人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册复习学案 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE

UNIT3FOODANDCULTURE基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.prioradj.先前的；优先的2.stuffvt.填满n.东西；物品3.exceptionaladj.特别的，罕见的4.somewhatadv.有点；稍微5.regardlessadv.不顾；不加理会6.categoryn.类别；种类7.quantityn.数量；数额8.idealadj.完美的n.理想；完美的人（或事物）9.fundamentaladj.根本的；基础的n.基本规律10.overalladv.总体上adj.全面的Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.prioradj.先前的；优先的→priorityn.优先事项；优先权2.elegantadj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegancen.优美；高雅3.exceptprep.除……之外→exceptionn.例外→exceptionaladj.特别的；罕见的→exceptionallyadv.特别；非常4.minimumadj.最低（限度）的；最小的n.最小值；最少量→minimaladj.极小的，极少的，最小的→minimizevt.使减少到最低限度；贬低5.consumevt.吃；喝；消耗→consumern.消费者→consumptionn.消费；消耗6.stableadj.稳定的；稳重的→stablyadv.稳定地→stabilityn.稳定（性）；稳固（性）7.associatevt.联系；联想→associationn.协会；关联8.modestadj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→modestyn.谦逊9.trickn.诀窍；把戏→trickyadj.狡猾的；棘手的Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.boldadj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的2.chefn.厨师；主厨3.garlicn.蒜4.brandn.品牌5.ingredientn.（尤指烹饪）材料；成分6.dessertn.（饭后）甜点7.canteenn.食堂；餐厅8.cafeterian.自助餐厅；自助食堂9.fibren.纤维；纤维制品10.consistentadj.一致的；连续的Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.priorto在……之前的2.ontheotherhand另一方面3.regardlessof不管；不顾4.inotherwords换句话说5.consistof由……组成（或构成）6.slice...off切下7.gohandinhand息息相关；密切相关8.setoff动身；出发；引发；爆炸9.cutdownon削减；节省10.cutout删去；剪下；戒除Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Tellmewhatyoueat，andIwilltellyouwhatyouare.（祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句）告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。2.Tired，hungry，andnotknowingawordofChinese，wehadnoideahowtoorder，sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.（形容词短语作状语）又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。3.Everywhere，thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.（as...as）所到之处的美食与当地人一样多种多样。4.AndinAmerica，peoplewhoreceive25％oftheirdailycaloriesormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10％aday.（倍数表达法）在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.HowisHunancuisinesomewhat（有点，稍微）differentfromSichuancuisine？2.Thecompanyhasshownexceptionalgrowthoverthepasttwoyears.3.Whentravellingaround，peopleliketoenjoydifferentcategoriesoflocalfoods.4.Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.5.Inanidealworldtherewouldbenopovertyanddisease.6.Theadvertisingindustrystartedwiththefundamentalpurposeofpromotingandsellinggoodstopeoplewhomightneedthem.7.Weneedtotakeanoverallviewoftheproblem.Don’tlookatthingsone-sidedly.8.Ourclubisopentoeveryoneregardlessofage，genderoreducationalbackground.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Sheissuchanelegantwomanthathernaturalelegancestrikesme.（elegant）2.Wearefacingatrickysituation，sodon’tplaytricks.（trick）3.TheelectricityconsumptionissogreatinourcitythatIstronglysuggestallofusconsumersshouldneverleaveourlightsonwhenwegoout.（consume）4.Peoplewanttoliveastablelife，sothegovernmenttriesitsbesttodevelopeconomystably.（stable）5.Peopleoftenassociatethedevelopmentoffootballwiththefootballassociation.（associate）6.Thefamousprofessorismodest.Hismodestyishighlythoughtofbyallhisstudents.（modest）7.Thewelcomepartywasexceptionallysuccessful.AlltheexchangestudentshadagreattimeenjoyingexceptionalChinesedishesandIwasnoexception.（exception）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子consistof priorto gohandinhandregardlessof cutdownon1.Inordertokeephealthy，hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes，andtookexerciseregularly.2.SometraditionalChinesedishespriortotheMingDynastyarestillpopulartoday.3.Mygrandpa’sbreakfastmainlyconsistsofwholegrainbiscuitsandaglassofmilk.4.We’vefixedthedatefortheoutingandwe’llgoregardlessofwindorrain.5.Wemustkeepourroomclean，fordirtanddiseasegohandinhand，youknow.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.完成所有的工作后，我们回家了，累但很高兴。（形容词短语作状语）Withalltheworkdone，wewenthome，tiredbuthappy.2.杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。（倍数表达法）Jessicadevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasshedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.3.虽然清明节没有其他节日那么有趣和令人兴奋，但它绝对是最特别的节日。（as...as）AlthoughTombSweepingDayisnotasinterestingandexcitingasotherfestivals，itisdefinitelythemostspecialone.4.提前做好准备，我们就能避免很多不必要的麻烦。（祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句）Bepreparedinadvance，andwecanavoidmanyunnecessarytroubles.Scientistshavefoundthatpoorhealthhasacloseassociationwithsugarratherthanfattyfood.Thisistrueregardlessofhowhealthytherestofyourdietmightbe.High-caloriefood，whichisusuallyjunkfoodwithalargeamountofsugar，likedesserts，shouldbecutoutofyourdietifyouwanttokeephealthy.Beyondthis，you’resupposedtoconsumedifferentcategoriesoffoods，likefruitandvegetables，meat，beans，rice，anddairyproducts，sincetheyconsistofaquantityoffundamentalnutrients.Afterall，theidealdietisabalancedone.Finally，tohaveahealthyeatinghabit，you’dbetterchewslowlyandeatamodestamountoffoodeachtime.Overall，thereisnotricktohealthyeating.Youneedtobecarefulwithyourrecipeandyourhealthwillsomewhatgetimproved.1associationn.协会；关联1.[北师必修③－9]Acloserlookatthereadingtests，showstheinterestingfactthatgirlsareoutperformingboysinreadingandthatthisisassociated（associate）withgirls’greaterenjoymentofreading.（1）本句中两个that均引导同位语从句，解释说明theinterestingfact的具体内容。空前的this指的是第一个that引导的从句所说的内容。（2）注意本句中的outperforming。outperform为复合动词，表示"胜过，超过"。2021年全国乙阅读D篇对该词进行了考查：...however，theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.2.Weareworkinginassociation（associate）withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.3.Generallyspeaking，peopletendtoassociatefamousbrandswithgoodquality.4.下周六我们班将联合其他班级组织一次中国文化展。 （活动介绍）→①We’regoingtoorganizeanexhibitiononChineseculturenextSaturdayinassociationwithotherclasses.（association）→②We’regoingtoorganizeanexhibitionassociatedwithChineseculturenextSaturdaytogetherwithotherclasses.（associate）★inassociationwith与……合作；与……有关联★associatevt.联想；联系associate...with...把……和……联系在一起beassociatedwith和……有关2quantityn.数量；数额1.[译林选必②－4]Whenpassengerdronesareflyingaboveourcitiesinlargequantities，theskywillgetmoreandmorecrowded.2.Untilnow，largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent（spend）onbringingupthethreechildren.3.每天都有大量的食物被浪费掉，这已引起了全社会的关注。Largequantitiesoffoodarebeingwasted/Alargequantityoffoodisbeingwastedeveryday，whichhascausedthewholesociety’sconcern.★inquantity/inlargequantities大量地★alargequantityof...大量的……（作主语时，谓语同of后的名词保持数的一致）largequantitiesof...大量的……（作主语时，谓语用复数）3trickn.诀窍；计谋；把戏vt.欺骗；欺诈1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义①[外研选必①－1]WhilethedoctorconcentratesonexaminingLara’sankle，Igetherattentionbydoingamagictrick. n.把戏②[译林必修①－3]WhenIfoundoutthatIwastrickedbyhim，Iwasreallyhurtandletgoofourfriendship. vt.欺骗③[外研必修②－1]Sometimestherearesomanyknivesandforksthatyoudarenotpickthemupincaseyougetitwrong.Thetrickistostartwiththeonesontheoutside. n.诀窍2.[外研选必①－1]Evennewspapers，radioandTVstationsplaytricksontheirreadersandaudiences.3.Thatmantrickedmeintolending（lend）him200dollars，andIhavelosttouchwithhimeversince.★playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人★tricksb.outofsth.（＝cheatsb.outofsth.）骗取某人某物tricksb.intodoingsth.骗某人做某事4consistof由……组成（或构成）1.[人教选必②－3]Forexample，America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken，whichconsists（consist）offriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce，flavouredwithhotredpeppers.本题中，所填词在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，其数应与先行词GeneralTso’schicken（一道菜名）保持一致，故填单数consists。2.Thebeautyofairtravelconsistsinitsspeedandease.3.养育孩子不仅有欢乐，还有焦虑和沮丧。Raisingachildconsistsofnotonlyhappiness，butalsoanxietyanddepression.（1）本题除了可以填consistsof外，还可以填ismadeupof，iscomposedof，iscomprisedof。（2）使用表示"由……组成（或构成）"的几个短语时应注意：consistof没有进行时态和被动语态，这是它与其他几个短语的主要区别。consistingof作状语或后置定语时，可替换为madeupof/composedof/comprisedof。★表示"由……组成（或构成）"的短语还有：bemadeupof，becomposedof，becomprisedof。★consistin在于，存在于（＝liein）5regardlessof不管；不顾1.Theplanforanewofficebuildingwentaheadregardlessoflocalopposition.2.生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。但无论发生什么，我们都要保持积极的态度。（读后续写之主旨升华）Lifeconsistsofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.Butweshouldbeoptimisticregardlessofwhathappens.（consist；regardless）3.尽管雨下得很大，我们仍然决定按计划举行食品文化节。 （通知）→①Regardlessoftheheavyrain/Regardlessofthefactthatitrainsheavily，westilldecidetoholdtheFoodCultureFestivalasscheduled.（regardlessof）→②Despitetheheavyrain/Despitethefactthatitrainsheavily，westilldecidetoholdtheFoodCultureFestivalasscheduled.（despite）despite和inspiteof后不可以直接跟从句。若接从句，常在其后加thefactthat，即despite/inspiteofthefactthat。★regardlessof后既可跟名词、动名词，也可跟whether，what，how引导的从句。★regardlessof＝despite＝inspiteof6形容词（短语）作状语1.Surprised（surprise），Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.通过本题比较形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别：☆Surprised，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.（Surprised描述Tony的状态，即Tony自己感到惊讶）☆Surprisingly，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.（Surprisingly修饰整个句子，即"Tony站起来去领奖"这件事让人很意外）2.我聚精会神地读书，都没注意到已经半夜了。Absorbedinreading，Ididn’tnoticethatitwasalreadymidnight.（absorbed）3.既兴奋又感动，他们泪流满面。 （读后续写之情绪描写）Excitedandmoved，theywereintears.4.BecauseIwasunabletoaffordthetime，Ihadtogiveuptheplan.→Unabletoaffordthetime，Ihadtogiveuptheplan.（句式升级）形容词（短语）作状语：★说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态；表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。★有些由动词的过去分词转化而来的形容词作状语时，表示状态而非被动，这样的词有lost，occupied，absorbed，involved等。7倍数表达法1.[北师选必①－3]Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1，000timesfaster（fast）thannormal.2.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisfourtimeswhatitwastenyearsago.3.我的家乡过去十年变化特别大，人们的收入是之前的好几倍。→①Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.People’sincomeisseveraltimeshigherthanbefore.（倍数＋adj.比较级＋than）→②Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.People’sincomeisseveraltimesashighasbefore.（倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as）→③Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.People’sincomeisseveraltimeswhatitwasbefore.（倍数＋what从句）★A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋asB★A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋thanB★A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/height/length...）＋ofB★A＋be＋倍数＋what从句前缀over-1.over-：在上，在外，从上，越过2.over-：过度，太甚；颠倒，翻转over（过度）＋use（使用）＝overuse（使用过度）over（过度）＋drink（饮酒）＝overdrink（饮酒过度）over（翻转）＋throw（扔）＝overthrow（推翻）通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。1.Iwonder（that）hedidn’thurthimselfwhenoverleapingthatwall. v.跳过2.Anoverbridgeisstandingoverthere，makingitconvenientforpeopletocrosstheroad，especiallyintherushhour. n.天桥3.PermissionhasnotyetbeengivenfortheairlinetooverflyTanzania. v.飞过；飞越4.Astheurbandistrictsareovercrowded，youcanhardlyfindaparkinglot. adj.过度拥挤的Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配1.[2023全国乙]Manyofthesespecies（物种）arenotideally（ideal）suitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK，especiallyinthewinter.2.[2022北京]However，astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociated（associate）withdanger.3.[2022北京]Tom，a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（创业者），witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumption（consume）ofsugarydrinksbykids.4.[2021北京]Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.5.[2021浙江1月]Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimum（minimize）delay.6.[2020全国Ⅲ]Wewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptional（exception）museuminShanghai.7.[北京高考]Thismeans，forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s，trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress，mother’sname，andcardnumber.8.[天津高考]Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors，smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.[2022全国乙]Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar，puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease. v.吃，喝，饮consume除了表示"吃，喝，饮；消耗"，还可表示"使充满（强烈的感情）"。如：Tomwasconsumedwithangerafterhearingthebadnews.2.[2021北京]Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth. v.塞满句意：讨论你的问题并解决它们，而不是把它们憋在心里，这样可以改善你的情绪健康。3.[江苏高考]—Canyoutellusyourrecipeforhappinessandalonglife？—Livingeverydaytothefull，definitely. n.秘诀Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——健康饮食假定你是李华，是某中学学生会主席。你发现有些同学在就餐时间吃零食，不去餐厅吃饭。请你写一封倡议信，呼吁同学们注意饮食健康。要点如下：1.饮食健康的重要性；2.吃零食的坏处；3.向同学们发出倡议。◎写作要点1.我注意到有些学生在就餐时间吃垃圾食品，不管它有多不健康。（junkfood，regardlessof）Inoticesomestudentseatjunkfoodatmealtimesregardlessofhowunhealthyitis.2.我认为我们应该拒绝垃圾食品，因为它含有大量的有害成分。（consistof，quantity）Ithinkweshouldsaynotojunkfoodsinceitconsistsofquantitiesofharmfulingredients.3.为了保持健康，我们最好吃不同种类的水果和蔬菜，并细嚼慢咽。（consume，category，chew）Inordertokeepfit，we’dbetterconsumedifferentcategoriesoffruitandvegetables，chewcarefullyandswallowslowly.4.健康饮食对我们保持理想的身材和过高品质的生活来说是必要的。（ideal）Healthyeatingisnecessaryforustokeepanidealfigureaswellasliveahigh-qualitylife.5.我们每个人都需要做出一些根本性的改变，让我们现在就开始吧！（fundamental）Everyoneofusisrequiredtomakesomefundamentalchanges，andlet’sbeginfromnowon！◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。Dearstudents，IamLiHua.Inoticesomestudentseatjunkfoodatmealtimesregardlessofhowunhealthyitis.Ithinkweshouldsaynotoitsinceitconsistsofquantitiesofharmfulingredients.Instead，inordertokeepfit，we’dbetterconsumedifferentcategoriesoffruitandvegetables，chewcarefullyandswallowslowly.Afterall，healthyeatingisnecessaryforustokeepanidealfigureaswellasliveahigh-qualitylife.Everyoneofusisrequiredtomakesomefundamentalchanges，andlet’sbeginfromnowon！Yours，LiHua写作二读后续写——动作描写之"肩部"动作积累背诵仿写运用词组1.carrysth.onone’sshoulder把某物扛在肩上2.shouldertoshoulder并肩地；齐心协力地3.give/show/turnthecoldshouldertosb.冷落某人，不理睬某人4.pat/clap/tapsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩膀5.shrugone’sshoulders耸肩，不在乎根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.他正要开门，突然有人从后面拍了拍他的肩膀，吓得他跳了起来。Hewasjustabouttoopenthedoorwhensuddenlysomeonepatted/clapped/tappedhimontheshoulderfrombehind，whichmadehimjump.2.错过了最后一趟公交车，他把沉重的箱子扛在肩上，沿着无人的街道一路走回了家。Havingmissedthelastbus，hecarriedtheheavyboxonhisshoulderalongtheemptystreetallthewayhome.3.当我问他为什么要这么做时，他只是耸了耸肩，什么都没说。WhenIaskedhimwhyhehaddoneit，hejustshruggedhisshouldersandsaidnothing.4.他们迈着一致的步伐并肩而行，低着头躲避雨水。Theyfellintostep，walkingshouldertoshoulderwiththeirheadsbentagainsttherain.（现在分词短语作状语）佳句1.Ashewatchedthesunsetovertheocean，restinghisheadonhisfriend’sshoulder，hecouldn’thelpbutfeelasenseofpeaceandcontentmentwashoverhim.当他看着海洋上的日落，把头靠在朋友肩膀上时，他不禁感到一种平静和满足的感觉涌上心头。2.Seeingthecriticalsituationbeforehim，heliftedthechildontohisshoulder.看到眼前危急的情况，他一把把孩子扛在肩上。3.Heshoulderedhiswaytothefrontofthecrowdtogetabetterlook.他用肩膀开路挤到人群前面，以便看得更清楚。一、阅读理解A[2024天星原创]Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedintheworldforhumanconsumptioneveryyear—approximately1.3billiontonnes—getslostorwasted.AndinSingapore665，000tonnesoffoodwastewasproducedin2020，amountingto$342million，only19％ofwhichwasrecycled.ChuaKai-Ningandherpartner，PhuaJunWei，foundedInsecttain2017.TheyarebattlingSingapore’sfoodwastewiththehelpoftheblacksoldierflylarva—theimmatureformofafly."TheideabehindInsecttaisthatnothinggoestowaste，"saidChua."Wastecanbereimaginedasaresourceifwechangehowwethinkaboutourproductionmethods，andhowwedealwithwaste."Thewormsofblacksoldierfliesconsumeuptoeighttonsoffoodwastepermonth.Insecttacanthenflashdrythewormsintoanimalfeed，andusetheinsects’excrement（粪便）foragriculture.AccordingtoChua，Insecttaisextractingmorethanagriculture-relatedproductsfromblacksoldierflies."Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousbiomaterialsthathavealreadygotmarketvaluecanbegainedfromtheseflies，"Chuasaid.Insecttahasdevelopedtechnologytogetbiomaterialsfromtheexoskeleton（外骨骼）theyleavebehind.Oneofthesebiomaterialsischitosan，anantimicrobial（抗菌的）materialsometimesusedinmakeupandmedicine.Insecttaaimstoeventuallyproduce500kilogramsofchitosanaday.InsecttaisnowworkingwithSingapore-basedSpaEspritGroupfortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts.ItalsojoinshandswiththefacemaskbrandVi-Mask，whichhopestousethechitosantomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts.世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，并从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。【词语积累】amountto总计，共计；等同于，相当于joinhands携手合作，联合，合伙【长难句解读】＂Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousthat引导的宾语从句，biomaterials(thathavealreadygotmarketvalue)canbegainedfromtheseflies，＂Chuasaid.其中包含一个that引导的定语从句译文：Chua说："在研究和开发中，我们意识到，许多已经有市场价值的珍贵的生物材料可以从这些黑水虻身上获取。"1.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1show？A.Thedifficultyinrecyclingfoodwaste.B.Theseriousnessoffoodwaste.C.Theurgencyofreducingfoodconsumption.D.Theeffortatbattlingfoodwaste.解析B推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，全世界每年有大约13亿公吨的食物被浪费，2020年新加坡产生了665000公吨食品废弃物，其中只有19％得到了回收。由此可知，作者通过列数字的方式来表明食物浪费的严重性，故选B项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"extracting"inparagraph3mean？A.Protecting. B.Obtaining.C.Learning. D.Recycling.解析B词义猜测题。由第三段中的"usetheinsects’excrement（粪便）foragriculture"可知，该公司把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，再结合下文可知，该公司还从黑水虻的外骨骼中获取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，该公司从黑水虻身上获取的不只是与农业相关的产品，故画线词的含义应是"获取"，B项切题。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchitosan？A.Ithasawiderangeofuses.B.ItbringsfewprofitstoInsectta.C.Ithasbeenappliedtomasks.D.Itisfoundinthefly’sexcrement.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段中的"usedinmakeupandmedicine""fortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts...tomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts"可知，这种抗菌材料可用于化妆品和药物中，也可用于护肤产品中，还可用于口罩的抗菌层。由此可知，这种抗菌材料用途广泛，故选A。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext？A.InsectsprovideawaytorecyclefoodwasteB.NewtechnologyisdevelopedtofightfoodwasteC.InsecttaisusinginsectstoturnwasteintotreasureD.Singaporeisbenefitingfromtheinsect-basedindustry解析C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，还从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。C项做标题最佳。B[科技创新/2024天星原创]DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintakewithoutneedingtosacrifice（牺牲）flavor.Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods.Co-developedbyMeijiUniversityprofessorHomeiMiyashitaanddrinkproducerKirinHoldingsCompany，Limited，thechopsticksimprovetastesusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerattachedtoawrist."Thedeviceusesaweakelectricalcurrenttosendsodiumions（钠离子）fromfood，throughthechopsticks，tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness，"saidMiyashita."Asaresult，thesaltytasteincreasesby1.5times."Thetaste-improvingchopsticksmayhaveparticularrelevancetothetraditionaldietinJapan，whichtendstobehighinsalt.TheaverageJapaneseadulteatsabout10gramsofsalteachday.ThatisalmosttwotimestheamountsuggestedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Highsodiumintakeislinkedtoincreasedcasesofhighbloodpressure，strokesandotherconditions."Topreventthesediseases，weneedtoreducetheamountofsaltwetake，"saidKirinresearcherAiSato.SatoaddedthatifJapanesepeopletrytoreducesaltintakeintheusualways，theywillneedtocutmanyoftheirfavoritefoodsfromtheirdiet.Otherwise，theywouldhavetoeatflavorlessfood."Iwanttooverturntheideathatlowsaltmeansnoflavor，"Miyashitadeclared."Thechopsticksmakeitpossibletokeepenjoyingthefoodswelove，andinahealthierway."Hewasconfidentthatthechopstickscanhelppeoplemakebetterdecisionsabouttheirdietandhopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear.Miyashitaandhisresearchteamhaveexploreddifferentwaysthattechnologycaninteractwithhumansenses.Hehasalsodevelopedatelevisionscreenthatapersoncanlick（舔）totastedifferentfoodflavors.Meanwhile，researchisalsounderwaytodevelopothereatingtoolswithspecialfunctionslikeelectricspoonsandforksusingtechnology.本文是说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。【词语积累】intaken.（食物、饮料等的）摄取量，吸入量relevancen.关联，有关overturnv.推翻underwayadj.在进行中的【熟词生义】1.current常用义：adj.当前的，现在的文中义：n.电流2.condition常用义：n.状况，状态文中义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病1.Whowouldprobablybeinterestedintheelectricchopsticks？A.Thosestickingtoabalanceddiet.B.Thosehavingeatingdisorders.C.Thosepreferringhomemadefood.D.Thosewantingtotakeinlesssalt.解析D细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintake"可知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力，故D项正确。2.WhyistraditionalJapanesedietmentioned？A.TointroducewhatJapanesedietislike.B.Tostresshowimportantchopsticksareforit.C.ToshowwhatinfluenceithasontheJapanese.D.Toexplainwhyelectricchopsticksareinvented.解析D推理判断题。由题干中的"traditionalJapanesediet"可将解题信息定位至第三段。由本段对日本传统饮食的介绍可知，日本的传统饮食盐味较重。普通的日本成年人每天摄入的盐量几乎是世界卫生组织建议的两倍。高钠摄入量与高血压、中风和其他疾病病例的增加有关。如果日本人以平常的方式减少盐的摄入，他们将需要舍弃许多他们喜欢的食物。否则，他们将不得不吃寡淡无味的食物。再结合上文中提到的电动筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本传统饮食是为了解释研究人员发明电动筷子的原因。综上可知，本题选D。3.WhatdoesMiyashitaexpectoftheelectricchopsticks？A.They’llreachconsumersinthenearfuture.B.They’llhelpchangepeople’seatinghabits.C.They’llbedevelopedintovariousversions.D.They’llinspireawholenewlineofresearch.解析A细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"thechopstickscanhelppeople...hopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear"可知，本题选A。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Benefitsoflow-sodiumdiets.B.ImprovementstotheJapanesediet.C.Electricchopsticksincreasingsaltytaste.D.Aninventionmakingfoodmoredelicious.解析C主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods"可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子，故C项正确。二、七选五[2024天星原创]OnourseconddayinChina，we’dalreadybeenaskedtojointheschoolforsupper.Nervousandunsureofthefoodandtablemanners，wepolitelyagreed.1Andnowmyfirstdiningexperiencewouldbewiththeschoolstaff.Comparedwiththerestaurantsinmyhometown，Chineseonesareloudandbusy.2Theatmosphereiswarmandchaotic；peoplearehappy.Thetablesarebigandround.InChineseculturethemostimportantpersonsitsfacingthedoor.Platesoffoodsoonstartedarriving.AndthenIwishedI’dworkedonmychopstickskillsbefore.3Thismeansorderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating.Italsomeansdrinkinganddrinking.You’llneverhaveanemptyglass.It’spolitetotryeverything，butifyouknowme，youwouldknowIdon’teateverything.Freshfish？Sure，anentirefishontheplatestaringatyouwhileyoupickatit.Notforme.4No，thanks！Thelungofapig？I’llpass.ItseemsthattheChinesereallyeateverything！EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone.5Theexperienceitselfisquiteamazing.I’velearnedalot，yetthere’sstillsomuchtolearn.Itsureisdifferentfrommycultureandwayofliving，butbeingintheirshoesandseeinglifethroughtheireyeshavereallyhelpedmetounderstand.AndIlookforwardtodiscoveringmore！A.Igraduallygotusedtothelifehere.B.TheChinesearesofriendlyandhospitable.C.Snailswiththeirshellcrushedandcookedintoameal？D.Butforthemostpart，IdiscoversomethingIreallyenjoy.E.Peoplerinse（冲洗）theirbowlsandchopsticksfirstwithhotwater.F.ComingtoChina，thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood.G.Peopleareshouting，laughing，drinkingandkidsarerunningaroundfreely.了解一个国家的地道文化可以从饭桌上开始。吃吃喝喝中，品尝的是别具特色的美食，感受的是异域的独特氛围，谈论的是关乎彼此的凡人俗事，体验的是浓郁的烟火气息！1.FF项中的thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood与空前句子中的unsureofthefood以及空后句子中的myfirstdiningexperience相照应。2.GG项所说的情况是对"Chineseonesareloudandbusy"的具体说明。3.BB项指明了第三段的主旨大意，"orderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating"以及"drinkinganddrinking"皆诠释了中国人的友善与好客。4.CC项与"Freshfish？"和"Thelungofapig？"吻合。5.DD项与"EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone"之间为转折关系，且空后的句子是对D项中something的具体说明。三、完形填空[2024天星原创]Oneday，BaltimorerestaurantownerSteveChulearnedoneofhislongtimecustomers，anoldlady，waslosingherbattlewithcancer.Chu1todrivesixhourstoVermonttocookherfavoritedishforherratherthansharehisrecipeatherson-in-lawBrandon’srequest.HerdaughterRinaknowshowmuchthedishfromChu’srestaurant2toher."Shealwaystoldus，‘WhenI’monmydeathbed，Iwanttohavethatbroccoli，’"Rinasaid."Actually，whenIwaspackingonFridaytodrivetoVermont，Icalledherin3toseeifshewan