必修三Unit3DiverseCultures单元培优综合测试卷

必修三Unit3DiverseCultures单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·河北沧州·三模）Somecitiesacrosstheworldarewellknowntouristdestinationsandmanagetoattractmostoftheglobaltourists.Whateverthereasonis,thereisnodoubtthattheyaretheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations.KualaLumpurThecapitalofMalaysiaservesasthebasefortouristsvisitingMalaysia.Thecityhasamodernskylinethatisdominatedbytheworld’stallesttwinbuildings,thePetronasTwinTowers.Touristlovethecityasithasnumerousgreatsightsandattractions.Besides,therearesimplytoomanychoiceswhenitestodiningoptions.IstanbulAsTurkey’scapitalandmostpopulouscity,thecity’slocationhasattractedalargenumberofempiresandconquerorsinthepast.Today,thecityservesasoneofthetoptouristdestinationsintheworldandisregardedastheculturalandhistoricalcenterofTurkey.LondonThebiggestandcapitalcityoftheUnitedKingdom,locatedonthebanksoftheThamesRiver,hasarichhistoryandculturethatmakesitoneofthemostvisitedcitiesintheworld.Thecity’smuseumshaverichcollectionsofhistoricandprehistoricartifactsandbuildingsthatdisplayagreatdiversityofarchitecturalstylesfromthepasttothepresent.BangkokThailand’slargestandcapitalcityislocatedintheChaoPhrayaRiverdeltainthecountry,servingasthemaingatewayforinternationaltouristsenteringThailand.Theattractions,urbanlifeandrichculturemakeitafavoriteamongtouristsseekingentertainmentatareasonableprice.ThenightlifeofBangkokattractsyoungtouristsfromacrosstheworld.1．WhatmakesKualaLumpurunique?A．Themodernsightsandattractions. B．Theworld’stallesttwinbuildings.C．Thelargestnumberoftourists. D．Thenumerousdininghalls.2．WhatdoIstanbulandLondonhaveinmon?A．Theyshowdifferentbuildingstothetourists. B．Theyarethebiggestcityintheirowncountry.C．Theyarethecitiesmostpopularwithtourists. D．Theyhavethelongesthistoryintheworld.3．Whichcityisremendedformoneysavingtravel?A．KualaLumpur. B．Istanbul. C．London. D．Bangkok.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界著名的旅游城市及它们各自的特色。1．细节理解题。根据KualaLumpur部分中“Thecityhasamodernskylinethatisdominatedbytheworld’stallesttwinbuildings,thePetronasTwinTowers.(这座城市拥有现代化的天际线，由世界上最高的石油双子塔主宰)”可知，双塔是吉隆坡的标志性建筑。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Istanbul部分中“Today,thecityservesasoneofthetoptouristdestinationsintheworldandisregardedastheculturalandhistoricalcenterofTurkey.(今天，这座城市是世界上最热门的旅游目的地之一，被认为是土耳其的文化和历史中心)”和London部分中“ThebiggestandcapitalcityoftheUnitedKingdom,locatedonthebanksoftheThamesRiver,hasarichhistoryandculturethatmakesitoneofthemostvisitedcitiesintheworld.(伦敦是英国最大的首都，位于泰晤士河畔，拥有丰富的历史和文化，使其成为世界上访问量最大的城市之一)”可知，二者都是最受游客欢迎的城市。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据Bangkok部分中“Theattractions,urbanlifeandrichculturemakeitafavoriteamongtouristsseekingentertainmentatareasonableprice.(这里的景点、城市生活和丰富的文化使它成为寻求以合理价格娱乐的游客的最爱)”可知，在曼谷旅游更省钱。故选D。B（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）WhenMarkTwainvisitedFlorence(佛罗伦萨)in1867,hedutifullyvisitedthecity’smuseums,churches,andtombs.ButashestoodbytheArno,hebegantosensetheItalians’insistencethatitwasariver,notastream.“Theyallcallitariver,andtheyhonestlythinkitisariver,dothesedarkandbloodyFlorentines,”heplained,“ImightenterFlorenceunderhappiercircumstancesamonthhenceandfinditallbeautiful,allattractive.ButIdonotcaretothinkofitnow,atall.”It’snormaltofeelunfortableoutsideyourhomeculture.Feelingsofdisfort,dislocation,andoverloadamongtravelersarereferredtobymanyas“cultureshock.”ButSusanGoldstein,aprofessorattheUniversityofRedlandssays,“Thoughthetermhasexistedformanyyears,‘Cultureshock’impliesadramatic,unexpected,negativeevent.Thoughmanytravelerswillexperiencesuchchallenges,arealsenseof‘shock’isuntypical.Sountypicalthatmanyresearchersnolongerusetheterm.”ItwasthevividdescriptionofcultureshockbyCanadianresearcherOberg,writtenin1960inresponsetohisownmulticulturalexperiences,thatwonoveraudiences.Theresearcherspokeoftheadjustmentprocessas“anoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavesuddenlybeentransplantedabroad”—a“disease”thatprogressedfromahoneymoonphase,throughrejectingthenewenvironment,tofinallyadjustingfullytoit.Bythe1970smanyresearchersadoptedtheideathat,likephysicalillnesses,cultureshockprogressedthrougharemarkablyconsistentanduniversalsetofstages.Modernresearch,however,suggeststhattheexperiencesofadaptationareindividual,notuniversal.“Peoplewillhavetheirupsanddowns,butforthemostpart,theywillbeeincreasinglyfortableandpetentovertime,”Goldsteinsays.Andwhilemanyconnectthecausesofcultureshocktothehostcultureitself,anindividual’sinternalexpectationsanddifferencesarejustasimportant.AsforMarkTwain,themoodyauthorwasabletorideouthisfeelingsofupsetanddislocationwhiletraveling.HeeventuallyfinishedouthisEuropeantourandinhisbestsellingtravelmemoirTheInnocentsAbroad,famouslyremarkedthattravelis“fataltoprejudiceandnarrowmindedness.”Withtherightattitudeandthewillingnesstoseekhelpifyouneeditit’smorethanlikelythatyou,too,canadaptandgrowinnewsettings,buildingnewmemoriesandtoughnesswitheachnewstampinyourpassport.4．HowdidMarkTwainfeelaboutItalians’insistence?A．Annoyed. B．Calm. C．Uninterested. D．Curious.5．Whatcanbeinferredaboutcultureshock?A．Itwouldleadtophysicaldiseases.B．Itwasregardedasanavoidablething.C．Itwasnamedforpeople’sadjustment.D．Ithadgainedwideacceptancebythe1970s.6．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Suggestionsaboutcultureshock.B．Achangeinunderstandingcultureshock.C．Stressoftheimportanceofcultureshock.D．Acriticismofpreviousideaofcultureshock.7．WhyisMarkTwainmentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Torememberhim. B．Toinformandanticipate.C．Toconcludeandencourage. D．Tomaketheendinghumorous.【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨“文化冲击”的概念、人们对异国他乡适应过程的理解，以及通过旅行获得成长和新的体验的可能性。4．推理判断题。根据第一段““Theyallcallitariver,andtheyhonestlythinkitisariver,dothesedarkandbloodyFlorentines,”heplained(“他们都说它是一条河，而且他们真的认为它是一条河，这些黑暗、血腥的佛罗伦萨人就是这样认为的，”他抱怨道)”可知，MarkTwain对意大利人的坚持是生气的，故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Bythe1970smanyresearchersadoptedtheideathat,likephysicalillnesses,cultureshockprogressedthrougharemarkablyconsistentanduniversalsetofstages.(到20世纪70年代，许多研究人员接受了这样一种观点，即像身体疾病一样，文化冲击的发展经历了一系列非常一致和普遍的阶段。)”可知，到20世纪70年代，文化冲击得到了广泛的接受。故选D。6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Peoplewillhavetheirupsanddowns,butforthemostpart,theywillbeeincreasinglyfortableandpetentovertime(人们会有起起落落，但在大多数情况下，随着时间的推移，他们会变得越来越舒适和胜任)”和“Andwhilemanyconnectthecausesofcultureshocktothehostcultureitself,anindividual’sinternalexpectationsanddifferencesarejustasimportant.(虽然许多人将文化冲击的原因与东道国文化本身联系起来，但个人的内在期望和差异也同样重要。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是对文化冲击理解的改变。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“HeeventuallyfinishedouthisEuropeantourandinhisbestsellingtravelmemoirTheInnocentsAbroad,famouslyremarkedthattravelis“fataltoprejudiceandnarrowmindedness.”Withtherightattitudeandthewillingnesstoseekhelpifyouneeditit’smorethanlikelythatyou,too,canadaptandgrowinnewsettings,buildingnewmemoriesandtoughnesswitheachnewstampinyourpassport.(他最终结束了他的欧洲之旅——在他最畅销的旅行回忆录TheInnocentsAbroad中，他有一句名言：旅行“对偏见和狭隘是致命的”。有了正确的态度——以及在需要时寻求帮助的意愿——你也很有可能在新的环境中适应和成长，在你护照上的每一个新印记上建立新的记忆和韧性。)”可知，最后一段提到MarkTwain的目的是为了总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C。C（2024·辽宁丹东·二模）Foodwasteacrosstheglobecontinuestofuelclimatechange,naturelossandpollutionwhilehurtingtheglobaleconomyaccordingtotheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024,whichsaysitisimportantforcountriestoconnectthefightagainsthungerandthethreeglobalcrisisofclimatechange,pollutionandbiodiversityloss.Thereport,whosefindingsrevealedthatthetotalfoodlossontheglobaleconomyisestimatedatroughly$1trillion,emphasizedthatreducingfoodwasteisanopportunitytoreducecostsandtacklesomeofthebiggestenvironmentalandsocialissuesofourtime:climatechangeandfoodinsecurity.Whilemakingopeningremarksattheconferencethatlaunchedthereport,DechenTsering,actingdirectoroftheclimatechangedivisionattheUNEP,saidgovernmentpolices,suchastaxrebates(退税)andwastecollectionfees,couldbeusedtostimulatechangesinbusinesspracticesandconsumerbehavior.Inaddition,betterdataonthecostoffoodwasteandtheenvironmental,economic,andsocialbenefitsoflimitingfoodwastecouldhelpinfluenceinvestorsandconsumers.Accordingtothereport,asof2022,only21countrieshadincludedfoodlossandwastereductionintheirnationalclimateplans,includingChina,Namibia,SierraLeone,etc.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeoplewhoarefoodinsecureandinurgentneedofhumanitarianassistanceintheGreaterHornofAfricaroseto74millionattheendofFebruary,accordingtoanotherreportreleasedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsandotheragencies.Theinternationalagenciessaidthatthe2023ElNinorainscontributedtotheriseinthenumberofpeopleinneedofhumanitarianassistanceintheregion.WithwetterthannormalconditionsforecastinmostpartsofAfricancountriesduringthe2024MarchMayrainfallseason,thesituationmaynotimprove.8．WhatdoestheReport2024indicate?A．Foodlossisthebiggestproblemtotackle.B．Seriouspollutioncancausefoodinsecurity.C．Foodwasteworsenstheenvironmentalsituation.D．Manycountriesarecooperatingtofightagainsthunger.9．WhichofthefollowingmayDechenagreewith?A．Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbygovernment.B．Unnecessarycostsinclimateleadtodevelopmentproblems.C．Datamakenosensetoconsumerbehaviorandinvestors’decision.D．Avoidingwastecollectionfeesisbeneficialtolimitingfoodwaste.10．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．HumanitarianassistanceistheonlywaytohelpAfricanpeople.B．FoodinsecurityisstillabigchallengetomanyAfricancountries.C．ThesituationoffoodwasteinAfricabeesmoreandmoresevere.D．Thenumberofpeopleneedinghelpisincreasingmainlyduetobadweather.11．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．TorevealtheurgentfinancialsituationinAfrica.B．Tostressthenecessityoffoodwasteprevention.C．Tocallforthejointeffortsofgovernmentsinclimate.D．Toraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalconservation.【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》发现，食物浪费加剧了气候变化。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Foodwasteacrosstheglobecontinuestofuelclimatechange,naturelossandpollutionwhilehurtingtheglobaleconomyaccordingtotheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024(根据联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》，全球范围内的食物浪费继续加剧气候变化、自然损失和污染，同时损害全球经济)”可知，该报告表明食物浪费使环境状况恶化。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whilemakingopeningremarksattheconferencethatlaunchedthereport,DechenTsering,actingdirectoroftheclimatechangedivisionattheUNEP,saidgovernmentpolices,suchastaxrebates(退税)andwastecollectionfees,couldbeusedtostimulatechangesinbusinesspracticesandconsumerbehavior.Inaddition,betterdataonthecostoffoodwasteandtheenvironmental,economic,andsocialbenefitsoflimitingfoodwastecouldhelpinfluenceinvestorsandconsumers.(联合国环境规划署气候变化部门代理主任DechenTsering在发布报告的会议上致开幕词时说，退税和废物收集费等政府政策可以用来刺激商业惯例和消费者行为的变化。此外，更好地了解食物浪费的成本以及限制食物浪费所带来的环境、经济和社会效益，可能有助于影响投资者和消费者)”可知，在DechenTsering看来政府应该采取有效的措施。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“thenumberofpeoplewhoarefoodinsecureandinurgentneedofhumanitarianassistanceintheGreaterHornofAfricaroseto74millionattheendofFebruary(截至2月底，大非洲之角粮食不安全、急需人道主义援助的人数已上升至7400万人)”和最后一段中“WithwetterthannormalconditionsforecastinmostpartsofAfricancountriesduringthe2024MarchMayrainfallseason,thesituationmaynotimprove.(预计在2024年3月至5月的降雨季节，非洲大部分国家将比正常情况更潮湿，这种情况可能不会改善)”可知，粮食不安全仍然是许多非洲国家面临的一大挑战。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“itisimportantforcountriestoconnectthefightagainsthungerandthethreeglobalcrisisofclimatechange,pollutionandbiodiversityloss(各国必须将抗击饥饿与气候变化、污染和生物多样性丧失这三大全球危机联系起来)”可知，文章主要讲述联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》发现，食物浪费加剧了气候变化，目的是强调阻止食物浪费的必要性，故选B。D（2024·重庆九龙坡·三模）DuringYangZhongkai’searlyyears,a500yearoldmajesticginkgotreethatdidnotsproutleavesfortwotothreeyearsatastretchusedtobeadailysightforhimonhiswaytoandfromhighschool.Sincevillagerswidelyregardedthetreeashavingthepowertomaketheirwishesetrue,theyusedtokneeldowninfrontofthe“lucky”treeandburnofferingsunderit,whichledtoprolongedheatexposureatitsroots,stuntingitsgrowth.“Millionsofsucholdtreesareinurgentneedofprotectiongiventheirimportanceasvitalbiologicalresourcesandsymbolsofecologicalcivilization,”saidYang,whostartedtheteam—Zhiyue—dedicatedtoprotectingancienttrees.“ButtherecordingandmanagementofancientandfamoustreesnationwidemonlyrelyonExcelspreadsheets(电子表格),whichpresentissuessuchasinformationsilos,lackofrealtimeupdatesandinpletecontent,”hesaid.However,thingshavechangedoflate.YangandhisteamnowusetheartificialintelligencetechnologydevelopedbyTencentCloudtoidentifyandregistertreesaccuratelybasedonindividualtraitsandGPStracking.“Withtheaccelerationofanewgenerationoftechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialtransformation,newtechnologiesbringmoreexcitementtotheprotectionofancienttrees.”Yangsaid.“Wecannowcollectdataonthetrees’growth,healthandenvironmentinrealtime,whichhelpsusmakeinformeddecisionsonhowtobetterprotectthem.”“InadditiontoapplyingcuttingedgetechnologiessuchasAIandlargemodelstoassistinthedevelopmentoftraditionalindustries,thepanyalsomakesgreateffortstopromotethedevelopmentofcharitablecausesthroughtechnologicalandplatformadvantages,“WuYunshengsaid,vicepresidentofTencentCloud,addingthat“thepoweroftechnologycanchangetheworld”.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stunting”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Preventing. B．Promoting. C．Measuring. D．Maintaining.13．Whatproblemdidancienttreesfaceaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Thelackofeffectiveprotectionmeasures.B．Theriskofinformationlossandaccuracy.C．Thedestructionbylocalvillagers.D．Theextremeheatfromburning.14．WhatdoweknowaboutTencentCloud'snewtechnology?A．Itenablesthecollectionofrealtimedataontrees'growth.B．Itisavaluabletoolforpeopletoprotecttheecosystem.C．Ithasbeenwidelyusedinthetraditionalindustries.D．ItcanquicklyupdatethenumberoftreesinChina.15．Whichisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A．ModernTechnologyAdvancesCharitableCausesB．AncientTreeManagementisVitalforBiodiversityC．AncientTreesHoldCulturalTraditionsD．NewTechnologyHelpsTreeProtection【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了YangZhongkai和他的团队如何利用腾讯云开发的人工智能技术，准确地识别和注册树木，以便更好地保护古树。12．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Sincevillagerswidelyregardedthetreeashavingthepowertomaketheirwishesetrue,theyusedtokneeldowninfrontofthe“lucky”treeandburnofferingsunderit,whichledtoprolongedheatexposureatitsroots”（由于村民们普遍认为这棵树有能力实现他们的愿望，他们过去常常跪在“幸运”树前，在它下面烧香，这导致树根长时间受热）可知，村民的行为阻碍了树木的生长。所以划线词的意思是“阻止”的意思。故选A项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButtherecordingandmanagementofancientandfamoustreesnationwidemonlyrelyonExcelspreadsheets(电子表格),whichpresentissuessuchasinformationsilos,lackofrealtimeupdatesandinpletecontent,”（但全国范围内的古树和名树的记录和管理通常依赖于Excel电子表格，这带来了信息孤岛、缺乏实时更新和内容不完整等问题。）可推知，古树面临的问题是信息的丢失和准确性的风险，故选B。14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Wecannowcollectdataonthetrees’growth,healthandenvironmentinrealtime,whichhelpsusmakeinformeddecisionsonhowtobetterprotectthem.”（我们现在可以实时收集树木的生长、健康和环境数据，这有助于我们做出更好的保护决策。）可推知，腾讯云的新技术使得可以实时收集树木的生长数据，故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段的“thepoweroftechnologycanchangetheworld”（技术的力量可以改变世界）和倒数第二段“Newtechnologiesbringmoreexcitementtotheprotectionofancienttrees.”（新技术为古树的保护带来了更多的兴奋。）可推知，文章主要讲述了新技术如何帮助保护树木，故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Manypeoplefearfailureandtrytoavoiditevenwhentheyhavetheopportunitytosucceed.Theywon’tattemptsomethingiftheythinktheymightfail.16Researchthealternatives.17Whenyoudon’tknowwhatyou’redealingwith,potentialconsequencesseemfarworsethantheyactuallyare.Takethepoweroutfearbyunderstandingit.Researchallthepotentialoutes(bothgoodandbad)soyougenuinelyunderstandtheriskoffailureandbenefitsofsuccess.Analyzingtheseouteswillhelpyouseethroughthefearoffailureandmakealogicaldecision.Anotherwaytooverethefearoffailureiscreatingacontingencyplan(应急计划).18Daringtofaildoesn’tmeanyouhavetorisklosingitall.Ifyoumanageriskintelligently,youcancapturethebenefitsofhighriskopportunitieswhileleavingyourselfasafetynet.Takingactionisthebestwaytoreducefearandbuildconfidence.Assoonasyoudo,you’llbeginaccumulatingexperienceandknowledge.19.It’slikejumpingoffacliffintoalakeafteryoudoitonce,youseethatthewaterissafeandeachtimeafterwardsiseasy.Startoffwithsmallstepsandbuildupyourconfidenceuntilthefearoffailureismanageable.Allinall,failureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesamecoin.20Byadoptingthesestrategics,youcanlearntoembracefailureasasteppingstonetowardssuccess.A．Understandthebenefitsoffailure.B．Everythingishardestthefirsttime.C．Youshouldbepreparedfortheworst.D．Theunknownisamajorsourceoffear.E．Onetrulycannotexistwithouttheother.F．Thefollowingstrategieswillhelpyouoverethefearoffailure.G．Evenifyourfirstoptionfails,asolidPlanBcanmaintainthestatusquo(现状).【答案】16．F17．D18．G19．B20．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些克服对失败的恐惧的策略。16．根据上文“Manypeoplefearfailureandtrytoavoiditevenwhentheyhavetheopportunitytosucceed.Theywon’tattemptsomethingiftheythinktheymightfail.(许多人害怕失败，甚至当他们有成功的机会时也试图避免失败。如果他们认为可能会失败，他们就不会去尝试)”可知，上文提到许多人害怕失败并试图逃避，可知接下来应介绍如何克服这种恐惧。故F选项“下面的策略将帮助你克服对失败的恐惧”承接上文，并引出下边几段的内容，符合语境，故选F。17．根据下文“Whenyoudon’tknowwhatyou’redealingwith,potentialconsequencesseemfarworsethantheyactuallyare.(当你不知道你在处理什么时，潜在的后果似乎比实际情况要糟糕得多)”可知，下文提到面对未知潜在的后果似乎比实际情况要糟糕得多，推测本句是在总结导致恐惧的主要来源是未知。故D选项“未知是恐惧的主要来源”引出下文，符合语境，故选D。18．根据上文“Anotherwaytooverethefearoffailureiscreatingacontingencyplan(应急计划).(克服失败恐惧的另一种方法是制定应急计划)”可知，空处应承接上文，说明应急计划的作用。故G选项“即使你的第一个选择失败了，一个可靠的B计划也可以维持现状”承接上文，说明应急计划的作用，符合语境，故选G。19．根据下文“It’slikejumpingoffacliffintoalakeafteryoudoitonce,youseethatthewaterissafeandeachtimeafterwardsiseasy.(这就像从悬崖上跳入湖中——跳了一次之后，你会发现水是安全的，之后的每一次都很容易)”可知，下文的例子表明第一次总是特别困难，之后会变得容易。故B选项“凡事第一次都是最难的”说明第一次是最难的，引出下文，符合语境，故选B。20．根据上文“Allinall,failureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesamecoin.(总而言之，失败和成功是同一枚硬币的两面)”可知，上文提到失败和成功是同一枚硬币的两面，说明成功和失败是共同存在的，故E选项“一个真的不能离开另一个而存在”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·河北沧州·三模）ItwaslateNovember.Mostoftheleaveshadfallenoffthetrees,leavingonly21brancheswavinginthesurroundingmountains.Theskywasgraywithclouds22downacold,bonechillingrain.Mymood23theday.TheolderIgot,thelessitseemedIlikedthewintermonths.WhenIwasaboy,theymeantplayinginthesnow,makingsnowmen,havingsnowballfights,andthencurlingupwithmydogbythe24andreadingmyfavoritebooks.Butnowtheyjustmeantwatchingthedaysget25drivingondarkroads,andfeelingthecoldwind26myfacelikeaslap.Isighedandlaydownonmybed.Afeelingof27settledovermyspiritandIwishedIcouldgetunderthecoversandsleepuntilspring.Justthenmylittledog28ontomybedandlookedatmewithherbig,weteyes.Shelookedsosadand29thatIlaughedandpettedher.I30sheoftenmirroredmymoods.Ismiledandcontinuedtopetherhead31shetoobrokeintoahappysmile.Isnuggledup(依偎)withher,lookinguptothegraysky.Thelittledog32methatinlifethewholeworldaroundusisourmirror.Wecaneitherbea33oflightorashadowofdarkness.Wecaneithergivetheworldourkindnessorour34.Mylittlepupshowedmeonceagainthatlifeis35whatwemakeitandthatwecanreflectourwarmth,love,andlighteveninwinter’sdarkestdays.21．A．rough B．bare C．dead D．thick22．A．throwing B．going C．falling D．breaking23．A．influenced B．attacked C．matched D．lifted24．A．wall B．river C．snow D．stove25．A．darker B．longer C．shorter D．colder26．A．over B．against C．beneath D．towards27．A．happiness B．panic C．curiosity D．depression28．A．jumpedup B．heldup C．tookup D．liftedup29．A．exhausted B．doubtful C．disappointed D．miserable30．A．disapproved B．challenged C．plained D．acknowledged31．A．while B．unless C．until D．after32．A．reminded B．persuaded C．warned D．stimulated33．A．temperature B．reflection C．recovery D．shape34．A．hope B．mood C．anger D．joy35．A．rarely B．possibly C．partially D．truly【答案】21．B22．A23．C24．D25．C26．B27．D28．A29．D30．D31．C32．A33．B34．C35．D【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过自己和狗狗的在一个冬天的经历，体会到生活真的是我们自己创造的，即使在冬天最黑暗的日子里，我们也能反映出我们的快乐、爱和光明。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：树上的叶子大多落了，只剩下光秃秃的树枝在周围的群山中摇曳。A.rough粗糙的；B.bare光秃秃的；C.dead死的；D.thick厚的，粗的。根据上文“Mostoftheleaveshadfallenoffthetrees”可知，叶子都掉落了，所以是光秃秃的。故选B项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：天空灰蒙蒙的，乌云密布，下着刺骨的冷雨。A.throwing投；B.going去；C.falling降落；D.breaking打破，折断。根据下文“Theskywasgraywithclouds”可知，下着刺骨的冷雨。固定搭配throwdownrain“下雨”。故选A项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心情和白天一样。A.influenced影响；B.attacked袭击；C.matched比得上，敌得过；D.lifted提起，举起。根据上下文可知，作者整天的心情都是阴霾的，所以晚上的心情和白天的一样不好。故选C项。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，它们意味着在雪地里玩耍，堆雪人，打雪仗，然后和我的狗蜷缩在火炉旁，读我最喜欢的书。A.wall墙；B.river河流；C.snow雪；D.stove炉子。根据下文“readingmyfavoritebooks.”可知，是在温暖的炉火旁，享受着读书的快乐。故选D项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在，它们只意味着看着白天越来越短，在黑暗的道路上开车，感觉冷风打在我的脸上，就像打了我一巴掌。A.darker较暗的；B.longer较长的；C.shorter较短的；D.colder较冷的。根据下文“ondarkroads”可知，白天越来越短。故选C项。26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但现在，它们只意味着看着白天越来越短，在黑暗的道路上开车，感觉冷风打在我的脸上，就像打了我一巴掌。A.over悬在……上面；B.against反对，迎着；C.beneath在……下方；D.towards朝向。根据下文“likeaslap.”可知，冷风打在作者的脸上。故选B项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种沮丧的感觉笼罩着我的精神，我希望我能钻进被窝，睡到春天。A.happiness快乐；B.panic恐慌；C.curiosity好奇；D.depression抑郁，沮丧。根据上文“Isighedandlaydownonmybed”可知，作者是沮丧的。故选D项。28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的小狗跳上我的床，用她湿漉漉的大眼睛看着我。A.jumpedup跳起来；B.heldup支撑，支持，举起；C.tookup从事；D.liftedup提升。根据下文“ontomybedandlookedatmewithherbig,weteyes”可知，小狗跳上床。故选A项。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看起来那么悲伤和痛苦，我笑着抚摸着她。A.exhausted筋疲力尽的；B.doubtful怀疑的；C.disappointed失望的；D.miserable痛苦的。根据上文“sosad”可知，看起来那么悲伤和痛苦。故选D项。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认她经常反映我的心情。A.disapproved不同意；B.challenged挑战；C.plained抱怨；D.acknowledged承认。根据下文“sheoftenmirroredmymoods.”可知，这是作者承认的内容。故选D项。31．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我笑了笑，继续抚摸着她的头，直到她也露出幸福的笑容。A.while然而；B.unless除非；C.until直到；D.after之后。根据句意可知，本句为until引导的时间状语从句。故选C项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小狗提醒我，在生活中，我们周围的整个世界都是我们的镜子。A.reminded提醒；B.persuaded说明；C.warned警告；D.stimulated刺激，促进。根据上文“sheoftenmirroredmymoods.”可知，小狗在提醒作者，周围的整个世界都是我们的镜子。故选A项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以是光明（快乐）的反射，也可以是黑暗的影子。A.temperature温度；B.reflection反射；C.recovery恢复；D.shape形状。根据常识可知，光具有反射性，这里指我们可以是光明（快乐）的反射。故选B项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以给世界善意，也可以给世界愤怒。A.hope希望；B.mood心情；C.anger愤怒；D.joy快乐。根据上文“kindness”可知，与善意相对的是愤怒。故选C项。35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的小狗再一次告诉我，生活真的是我们自己创造的，即使在冬天最黑暗的日子里，我们也能反映出我们的温暖、爱和光明。A.rarely稀少地；B.possibly可能地；C.partially不完全地；D.truly真正地。根据上文“Mylittlepupshowedmeonceagain”可知，生活真的是我们自己创造的。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The2023ChineseBridgeCalligraphyandPaintingContestlastedforsixmonths,36(attract)1,084contestantsfrom86countries37atotalof1,146calligraphyandpaintingworks.Accordingtoexperts,theawardwinningcalligraphyworksthisyearmirroredmanyChineseclassicelementswithmore38(expressive)andcreativity,paredtothewinnersoflastyear'scontest,“Ifeelhonoredtobethejudgeagainandalso39(delight)tofindthattheentriesforthisyearhavebeensuchabreakthrough.Fromtheirprogress,youcan40(definite)seetheauthorsmusthavespentalotoftimeandenergylearningtraditionalChineseculture,”mentedoneofthejudges.Attheclosingceremony,ZhangBo,professorfromBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity,gavehighpraiseoftheachievementofoverseasChineseteaching,41playedasignificantroleinculturalexchanges.Hesaidthequalityoftheentriesresultedfromthecontestants'yearsofstudy,aswellas42guidanceandassistanceofoverseasChineseteachingbehindthem.Theexpertssuggestedwatchingthevideosaboutthecontestantsonthewebsite.“Throughthesevideos,wecanseetheirdailypracticeandcreationprocess,43wecanalsofeeltheirunderstandingandloveforChineseculturefromtheirintroductions.Thecreativeprocessofcalligraphyandpainting44(have)avisualappreciationsimilartodance.Itisourhopethatthesevideos45(share)onsocialmediawillencouragemorepeopletodevelopaloveforChineseculture.”【答案】36．attracting37．with38．expressiveness39．delighted40．definitely41．which42．the43．and44．has45．shared【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2023届“汉语桥”书法及绘画比赛的盛况和获奖情况，并简要介绍了获奖作品的特点。36．考查非谓语动词。句意：“2023中国桥书画大赛”历时6个月，吸引了来自86个国家的1084名选手参赛，共计1146件书画作品。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语动词作结果状语；逻辑主语The2023ChineseBridgeCalligraphyandPaintingContest与attract之间为主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式。故填attracting.37．考查介词。句意：“2023中国桥书画大赛”历时6个月，吸引了来自86个国家的1084名选手参赛，共计1146件书画作品。根据句意可知，此处表示该比赛吸引了来自86个国家的1084名参赛者，共计1146件书法和绘画作品。atotalof…works短语作定语，用with引导，表示“有，具有”。故填with。38．考查名词。句意：据专家介绍，与去年的获奖作品相比，今年的获奖作品反映了许多中国经典元素，更具表现力和创造力。根据下文andcreativity可知，and连接前后两个名词，expressive的名词形式是expressiveness。故填expressiveness。39．考查形容词。句意：我很荣幸再次担任评委，也很高兴今年的参赛作品取得了突破。分析句子可知，空处和前文的honored并列，应为形容词作表语，修饰主语I，修饰人，用ed形式。故填delighted。40．考查副词。句意：从他们的进步中，你绝对可以看出作者们一定花了很多时间和精力来学习中国传统文化。分析句子可知，空处应为副词作状语，修饰空后的动词see。故填definitely。41．考查定语从句。句意：在闭幕式上，北京语言大学张博教授高度赞扬了海外汉语教学的成就，这在文化交流中发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为overseasChineseteaching，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。42．考查冠词。句意：他说，参赛作品的质量源于参赛者多年的学习，以及他们背后海外汉语教师的指导和帮助。根据句意可知，此处表示参赛作品的质量是由于参赛者多年的学习，以及海外汉语教学对他们的指导和帮助，空处应表示特指。故填the。43．考查连词。句意：通过这些视频，我们可以看到他们的日常实践和创作过程，也可以从他们的介绍