2024北京西城区初三一模英语试卷和答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京西城初三一模英语2024.4考生须知1.本试卷共11页，共两部分，共38题。满分60分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回第一部分本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Mysisterlikesdrawingand________wantstobeanartistinthefuture.A.she B.he C.it D.they2.Ilikelisteningtomusicwhileexercising_______thepark.A.on B.under C.in D.to3.—Wouldyoulikemorepizza,Linda?—No,thanks.Thepizzaisdelicious________I’mfull.A.if B.but C.because D.or4.—_______youreadthesignacrossthestreet,Tom?—No,Ican’t.A.Must B.Can C.May D.Might5.LaoSheisoneof________Chinesewritersofthetwentiethcentury.A.great B.greater C.greatest D.thegreatest6.—_________areyoulate?—BecauseImissedtheearlytrain.A.When B.What C.Why D.Where7.—WhereisMary?—She________theteacherswiththeposterrightnow.A.ishelping B.helped C.washelping D.willhelp8.Thestudents________alotfortheshowsincelastMonday.A.havepracticed B.practiceC.werepracticing D.practiced9.Whenmyfriendcalledlastnight,I________plansfortheMayDayholiday.A.ammaking B.havemade C.make D.wasmaking10.I’montheschoolfootballteam,andusuallywe________amatchonSaturday.A.had B.have C.arehaving D.havehad11.Thecommunitylibrary________in2023.A.builds B.isbuilt C.built D.wasbuilt12.—Doyouknow________?—NextTuesdayafternoon.Wearelookingforwardtoit.A.wherewewillhavetheschoolconcertB.wherewillwehavetheschoolconcertC.whenwewillhavetheschoolconcertD.whenwillwehavetheschoolconcert二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。“Wewerethecutestbabiesintheworld!”IsmiledandsaidtoRachelasIputupa___13___ofmeridingahorseonthewalloftheclassroom.“Iknow,lookatthisone!”Rachelpointedtothepictureofusatagefive.Webothlaughedandshookourheads.Wecouldn’tbelievethatwewouldbegraduating(毕业)inaweek.Asawayofcelebratingourchildhoods,wewereaskedtobringinpicturesofourselvesgrowingup.AsIlooked___14___fromphototophoto,frompreschoolerstoninth-graders,Ibegantolookatmyclassmatesaroundme.FirstIlookedatRachel,andI___15___thefirstdayofschool.Iwasalittlefive-year-old.Whenmymotherleftme,Ijustdidn’tknowwhattodobutcry.ThenIfeltahandonmyshoulder.IturnedaroundandsawRachel.“Whyareyoucrying?”sheasked.“Mymommyleftme.”“Wouldyouliketoplayapuzzlegametogether?”Sheoffered.Thatgotmy___16___.Ilovedpuzzlegames.Istartedtoplay,andafterafewminutes,Iwasn’tcryinganymore.Ilookedbackatthepicturesandmyeyes___17___onapictureofTony.Tonylivesrightnexttome,andwehavealwaysbeenclose.IrememberhowmuchfunIhadplaying“boys’games”,allthankstoTonymakingitpossible.“Comeon,she’sagirl—she’llmakeyouplayBarbiesorsomething,”oneoftheboysonourblocksaidtoTony.Iturnedandstartedtowalkaway.Ifelttears___18___upinmyeyeswhenIheardTonysay,“No,IwanttoplaywithSarah.We’regoingtoplaybasketball.”ThemillionsofmemoriesthatI___19___fromthoseyearssuddenlycamebacktome.Highschoolwouldbedifferent.Icouldn’timaginehowthatwouldfeel.Ilookedatthepicturesoncemoreandnoticedhow,ineverypicture,eachofuswasat___20___pointsofourlives,butwewerealwayssmiling.Wewereallokay,eventhroughallthechanges.Iwasfinallyreadyforhighschool.13.A.drawing B.diary C.picture D.poster14.A.politely B.closely C.immediately D.angrily15.A.discovered B.remembered C.compared D.imagined16.A.patience B.advice C.message D.attention17.A.landed B.carried C.darkened D.opened18.A.jump B.mix C.well D.move19.A.collected B.improved C.matched D.copied20.A.strange B.serious C.hard D.different三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)(一)A阅读下列志愿活动介绍，请根据人物意愿匹配最适合的活动，并将其对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应的位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。ADoyouenjoyteaching?Doyoulikespendingtimewithmiddleschoolstudents?Volunteerteachingisaperfectchoiceforyouifyoudo.Teachersinthecommunityareneeded.YoucanteachEnglishandmathtostudentswhoneedhelp.BDoyouhaveexperiencetakingcareoftheelderly?Workingtohelptheelderlyisn’tforeveryone.Ifyouhaveworkedinthisfield,comeandjoinusTheactivitiesinthisprojectincludehelpingtheelderlyinnursinghomes.CIfyouareinterestedinthemedicalfieldandhealthcare,thisprojectmayinterestyou.Itincludesactivitieslikevolunteeringincommunityhospitals,andgivingahelpinghandtothesickandtheirfamilieswhiletheyareseeingdoctors.DDoyouliketakingcareofanimals?Ifyoudo,youcanvolunteeryourtimewiththem.Pleasespendoneortwohourseveryweekworkingwithustohelpstreetanimals,orworkatananimalsheltertosupportanimalrights.____21________22________23____BGreg’sDiarySundayTonight,Momcalledfora“housemeeting”.Shetoldusthatshewasgoingbacktoschooltostarttakingclasses.Well,itwastotallyoutofmyexpectation.SheisalwaystherewhenIgethomefromschool,andthat’sthewayIlikeit.Butnow,wehavetomakeourowndinnersandstartdoinghousework.**********WednesdayThefirstfewnightswithMomawayhavebeenadisaster(灾难).WetriedmakingourdinneronMonday.Mannymadetheicedtea,butitwasundrinkable.Rodriccookedtheroastbeef,butitwasamess.So,webaggedthehomemademealideaandwentouttoeat.**********TuesdayMytaskistakingouttherubbish.Tonight,DadaskedmewhyIdidn’tdomyjobthismorning.HesaidIneededtostartbeingmoreresponsible.I’vehearditfromDadbefore.Lastsummer,ourneighborMs.Grove,askedmetolookafterherplantswhileshewentonbusiness.Well,IdiditforthefirstfewdaysandthenIgotbusywithotherthings.Ms.Grovewasprettymadbecausemostoftheplantsdidn’tmakeit.Thenshesentmehomewithoutpayingme.**********ThursdayWell,Dadisreallyseriousaboutmetakingonmoreresponsibility.Andfirsthewantsmetostartwakingmyselfupinthemorning.That’sactuallyarealproblembecauseIdependonhimtowakemeup.YesterdaywasthefirstdayItriedtowakemyselfup,anditdidn’tworkout.Myalarmclock(闹钟)wentoff,butthesoundjustworkeditswayintomydream.Andtodaydidn’tgoanybetter.Theproblemiswithoutanactualhumanbeingwakingmeup,mybrainisalwaysgoingtofindsomeexcusetokeepsleeping.ButIthinkImighthavefoundasolutiontothisalarmclocksituation.Ifoundanold-stylealarmclocktodayanditmakesaloudnoisewhenitgoesoff.Itesteditouttoseeifitstillworked,andsureenough,itdid.Idon’tthinkanyonecouldsleepthroughanoiselikethat.24.Whenheheardhismomwasgoingbacktoschool,Gregfelt_________.A.proud B.surprised C.excited D.relaxed25.WhatwasGreg’staskathome?A.Lookingaftertheplants. B.MakingtheicedteaC.Takingouttherubbish. D.Cookingthebeef.26.Fromthediary,wecanlearnthatGreg’sdadexpectedhimto________.A.buildupself-confidence B.becomemoreresponsibleC.makefriendswiththeneighbors D.getalongwithhisbrothersCHaveyoueverwonderedwhyyouaregoodatnoticingthingsinyourenvironmentthatarepossiblydangerous?Defensivecircuits,oneofourbrainsystems,detect(察觉)signsthatmightsuggestthreats(威胁)andpreparethebodytotakequickaction,thereforeincreasingourchancesofstayingalive.Ourdefensivecircuitsarealwaysonthelookoutforthingsthatmightbethreats.Theylookforcertainfeaturesofobjects(物体)thatmakethoseobjectsstandoutfromtheotherthingsaroundthem.Objectswiththesefeaturesaregivenpriorityinourbrains;thatis,wepayattentiontothembeforeotherthings.So,howexactlydoesourthreatdetectionwork?First,thepresenceofafeaturethatcouldsuggestathreatgrabs,orcatches,ourattentionveryquickly—itisanautomatic(自动的)process.Threatdetectionhappenssoquicklybecausethethreatinformationdoesnothavetogoallthewayaroundthecortex(大脑皮层).Youcanthinkofthisasashortcutthroughthebrain,whichgivesusmoretimetoavoidpossiblethreats.Oncewelookatsomethingthatmightbeathreat,weoftenfindlookingawaytobeverydifficult—thethreateningobjectholdsourattention.Thisprocessisalsoautomatic,anditsadvantageisthatitgivesusmoretimetocollectadditionaldetailsaboutthepossiblethreat.Thosedetailsareimportantforunderstandingwhetherwearefacingarealthreatanddecidinghowtobestdealwiththesituation.Afterwehaverecognizedthepossiblethreat,ourbrainsmustoftenmakeupforthetimewe’vespentexaminingit-weneedtoavoidpayingattentiontothethreat,andthenwecanlookaroundandprocesstherestoftheenvironment.Thiscanhelpusfindadditionalthreats,orfindawayout.Oncewedetectathreat,thedefensivecircuitsprepareourbodytotakeaction.Wemakechangestoouremotions(forexample,feelingfear)andbodyfunctions(suchasspeedingupourheartbeat).Together,thesechangesallowustoactproperlyinthreateningsituations,increasingthelikelihoodthatwewillgetawaywithoutbeingharmed.Therearedifferencesbetweenpeopleonhoweasilythedefensivesystemisactivated.Someofusarefrightenedmoreeasilythanothers,andittakeslesstoactivatethedefensivecircuits.This,however,canbeproblematic.Overlysensitivedefensivecircuitsmightstopworkingastheyshouldwhenoverused.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedefensivecircuits?A.Theywatchoutforpossibledanger.B.Theyhelpusrememberthreatfeatures.C.Theypromiseusahappyandhealthylife.D.Theyeasilystandoutfromotherbrainsystems.28.Whatdoourbrainsdotomakeupforthetimespentexaminingpossibledanger?A.Createadditionaldetailsimmediately.B.Activateashortcutthroughthecortex.C.Pushourbodytomakelastingchanges.D.Redirectourattentiontotherestoftheenvironment.29.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howdoesyourbrainworkinvarioussituations?B.Whatmakesusdifferentwhenitcomestofacingthreats?C.Whyareweoverlysensitivetocertainthreateningobjects?D.Whathappensinyourbrainwhenyounoticesomethingfrightening?DOnaSaturdayafternoon,yourbestfriendcallsyouandsaysheneedshelpmoving.Yougladlyshowuptohelp.Whenyouaredone,hehandsyousomemoney,saying“Thanksforyourhelp.”Thesituationsuddenlyfeelsawkward(尴尬的).Whydoesn’tdirectpaymentfitthesituation?AccordingtoeconomistDanAriely,weliveintwoworlds—onegovernedbysocialnorms(规范),andtheothercharacterizedbymarketnorms.Socialnormsarepartofoursocialnature.Theyincludethefriendlyrequests(请求)thatpeoplemakeofoneanotherandimmediatepaybackisnotrequired.Inthesecondworld,wheremarketnormsmaketherules,peopleworkformoneyandgetwhattheypayfor.Marketrelationshipsarenotnecessarilybadormean,buttheydosuggestcomparablebenefitsandimmediatepayments.Whenwekeepsocialnormsandmarketnormsontheirseparatepaths,thingsmovealongsmoothly.Moreover,whensocialandmarketnormsrunintoeachother,theresultsarenotsatisfying.Therewasanexperimentinvolvingdaycarecenterfines.Someparentswouldarrivelatetopickuptheirchildren,sofineswereintroduced.However,thismademoreparentslate.Beforethefinewasintroduced,parentsweresorryforkeepingtheteacherswaiting,andthismadethemfeelcompelledtoarriveontimeinthefuture.Buttheintroductionofthefinereplacedthissocialnormwithamarketnorm.Parentsfelttheywerepayingtobeallowedtochoosewhethertheywantedtobelate.Evenafterthecenterremovedthefine,theparentsdidn’treturntosocialnormsandthenumberoflatepick-upsdidn’tdrop.Theresultshowedafact:whenaspecialnormrunsintoamarketnorm,thesocialnormgoesawayandseldomreturns.However,doesthisnecessarilymeanmarketnormsalwayshaveabiggereffectthansocialnorms?Arielyperformedanexperimentbypayingpeople$5(Group1)or$0.50(Group2)fordragging(拖动)circlesacrossacomputerscreenforfiveminutes.Withpayment,heexpectedthemtousemarketnormsinthatsituationandactaccordingly.AndtoGroup3,heintroducedthetaskasasocialrequest,justaskingthemforhelp.TheresultsshowedthatGroup1draggedonaverage159circles,andGroup2draggedabout101circles.Buttheoneswhowerepaidnothingdragged168circles.Whenpeoplewerepaid,motivation(动力)andproductivityroseaspayrose,butpeopleworkedevenharderundersocialnormsthanformoney,Why?Becausepeoplelovetofeelthattheyhavehelpedothers.Moneyisthemostexpensivewaytomotivatepeople.Socialnormsarenotonlycheaper,butoftenmoreeffectiveaswell.Moneywilltakeyouonlysofar—socialnormsaretheforcesthatcanmakeadifferenceinthelongrun.30.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfitswithinsocialnorms?A.Payingafriendforhisvoluntaryhelp.B.Finingaworkerbecauseofhismistakes.C.Offeringaneighborafreeridetotheairport.D.Returningaproducttogetyourmoneyback.31.Thewords“feelcompelledto”inParagraph4mostprobablymean________.A.remainunwillingto B.thinkitnecessarytoC.beafraidto D.finditeasyto32.WhatcanwelearnaboutDanAriely’sexperimentinParagraph5?A.Arielyexpectedpeopletohelpeachothertocompletethetask.B.Theresultsuggestedwhoshouldreceivethehighestpayment.C.Peopleintheexperimentactedaccordingtothesamenorms.D.Theexperimentshowedtheeffectsofthetwonorms.33.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterprobablyagreesthat_________.A.socialnormscanplayagreatroleinsocietyB.marketnormsaren’teffectiveastheyusedtobeC.betterperformancesometimesleadstolowerpayD.peopleshouldreplacemarketnormswithsocialnorms第二部分本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。四、阅读表达(34—36题，每题2分；37题4分。共10分)Thesummerof2023sawrecord-breakingheatwavesacrossmanypartsoftheworld.Astemperaturescontinuetorise,theeffectofcarbonemissions(碳排放)ontheenvironmenthasbecomeabigproblem.Studiesshowthetravelindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions,withairtravelalonecausingabout2.8%ofthem.Toaddressthisproblem,Intrepid—atravelcompany,hassuggesteda“carbonpassport”initsrecentreport.Theideabehinditisthateachtravelerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit,andnobodycangooverthatlimit.Usingcarbonpassportsmeanstravelerswillhavetotakefewerflightstolowertheir“carbonfootprint”—theCO2emissionsfromtheiractions.Atpresent,thecarbonfootprintofeachpersonisaboutfourtonsyearlyonaverage(平均).Tolimittemperaturerisetoacceptablelevelsby2050,ourgoalshouldbebelowtwotons.Inlinewiththisgoal,someEuropeancountriesaretakingstepstoreduceairtravel.InFrance,localflightsarecanceledifthesametripscanbemadebytrainin2.5hoursorless.InBelgium,additionalcharges(收费)areaddedtoshort-distanceflightstoencourageotherformsoftravel.Intrepidconsiderstheideaofa“carbonpassport”effectivewithmorepeopleinvolvedin.Travelerswillreceiveinformationabouttheircarbonfootprintsandchangetheirtravelhabits.Andbusinesseswillbepushedtousemoregreenpractices.AlexHawkins,oneofthewritersofthereport,says,“Thesepassportswillmakeusthinkmoreabouthowourtripsinfluencetheenvironment.”Whenitcomestomonitoringeveryone’scarbonemission,AnnaAbelson,aprofessoroftheNewYorkUniversitythinksitwouldbeachallengeintermsoflogistics(统计).Evenifweworkthatout,therearestillsomeworries.Forexample,peoplemightnotbeabletotakejobsfarawayorvisitfamilyinothercitiesasoften.Someevenworryaboutprivacyandpersonalfreedomifwestartmonitoringandlimitingpeople’sairtravel.“Gettingeveryoneonboardwithcarbonpassportswon’tbeeasy.”Hawkinsadded,“Itwouldneedsupportfromlotsofdifferentpeopleandgroupsallovertheworld.”However,evenwiththechallenges,theideaofcarbonpassportsshowstheneedforustotakeactiontogethertofightclimatechangeandmaketraveleco-friendlier.34.Whichindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheworld’scarbonemissions?__________________________________________________________35.Whatistheideabehinda“carbonpassport”?__________________________________________________________36.HowdoesFrancereduceairtravel?___________________________________________________________37.Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofa“carbonpassport”?Whydoyouthinkso?(Pleasegivetworeasons.)___________________________________________________________五、文段表达(10分)从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目①38.假设你是李华。你校交换生将与你们共同参加学校的外出活动。作为学生会主席，你将给他们做行前动员。请用英文写一篇讲话稿，告知他们外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。提示词语：park,climb,careful,avoid提示问题：●Whenandwherewillyoutakethefieldtrip?●Whatactivitiesareyougoingtododuringthetrip?●Whatsafetyadvicewouldyouliketogivethem?Hello,everyone.I’mgladtotellyouthatwearegoingtotakeafieldtrip._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hopewecanhaveagoodtime.题目②39.初中三年，一定有很多课给你留下了深刻的印象。假设你是李华。你校英文公众号正在开展以“MyMostMemorableClass”为主题的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章投稿，介绍你最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课为什么令你难忘。提示词语：science,music,experiment,sing,interesting提示问题：●Whatwasyourmostmemorableclass?●Whywastheclassmemorable?MyMostMemorableClass________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案第一部分本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.【答案】A【详解】句意：我姐姐喜欢画画，她将来想成为一名艺术家。考查代词辨析。she她；he他；it它；they他们。此处指代“我姐姐”，用代词she。故选A。2.【答案】C【详解】句意：我喜欢在公园边锻炼边听音乐。考查介词辨析。on在……上；under在……下；in在……里；to到。根据“thepark”可知是在公园里，应用介词in。故选C。3.【答案】B【详解】句意：——琳达，你还想再来点披萨吗？——不，谢谢。披萨很好吃，但我已经饱了。考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；because因为；or或者。分析题干，前后句为转折的意思，应用转折连词but，故选B。4.【答案】B【详解】句意：——你能看到街对面的牌子吗，汤姆？——不，我不能。考查一般疑问句和动词辨析。Must必须；Can能；May也许；Might可能。根据答语“No,Ican’t.”可知，询问能力，故选B。5.【答案】D【详解】句意：老舍是二十世纪最伟大的中国作家之一。考查最高级。本句是“oneofthe+最高级+名词复数”句式，故空格处是thegreatest。故选D。6.【答案】C【详解】句意：——你为什么迟到？——因为我错过了早班火车。考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候，询问时间；What什么，询问具体信息；Why为什么，询问原因；Where在哪里，询问地点。根据回答“BecauseImissedtheearlytrain.”可知，询问原因，用Why。故选C。7.【答案】A【详解】句意：——玛丽在哪儿?——她现在正在帮助老师们制作海报。考查现在进行时。根据时间状语“rightnow”可知，事情正在发生，用现在进行时，其结构为：主语+be(am/is/are)+v-ing形式+其它。主语是第三人称She，系动词用is。故选A。8.【答案】A【详解】句意：从上周一开始，学生们为演出做了大量的练习。考查时态。根据“sincelastMonday”可知，此处应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为“Thestudents”，助动词用have，故选A。9.【答案】D【详解】句意：昨晚我朋友打来电话时，我正在为五一假期做计划。考查动词时态。根据“Whenmyfriendcalledlastnight”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选D。10.【答案】B【详解】句意：我在学校的足球队，我们经常在周六有一场比赛。考查动词时态。根据“usually”可知，此句是一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作，且主语“we”是复数，所以用动词原形have。故选B。11.【答案】D【详解】句意：社区图书馆建于2023年。考查时态和语态。主语“Thecommunitylibrary”与动词build之间是动宾关系，结合“in2023”可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。12.【答案】C【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行学校音乐会吗？——下周二下午。我们很期待。考查宾语从句及宾语从句的语序。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，可排除B项和D项；根据答语“NextTuesdayafternoon.”可知，此处询问时间。故选C。二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)【答案】13.C14.B15.B16.D17.A18.C19.A20.D【导语】本文主要介绍了为了庆祝我们的童年，我们在快毕业的时候被要求带上自己成长的照片，并介绍了一些照片中的故事。【13题详解】句意：我微笑着对瑞秋说，我把我骑马的照片挂在教室的墙上。drawing画；diary日记；picture图片；poster海报。根据“Rachelpointedtothepictureofusatagefive”可知是把照片挂在墙上。故选C。【14题详解】句意：当我从幼儿园到九年级学生，从一张照片到另一张照片仔细观察时，我开始看着周围的同学。politely礼貌地；closely接近地；immediately立刻；angrily生气地。根据“looked...fromphototophoto”可知是靠近点观察照片。故选B。【15题详解】句意：首先我看着瑞秋，我想起了上学的第一天。discovered发现；remembered记得；compared比较；imagined想象。根据“thefirstdayofschool”可知是想起了上学的第一天。故选B。【16题详解】句意：这引起了我的注意。patience耐心；advice建议；message信息；attention注意。根据“Ilovedpuzzlegames.Istartedtoplay”可知益智游戏引起了自己的注意，因为自己喜欢益智游戏。故选D。【17题详解】句意：我回头看了看照片，眼睛落在托尼的照片上。landed落下；carried携带；darkened变暗；opened打开。根据“onapictureofTony”可知眼神落在了托尼的照片上。故选A。【18题详解】句意：当我听到托尼说“不，我想和莎拉一起玩。我们要去打篮球。”，我觉得眼泪夺眶而出。jump跳；mix混合；well流出；move移动。根据“Ifelttears”可知是眼泪留下来。故选C。【19题详解】句意：我从那些年里收集的数以百万计的记忆突然回到了我的脑海中。collected收集；improved提高；matched匹配；copied复制。根据“ThemillionsofmemoriesthatI...fromthoseyears”可知是那些年收集的这些回忆。故选A。【20题详解】句意：我又看了一遍这些照片，注意到在每一张照片中，我们每个人都处于人生的不同阶段，但我们总是面带微笑。strange奇怪的；serious严肃的；hard难的；different不同的。根据“eachofuswasat...pointsofourlives”可知是处于不同的阶段。故选D。三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)(一)【答案】21.A22.C23.D【导语】文章主要介绍了志愿者活动。【21题详解】根据“I’dliketohelpstudentswhoarehavingtroublewithEnglishandmath.”可知，迈克想帮助在数学和方面有困难的学生；选项A“你可以教英语和数学给需要帮助的学生。”与之相匹配，故选A。【22题详解】根据“I'minterestedinhealthcareandwillingtohelpoutincommunityhospitals.”可知，爱丽丝对医疗健康非常感兴趣，想在社区医院志愿服务，选项C“如果你对医疗领域和医疗保健感兴趣，这个项目可能会让你感兴趣。”与之相匹配，故选C。【23题详解】根据“Ilikecatsanddogsandhopetodosomethingforstreetanimals.”可知，简喜欢动物，想帮助流浪动物，选项D中“请每周花一到两个小时与我们一起帮助街头动物，或者在动物收容所工作，支持动物权利。”与之相匹配，故选D。【答案】24.B25.C26.B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，为四篇日记。日记主要记录了格雷格的日常生活情况。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一篇日记中“Well,itwastotallyoutofmyexpectation.”可知，格雷格对妈妈要回学校上课这件事感到出乎意料。故选B。【25题详解】C【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三篇日记中“HesaidIneededtostartbeingmoreresponsible.”和第四篇日记中“Well,Dadisreallyseriousaboutmetakingonmoreresponsibility.”可知，爸爸想让格雷格承担更多的责任，变得更有责任感。故选B。【答案】27.A28D29D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能的问题。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ourdefensivecircuitsarealwaysonthelookoutforthingsthatmightbethreats.”我们的防御回路总是在寻找可能构成威胁的东西，可推测此处是指它们警惕可能发生的危险。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“weneedtoavoidpayingattentiontothethreat,andthenwecanlookaroundandprocesstherestoftheenvironment.”可知，此处是指把我们的注意力转移到环境的其他部分。故选D。【29题详解】最佳标题类。通读全文，主要讲述了我们的大脑如何在面临威胁时作出反应，以及这种反应机制的优点和可能的问题，选项D“当你注意到可怕的事情时，你的大脑会发生什么”符合题意。故选D。【答案】30.C31.B32.D33.A【导语】本文主要介绍了我们生活在两个世界，一个是社会规范统治的世界，一个是以市场规范为特征的世界，并通过实验表明从长远来看，社会规范更能够产生影响。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“Socialnormsarepartofoursocialnature.Theyincludethefriendlyrequests(请求)thatpeoplemakeofoneanotherandimmediatepaybackisnotrequired.”可知，社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们相互友好的请求，并且不需要立即回报。因此C选项“让邻居搭便车去机场”符合社会规范。故选C。【31题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Beforethefinewasintroduced,parentsweresorryforkeepingtheteacherswaiting,andthismadethemfeelcompelledtoarriveontimeinthefuture.”可知，在罚款开始之前，家长们为让老师们久等而感到抱歉，因此这让他们觉得以后有必要准时到达。因此划线单词表示“认为有必要”。故选B。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheresultsshowedthatGroup1draggedonaverage159circles,andGroup2draggedabout101circles.Buttheoneswhowerepaidnothingdragged168circles.Whenpeoplewerepaid,motivation(动力)andproductivityroseaspayrose,butpeopleworkedevenharderundersocialnormsthanformoney,Why?Becausepeoplelovetofeelthattheyhavehelpedothers.”可知，当人们得到报酬时，动力和生产力随着报酬的增加而增加，但人们在社会规范下比为钱更努力工作，由此可知这项实验表明了这两种规范的影响。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Socialnormsarenotonlycheaper,butoftenmoreeffectiveaswell.Moneywilltakeyouonlysofar—socialnormsaretheforcesthatcanmakeadifferenceinthelongrun.”可知，社会规范不仅成本更低，而且往往更有效，因此作者可能同意社会规范可以在社会中发挥很大的作用。故选A。第二部分本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。四、【答案】34.Thetravelindustry(isresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions).35.Theideabehinditisthateachtravellerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimitandnobodycangooverthatlimit.36.Bycancellinglocalflightsifthesametripscanbemadebytrainin2.5hoursorlessinFrance.37.Ithinktheideaofa“carbonpassport”isgood.BecauseitcanhelptoreducethecarbonemissionsandraiseourspiritofprotectingourEarth.(开放题，合理即可。)【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍为了减少碳排放，一个旅游公司建议使用“碳护照”，很多国家也纷纷采取行动去减少航空旅行。【34题详解】根据“Astemperaturescontinuetorise,theeffectofcarbonemissions(碳排放)ontheenvironmenthasbecomeabigproblemStudiesshowthetravelindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions”可知，旅游业会导致10%的碳排放。故填Thetravelindustry(isresponsibleforabout10%oftheseemissions)。【35题详解】根据“Theideabehinditisthateachtravelerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit,andnobodycangooverthatlimit.”可知，其背后的想法是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳排放上限，没有人可以超过这个上限。故填Theideabehinditisthateachtravellerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit