），ahistoricallyblackuniversity.Westdecidedtomajorinmathematicsbecauseitwasawell-respectedsubject.Itwaslargelystudiedbymen，butshedidn’ttakemuchnoticeofitassheknewdeepinherheartthatnothingwasgettinginherway.Aftergraduating，shebecameateacher.Afewyearslater，shereturnedtotheuniversityandearnedamaster’sdegreeinmathematics.ThenshewasofferedajobatanavalbaseinDahlgren，Virginia.Thismadeheronlythesecondblackwomantobehiredtoworkasaprogrammeratthebase.Despiteherintellectualabilitiesandcareersuccess，Westfeltshewasinferior.Itwasthisfeeling，deeplyrootedandfeltbymanyAfricanAmericans，thatdrovehertoworkashardasshecould.Westdeterminedtocommitherselftoherwork，hopingthatbydoingittothebestofherability，shecouldgetrecognitionforherwork.Westdidjustthat.In1978，shebecameprojectmanagerfortheSeasatproject，thefirstsatellitethatcouldmonitortheoceans.SheprogrammedanIBM7030"Stretch"computer，providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.In1998，aged68，sheintendedtofocusonherPhDafterretirement.SheeventuallyfinishedhergraduationthesisandgainedherPhDinpublicadministrationandpolicyaffairsin2000attheageof70.本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家GladysWest的故事。她幼年家境贫困，上大学时主修数学，毕业后担任教师，后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力，她成为项目经理，70岁时获得了博士学位。【词语积累】programmern.（计算机）程序员intellectualadj.智力的；有才智的commitoneselfto致力于accurateadj.准确的，精确的1.WhatwasthedecisivefactortoenableGladysWesttogototheuniversity？A.Herteacher’saidingher.B.Herparents’payingtheexpenses.C.Herfamilybackground.D.Thescholarshipfromthegovernment.解析D细节理解题。由第二段的"Thenateacherannouncedthat...fromhergrade"可知，政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。结合该段下文内容可知，她获得了奖学金，进入了大学。据此可知，是政府提供的奖学金促成了她读大学，故D项正确。2.Whatcanweinferfromthetext？A.Westgotallherdegreesafterretirement.B.MendominatedthemathsfieldinWest’sdays.C.Blackwomenscientists’talentwasfullyappreciated.D.Whenshebegantowork，Westfeltshewassuperiortoothers.解析B推理判断题。由第三段的"Itwaslargelystudiedbymen"可知，在那个年代，数学主要是由男性研究的；据此可以推知，在West那个年代，男性在数学领域占主导地位，故选B项。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"abuildingblock"inparagraph5mean？A.Abasicpart. B.Adetailedmap.C.Abuildingmaterial. D.Amajorobstacle.解析A词义猜测题。由语境可知，画线短语所在句表示"这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础"，故画线短语的意思应为"基础组成部分，构成要素"，所以A项切题。4.WhatkindofpersonwasGladysWest？A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandhardworking.C.Ambitiousandcommitted.D.Considerateanddevoted.解析C推理判断题。由第一段描述可知，GladysWest自小在家从事艰苦劳动，为了离开家，她决定上学；由第三段内容可知，她决定学数学，虽然该领域内男性居多，但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知，她是一位有抱负的人。由第四段的"Itwasthisfeeling...workashardasshecould"可知，她是一位对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知，C项正确。B[2023河南郑州一测]FrenchwriterAnnieErnauxwonthe2022NobelPrizeinLiteraturein2022.SheisthefirstFrenchfemalewritertohavewontheprize.InthewordsoftheNobelcommittee，Ernauxwasgiventheaward"forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏锐度）"ofherwriting.Havingspentover5decadesasawriter，the83-year-oldwinnerhaspublishedmorethan20bookstohername，includingCleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a2008memoir（回忆录）calledTheYearsandAGirl’sStory（2020）.Ratherthanconsiderherselfawriteroffiction，Ernauxhasusedtheterm"anethnologist（社会人类学家）ofherself"todescribeherself.Bornin1940inaruralvillageinNormandy，France，Ernauxgrewupinaworking-classenvironmentasherparentsranacombinedgrocerystoreandcafé.Sheworkedasateacherbeforebecomingafull-timewriter.TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter：TheSecondSexbySimonedeBeauvoirandDistinctionbyPierreBourdieu.Theformerledhertowriteaboutfeminism（女权主义），andthelatterraisedherawarenessofthehugegapbetweenherandtheenvironmentshegrewupin.Besidesherreadinginfluences，her"upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood"alsoinspiremanyofherworks，notedthesocialmedia.Forexample，thebookShameexploresthethemeofchildhoodtrauma（精神创伤）whileAGirl’sStoryfollowsayoungwoman’scomingofageinthe1950s.ThoughthemattersErnauxdescribesinherbooksareseriousandevensometimesheavy，theyarealwayswritteninplainlanguage.Ernauxdescribedherstyleas"flatwriting"throughwhichsheaimstotellherstoriesobjectively."Herstyleisunshapedbyflorid（过多修饰的）descriptionoroverwhelmingemotions，"notedFoxNews."Shewritesaboutthingsthatnooneelsewritesabout，forinstanceherjealousy（嫉妒），herexperiencesasanabandonedloverandsoon，Imean，reallyhardexperiences，"AndersOlsson，chairmanoftheNobelliteraturecommittee，saidaftertheawardannouncementinStockholm.Hewentontosay，"Shegiveswordsfortheseexperiencesthatareverysimpleandstriking.Theyareshortbooks，buttheyarereallymoving."2022年诺贝尔文学奖颁给了AnnieErnaux，她是第一位赢得这个奖项的法国女作家。【词语积累】inspirev.激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发思考objectivelyadv.客观地descriptionn.描写（文字），形容，说明1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAnnieErnauxfromthepassage？A.Shedescribedherselfasasciencefictionwriter.B.Shestartedwithafull-timewriterbeforebeingateacher.C.SheisconsideredtobethefirstFrenchpersontohavewontheprize.D.Shewasawardedforthebraveryandobservationshowninherwriting.解析D细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"Inthewords...‘forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏锐度）’ofherwriting"可知，D项正确。2.WhatinspiredAnnieErnauxtowriteherworks？A.Herhardshipsoflife.B.Herteachingcareer.C.Herpersonalexperiences.D.Herworking-classbackground.解析C细节理解题。由第五段中的"TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter"和"Besidesherreadinginfluences，her‘upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood’...works"可知，AnnieErnaux写作主要受到两个方面的影响：一是她读过的书，二是她的教养和个人经历，故C项正确。3.WhichwordsbestdescribeAnnieErnaux’swritingstyle？A.Seriousandsharp.B.Plainandobjective.C.Lightandhumorous.D.Elegantanddescriptive.解析B细节理解题。由文章第六段中的"Ernauxdescribedherstyleas‘flatwriting’...objectively"可知，B项正确。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.AWomanTellingHerOwnStoriesB.ATeacherBecomingaFull-timeWriterC.AFemaleWriterWinningManyAwardsD.AFrenchFemaleFightingfor