2024年高考英语：热点练 阅读理解话题社会现象学生版

热点练06阅读理解话题-社会现象

命题趋势

历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理

判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又

兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具

体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词

汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。

满分技巧

特别注意并做记号的有：

（1）标志类、指示类的信息。

①表示并列关系：and,also,coupledwith等；

②表不转折关系：but,yet,however,bycontrast等；

③表7K因果关系：therefore,thereby,consequently,asaresult等；

④表示递进关系：inadditionto,even,what,smore,furthermore等；

⑤表示重要性的词：prime,aboveall,first等。

以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。

⑵具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的（贬）,excessively过分的（贬）,

objective（客观）等。

热点话题

服务与沟通

生活与工作

社会发展

限时检测

真题链接

（每篇限时7分钟）

Passage1

（2022新高考I卷C篇）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggiven

henstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimprove

elderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aserious

illnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewhere

hensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"Iusedtokeep

henswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.9,

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensout

anddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethe

hensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit

feelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,and

thecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembavkonthe

project,said:'"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.,,

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.9,

1.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

Passage2

（2021浙江1月卷B篇）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohn

ElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulation

growth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginone

prediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.

Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivity

theyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,

whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.

Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywith

bothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingin

car-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.

Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslost

opportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentsthereare

lostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.

Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha"good",

quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry,,.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereover

thedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipandits

limits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.

Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线），withdaysof

regular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthan

nothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,

lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainly

worthtrying.

5.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins*predictionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

6.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?

A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.

C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.

7.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?

A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.

C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.

Passage3

（2021全国乙卷B篇）Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfof

Australianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn't

ownamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryone

canmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostill

havealandline,athirdconcedethatifsnotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurity

blanket-19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageis

naturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50

years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohavea

homephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint

whereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerID

wouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

20.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede“inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.

C.Remember.D.Remark.

22.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers9identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

23.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

Passage4

（2020全国III卷C篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation（孤独）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,

shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofa

growingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.

Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,

bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,9,saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhis

mother-m-law.^^

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldI

recommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.^^

Ifshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthe

numbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholds

withthreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in200Ito419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeir

elderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itis

saidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.The

totalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingis

morefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomovein

withtheirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.

24.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

25.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

26.Whatistheauthor9sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

Passage5

（2022全国甲卷D篇）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,

Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthings

thatwerejustsortofthere-broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.

Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I

spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrew

shutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways-heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethe

city.

"I'llmisstheseoldboats/9hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?"Iasked.

“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotso

elegant,andthey'renotfuntopilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），and

traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinits

rushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinest

buildings."Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,“shesaid,"Wecan'tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetter

atresolving（解决）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthis

whenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelack

cultureinthiscountry,hetoldme."WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycameto

Australia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemore

still.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoung

country.It'saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.^^

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

35.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney5sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney9sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

36.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

37.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

38.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

Passage6

（2022全国乙卷D篇）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuch

moneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhas

shown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5g

ofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today9schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（带!I造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers,effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasury

figures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxand

arerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

39.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

40.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts9sugarcontent.

41.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.

C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.

42.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

Passage9

（2022新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthe

common"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertain

soundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-related

changesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f'and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（对齐），makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and"v"increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

43.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

44.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

45.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

46.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

Passage7

（2021全国甲卷D篇）Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindfor

centuries.

Lefsstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfor

genius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthat

somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropean

origin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.Ifssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthose

victorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadeby

geniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikely

thanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（，性另lj）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,the

studyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefor

childrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.^^Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecome

discouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力），andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.^^

47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors?standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They^eunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

48.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs

49.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors9concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

50.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

Passage8

（2020浙江7月卷B篇）ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,

generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,

thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditional

trafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethe

trafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatis

gainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimeto

trafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboth

thetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.

（"Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,“

saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.

ForallofBellevue'ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.Kevin

Balke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhile

smartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharp

reductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.6tIfsnotgoingto

fixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,hesays.

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnew

approaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidenthe

roads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment5strafficengineeringmanager.

Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjust

makingthembigger.

51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.

C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.

52.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?

A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.

B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.

C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.

D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.

53.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?

A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.

C.Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.

Passage9

（2020全国HI卷D篇）Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurred

billionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesof

humanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadapted

tolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegaineda

mutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

adaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheast

Asiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthe

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylived

onhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.uThey

aresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.They

madealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.<4Weweresoamazedthattheycould

stayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid.tuIcouldseethemactually

walkingunderthesea."

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,

heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionof

physicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefor

naturalselectiontoactonapopulation,9,saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumber

ofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

54.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

55.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

56.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

57.Whatcanbea