农垦区土壤侵蚀及生态效益监测野外调查设计及成果分析

农垦区土壤侵蚀及生态效益监测野外调查设计及成果分析调查方案设计项目运行期间，共进行了三次野外调查监测，第一次和第二次以地面监测为主，第三次以资料收集为主。第一次野外调查监测时间为2010年10月28日至2010年11月17日，总共21天。第二次野外调查监测时间为2011年4月9日至2011年6月17日，共计70天，第二次野外调查是第一次野外调查的补充和完善。调查样区类型设计设计思路总体上是根据土地利用类型三级分类（河流，湖泊，水库，道路，城镇建设用地等非风蚀地表类型除外），将野外风沙观测待测地表类型分成农用地，林草地，沙地三大类，在三大类的基础上，为保持与遥感影像分辨率大小的一致，确定调查样区单元大小为30m*30m。a）耕地(包括水浇地、灌溉水田和新垦地)b）林草地(包括有林地、灌木林地、果园、天然草地、荒草地)和未利用地（包括裸土地和盐碱地）c）沙地（包括固定沙地、半固定沙地和流动沙地）共计13种不同下垫面。调查样区数量设计植被盖度和土地利用类型的野外调查样区共49个，模型其他影响因子的调查样区数量，则根据每种下垫面的不同，选取面积较大且具有代表性的地类，布设调查样区调查样区数量如下：耕地共3处：:棉花1处，水稻1处，新垦地1处；林草地共10处：林地5处，草地5处；沙地共3处：流动性沙地1处，半固定沙地1处，固定沙地1处；未利用地共2处：盐碱地1处、裸土地1处。总计18处。建筑用地和水域的风蚀量设定为零，故野外调查，首先将各不同下垫面地块按面积排序，每种类型做一次重复，同时参考土壤类型图，在面积足够大的情况下，兼顾选择一些不同土壤类型的地块，以保证样区选择具有代表性。调查路线设计第一次调查路线布设调查路线：十团--->九团--->十二团--->十一团。第二次调查路线布设调查路线：阿拉尔市--->九团--->十团--->十二团--->十三团、十五团--->十四团--->十一团--->胜利水库—->八团--->多浪水库--->七团--->十六团--->上游水库--->三团--->二团--->一团--->新井子水库--->六团--->四团--->五团。在进行实际调查时，根据实际情况不可能把每个地方都调查到位，且受仪器数量，以及时间限制，尽量避免重复去同一个地方。调查的路线以农垦区周边，居住点及道路可及的区域展开调查。第三次调查主要以资料收集为主。调查指标设计基于调查样区的设计，结合耕地，林草地和沙地风力侵蚀调整模型的要求，在各不同下垫面样区范围内展开调查和监测：在农用地中，需要调查七个指标，分别为：土壤含水量（W），土壤粒径(S)，地表粗糙度(Z0)，作物残茬高度(H0)，风速(U)，临界侵蚀风速(U0)，土壤容重（C）和土壤风蚀量(Q)。在林草地和未利用地中，需要调查七个指标，分别为：土壤粒径（S），植被盖度(VC)，植被高度（H），风速(U)，土壤容重（C）临界侵蚀风速(U0)和土壤风蚀量(Q)。在沙地中，需要调查五个指标，分别为：植被盖度（VC），植被高度（H），风速（U），土壤容重（C），临界侵蚀风速(U0)和土壤风蚀量(Q)。指标调查频率设计我们需要根据不同模型因子设置不同的调查频率，如下表：表3-1模型因子调查频率模型因子调查频率土壤质地(S)一次/年土壤含水量(W)一次/月植被盖度(VC)一次/月风蚀措施(P)一次/月地表粗糙度(Z0)一次/月植被高度(H)一次/月风速(U)据天气情况，大风期间，连续监测土壤风蚀量(Q)据天气情况，大风期间，连续监测临界侵蚀风速(V0)据天气情况，大风期间，连续监测调查仪器与资料（1）调查仪器准备野外调查所需仪器和材料，主要有测钎，风速仪支架，植被盖度调查框，塑料袋，环刀和铝盒，0.01g感量电子天平，烘箱，20目手动土壤筛，手持风速仪（Kestrel4500），锤子，钢卷尺，皮尺，刷子，标签，胶带，GPS，笔记本电脑，数码相机。（2）调查资料1>全面收集模型运行所需基础资料，主要包括农一师气象资料，作物生长资料，灌溉资料，年鉴和团志资料，土地利用数据等。2>对整个研究区的环境现状进行考察，同时根据遥感影像数据，对整个研究区的植被盖度状况进行分级调查，对于土地利用类型发生变化的区域，进行调整和修正，绘制矢量土地利用类型图。调查监测方法设计1、植被盖度采用植被盖度调查框与目估相结合的方法，每个采样单元估计5处植被盖度，每种土地利用类型的植被盖度共调查15个数据，然后将每个调查点调查得到的植被盖度数据相加，再除以15，求其平均值，作为该土地利用类型上的植被盖度，并在每种土地利用类型的地表拍摄近景照片一张，同时用GPS进行定位，记录采样点的经纬度坐标值。2、土壤含水量通过环刀法在不同土地利用类型下垫面地表，现场取样，每种地表沿S型取五点进行测量，将土样保存在铝盒内，并标记，带回实验室后，称量湿重，在烘箱中烘干8小时，取出后称量干重。根据土壤含水量计算公式得到该样区土壤含水量。3、土壤质地土壤中粒径小于0.84mm的颗粒最容易发生风蚀（Chepil，1955）。通过对研究区野外调查监测过程中选取的几种具有代表性的土地利用类型的土样，通过环刀法沿S型取五处表层（0-5cm深度内）土壤，进行取样分析，用20目手动土壤筛筛选出小于0.84mm土壤颗粒，然后用天平称重，从而得到其土壤粒径组成情况以及不同土地利用类型的不可蚀颗粒（>0.84mm）所占质量百分比。4、地表粗糙度地表粗糙度Z0是模型运行必不可少的因子。随着作物的生长，高度和盖度会发生变化，其地表粗糙度值也会相应发生变化，为此我们在水浇地（棉花）、灌溉水田（水稻）和新垦地三种土地利用类型下于2010年3-6月和9-11月连续监测。具体监测方法为：在风速仪支架上同时安装两个手持风速仪，手持风速仪1安装高度视作物高度而定，安装在作物高度边界层以上，手持风速仪2安装高度为200cm。在有风天气条件下，每隔2分钟测一次两高度层1min平均风速。在样区中随机选取5个点，由于空气动力学粗糙度是不稳定的，是随风速变化的，因此我们按200cm高度风速范围分组，每组测8次重复，取其平均值，求算地表粗糙度值。图3-1地表粗糙度监测示意图调查样区分布根据两次调查指标的不同，设计了两种野外调查样区布设方式，按照随机抽样方法产生，均匀分布于整个研究区，植被盖度和土地利用类型调查样区空间位置分布情况见图3-2所示。图3-2新疆兵团农一师野外调查样区空间分布图野外调查样区成果数据及分析野外调查样区成果数据1、第一次野外调查成果：（1）通过现场勘查，在研究区合理布设了13个样区，并确定了最佳的调查路线，同时也通过现地调查取样，对研究区的各种情况有了比较直观的认识，从而也对研究区土地利用类型的变化进行了修正，为来年外业调查工作的进一步开展奠定了良好基础。（2）在13个样区中共采集了65个土样，并对采集土样的土壤特性、土壤含水量进行了测定和记录，同时样区地理位置，样区周围地势和地表情况，以及样区内的植被盖度及高度情况、作物高度及作物残茬高度进行了详细调查和记录。（3）除了调查以上指标，还在每个样区布设了数量不同的测钎，通过连续观测记录每月测钎高度变化情况，估算每月土壤风蚀量，为来年大风期间，通过集沙仪进行精确测定，提供辅助和验证。表3-2样区地理位置及地表和周围状况样区地理位置及地表和周围状况经纬度样区植被盖度（%）土样编号NE误差（m）高度（m）周围地表状况棉花801#40°37′14.2″81°11′26.9″61005该样区位于监测分站试验田，周围地势平坦，地表平整，无防护林带，隔行有塑料地膜，未浇灌时，由于土质疏松，土壤颗粒细小且干燥，容易起沙2#40°37′15.0″81°11′26.9″410033#40°37′14.9″81°11′28.2″510044#40°37′14.0″81°11′28.1″610055#40°37′14.7″81°11′27.7″41003红枣706#40°37′09.0″81°11′23.8″51002该样区位于监测分站试验田附近，周围地势较平坦，有防护林带，块地间有垄，垄高15cm左右，未浇灌时，土壤较硬实但表层土壤疏松，土壤颗粒细小且干燥，由于土壤有结皮，起沙概率不高，可能会有表层扬尘7#40°37′08.5″81°11′22.5″510038#40°37′08.0″81°11′23.0″410049#40°37′08.6″81°11′24.3″5100110#40°37′08.6″81°11′23.3″61001骆驼刺8011#40°37′14.9″81°11′28.2″6999该样区位于工业园东，周围地势较平坦，无防护林带，旁边有一个电厂，地表植被覆盖较好，主要为骆驼刺和红柳，土壤盐碱较重，表层有结皮，不易起沙12#40°37′14.0″81°11′28.3″499725#40°37′14.7″81°11′27.9″499626#40°37′14.5″81°11′26.9″499827#40°37′15.3″81°11′26.9″4997水稻9028#40°39′40.0″81°13′34.2″41004该样区位于九团南，水稻田边有渠道，渠道芦苇茂盛，田内土壤含水量大，土质紧实，水稻秸秆覆盖田地，不易起沙29#40°39′39.6″81°13′33.1″6100130#40°39′38.8″81°13′33.5″5100231#40°39′39.1″81°13′34.7″4100032#40°39′39.3″81°13′33.7″41003半固定沙地（红柳林）1533#40°39′59.6″81°16′55.2″51003该样区位于九团北，沙丘、沙包遍布，多为固定和半固定沙丘，样区内植被盖度较低，主要为红柳，少数地方出现盐碱结皮，虽地下水位较高且丰富，但土壤表层沙粒较细且干燥，极易起沙34#40°39′58.3″81°16′53.2″4100235#40°39′58.9″81°16′53.6″4100136#40°39′59.1″81°16′54.2″5100291#40°39′59.4″81°16′54.8″51003固定沙地（骆驼刺、红柳与芦苇）8013#40°27′25.7″81°19′27.4″51003该样区位于中国水土保持监测点附近，沙丘、沙包遍布，多为固定和半固定沙丘，样区内植被盖度较低，主要为红柳，少数地方出现盐碱结皮，虽地下水位较高且丰富，但土壤表层沙粒较细且干燥，极易起沙14#40°27′25.3″81°19′28.0″7100215#40°27′22.4″81°19′27.8″8100416#40°27′20.9″81°19′28.8″9100117#40°27′19.8″81°19′29.9″91000流动沙地（少量红柳林）918#40°27′17.9″81°19′35.3″41002该样区位于塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘，沙漠腹内多流动沙丘，除少量红柳以外，鲜有其它植被，是沙尘暴主要来源地19#40°27′17.2″81°19′34.4″8100220#40°27′16.5″81°19′34.5″4100521#40°27′16.2″81°19′33.4″4100223#40°27′16.7″81°19′32.0″41005固定沙地（骆驼刺和红柳林）4024#40°27′39.5″81°19′17.8″41000该样区位于中国水土保持监测点以南，塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘以北，样区分布着大量高大沙包、沙丘，沙丘上分布着红柳和骆驼刺，沙丘基本稳定，起沙概率小90#40°27′39.4″81°19′16.7″4100240#40°27′38.9″81°19′16.1″7100341#40°27′39.7″81°19′15.3″5100342#40°27′39.6″81°19′13.8″71005天然胡杨林6043#40°29′18.4″81°10′23.5″51008该样区位于十二团以南，样区内为天然胡杨林，树木高大，地表枯叶覆盖，土质较硬，树林周围有河流环绕，不易起沙44#40°29′17.9″81°10′21.3″5100545#40°29′20.3″81°10′23.2″7100446#40°29′19.9″81°10′27.0″9100847#40°29′21.0″81°10′27.7″91005荒草地（梭梭、红柳和芦苇）4076#40°42′53.7″81°09′13.4″81003该样区位于阿拉尔与阿克苏交界处，样区内为原始草地，植被盖度较好，土壤为红色粘土，土壤含水量较高，不易起沙77#40°42′53.1″81°09′12.7″9100578#40°42′52.3″81°09′12.3″6100179#40°42′51.4″81°09′13.1″8100280#40°42′52.9″81°09′14.2″51003胡杨林、骆驼刺和红柳林6592#40°38′32.9″81°51′30.1″5972该样区位于沙雅县与农一师交界处，样区内为原始古河床，分布着大量胡杨林、红柳林和骆驼刺，植被盖度较好，虽表层土壤干燥，但起沙概率也不高93#40°38′33.5″81°51′27.2″797494#40°38′34.0″81°51′25.7″597495#40°38′35.9″81°51′25.2″497948#40°38′35.2″81°51′23.4″4976红柳林7539#40°37′51.1″81°48′55.6″4982该样区位于十一团以南，样区内分布有大量红柳林和骆驼刺，植被盖度较好，盐碱严重，有盐碱结皮，不太容易起沙38#40°37′53.6″81°48′52.6″59816#40°37′54.9″81°48′51.2″59797#40°37′57.1″81°48′49.8″59831#40°37′56.2″81°48′48.3″7984弃耕地805#40°35′05.4″81°48′35.8″5990该样区位于十一团以南，样区原为耕地，由于地边有水渠，弃耕后长出骆驼刺、芦苇等植物，由于植被盖度较高，不容易起沙4#40°35′06.3″81°48′35.0″89882#40°35′06.8″81°48′35.7″898637#40°35′06.6″81°48′33.8″49853#40°35′05.4″81°48′33.0″6988表3-3土壤质地调查表样区土样编号筛前（单位：g）筛后直径大于0.84mm（单位：g）0.84mm颗粒所占百分比（%）平均值棉花N40°37′14.2″E81°11′26.9″1#50.309.020.17930.3006952#55.070.720.01313#52.4928.320.53954#51.9814.480.27865#50.5324.910.4930红枣N40°37′08.5″E81°11′22.5″6#53.2814.940.28040.4645467#53.8129.080.54048#54.7131.400.57399#52.2317.590.336810#51.9830.730.5912骆驼刺N40°38′35.9″E81°51′25.2″11#51.3542.530.82820.82386212#55.2747.630.861825#52.6040.460.769226#52.3744.210.844227#49.3840.290.8159水稻N40°39′39.3″E81°13′33.7″28#51.5836.000.69790.87326429#54.5651.440.942830#56.1853.920.959831#53.3950.290.941932#56.6046.630.8239半固定沙地（红柳林）N40°37′54.9″E81°48′51.2″18#51.1523.740.46410.30822219#54.3311.190.206020#51.0810.760.210621#52.5222.650.431323#50.5011.570.2291固定沙地（骆驼刺、红柳与芦苇）N40°38′35.2″E81°51′23.4″13#54.906.980.12710.52797614#52.5312.620.240215#52.3947.300.902816#52.1734.630.663817#56.6439.980.7059流动沙地（少量红柳林）N40°37′56.2″E81°48′48.3″33#51.083.760.07360.02816234#57.330.240.004235#50.060.780.015636#54.341.210.022391#53.251.340.0252固定沙地（骆驼刺和红柳林）N40°37′54.9″E81°48′51.2″24#50.9225.560.50200.43598790#50.9627.920.547940#52.0815.590.299341#52.7623.110.438042#53.0420.830.3927天然胡杨林N40°38′35.9″E81°51′25.2″43#53.8030.930.57490.40498844#52.8617.610.333145#56.8926.180.460246#55.4117.770.320747#54.9718.470.3360荒草地（梭梭、红柳和芦苇）N40°38′32.9″E81°51′30.1″76#54.4034.580.63570.88899177#52.8451.280.970578#50.1648.040.957779#51.8348.900.943580#51.1347.940.9376胡杨林、骆驼刺和红柳林N40°37′31.9″E81°50′32.3″92#57.0936.870.64580.61583493#54.5447.140.864394#57.258.590.150095#54.6133.410.611848#56.1745.340.8072红柳林N40°37′53.6″E81°48′52.6″39#54.9530.010.54610.24909738#56.081.790.03196#58.561.080.01847#55.6621.910.39361#57.9214.790.2554弃耕地N40°37′52.6″E81°49′55.6″5#58.5834.590.59050.6276274#57.6641.830.72552#54.7332.120.586937#57.5733.170.57623#58.0938.290.6591表3-4土壤含水量调查表样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重（土样+铝盒）m2（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值棉花N40°37′14.2″E81°11′26.91#219.77210.3638.665.19576.31952#237.26228.0538.694.63823#239.41220.5437.799.35924#220.75209.3838.236.22955#252.63239.3838.056.1749红枣N40°37′08.5″E81°11′22.5″6#263.43252.8638.204.69306.24987#256.14243.6138.575.75918#252.66236.7038.137.43959#247.89235.8938.405.728210#254.88238.3838.617.6294骆驼刺N40°38′35.9″E81°51′25.2″11#268.34230.2038.2416.575416.463712#282.77241.8338.4116.754025#267.21232.6837.8015.051726#254.50218.0238.7316.906927#236.02202.4038.6117.0305水稻N40°39′39.3″E81°13′33.7″28#310.15233.0638.6528.394117.202629#317.26272.6238.8716.035130#296.10248.9838.7718.311131#293.28272.4948.748.501732#306.41269.1354.0214.7708半固定沙地（红柳林）N40°37′54.9″E81°48′51.2″18#210.40206.8038.382.09282.624719#235.54228.4738.673.591220#230.61225.6037.852.599121#249.79242.3437.373.507223#259.20256.2537.941.3333固定沙地（骆驼刺、红柳与芦苇）N40°38′35.2″E81°51′23.4″13#250.63242.4239.903.896011.131614#252.81242.8438.964.662115#366.55300.5156.0021.265516#271.07240.6037.3613.037517#271.38241.4937.8112.7970流动沙地（少量红柳林）N40°37′56.2″E81°48′48.3″33#247.84239.1941.074.18342.205834#234.38232.4438.110.988435#229.13224.1438.002.610836#245.66240.6950.072.541091#231.98230.6137.820.7056固定沙地（骆驼刺和红柳林）N40°37′31.9″E81°50′32.3″24#242.65229.6237.736.35864.413890#242.54232.5638.624.894140#257.14251.0653.762.989541#266.65259.5855.673.351042#243.24234.1039.044.4760天然胡杨林N40°38′35.9″E81°51′25.2″43#220.30211.6037.904.76974.285944#225.73219.0937.983.536645#240.77232.1751.514.544046#270.33261.7257.664.048547#232.37224.1951.824.5306荒草地（梭梭、红柳和芦苇）N40°38′32.9″E81°51′30.1″76#238.11205.1550.5417.572119.034377#255.36214.5851.2719.981478#281.60236.6452.0119.582779#306.04259.6150.5318.171580#231.99193.4537.9719.8639胡杨林、骆驼刺和红柳林N40°37′31.9″E81°50′32.3″92#220.84207.6839.127.24197.686593#191.18176.4355.9210.904994#214.65207.6438.333.975795#265.40255.1756.064.886848#172.99159.6155.8611.4232红柳林N40°37′53.6″E81°48′52.6″39#162.36156.5642.424.83582.802938#187.06184.4938.131.72566#222.65220.3238.221.26347#200.00193.2738.574.16901#187.60184.5938.662.0209弃耕地N40°37′52.6″E81°49′55.6″5#201.65195.7438.053.61255.24464#208.39195.1638.237.77502#196.60186.6238.696.320137#207.22201.1750.453.85923#193.28186.0437.794.6562表3-5植被高度调查表样区植被作物及残茬高度实测表(综合调查十团、九团、十二团、十一团的作物得到数据)植被、作物或残茬高度（cm）未收割棉花50—90红枣50—70未收割水稻50—60收割后水稻留茬10—15骆驼刺20—60芦苇30—200红柳20—200胡杨500-1500表3-6土壤风蚀量调查表测钎顶部至地面的距离（cm）样区测钎11月未收割棉花地N40°37′13.1″E81°11′24.7118.2214.5314.5收割后棉花地N40°37′14″E81°11′14.7″19.629.639.6红枣N40°37′8.6″E81°11′27.6″115.4215.4315.4骆驼刺N40°35′35.4″E81°12′23.3″116.2216.2收割后水稻地N40°37′14″E81°11′14.7″17.228.5半固定沙地（红柳林）N40°37′34.4″E81°19′29.4″141.3241.8341.1441.5541.0643.1固定沙地（骆驼刺、红柳与芦苇）N40°27′39″E81°19′16.8″128.2218.7流动沙地（少量红柳林）N40°27′32.3″E81°19′39.7″119.4226.8327.5426.9固定沙地（骆驼刺和红柳林）N40°27′39″E81°19′16.8″118.3218.3327.6427.0528.0618.2天然胡杨林N40°29′20″E81°10′21.4″114.5219.0荒草地（梭梭、红柳和芦苇）N40°37′8.5″E81°11′27.8″114.9214.9胡杨林、骆驼刺和红柳林（空间转移至固定沙地）N40°37′31.9″E81°50′32.3127.2227.1326.8418.9红柳林N40°37′53.6″E81°48′52.6″弃耕地（空间转移至弃耕裸地）N40°37′9.6″E81°11′23.6″121.4232、第二次野外调查成果：表3-7土壤风蚀量测钎变化监测表测钎顶部至地面的距离（cm）样区测钎2010年11月2011年4月2011年5月2011年6月未收割棉花地N：40°37′13.1″E：81°11′24.7″118.27.8214.59.6314.59.6棉花翻耕耙平覆膜地N：40°37′14″E：81°11′14.7″110.710.9216.216.4314.214.6收割后棉花地(棉花留茬地)N：40°37′13.1″E：81°11′24.7″19.612.529.614.639.613.2红枣N：40°37′8.6″E：81°11′27.6″115.49215.47.3315.413.6草地（骆驼刺）N：40°35′35.4″E：81°12′23.3″116.211.5216.211.511.5收割后水稻地N：40°37′14″E：81°11′14.7″17.29.228.59.2半固定沙地（红柳林）N：40°37′34.4″E：81°19′29.4″141.37.110.9241.87.116.4341.19.114.6441.516.920.1541.0643.1固定沙地（骆驼刺、红柳与芦苇）N：40°27′39″E：81°19′16.8″128.28.29.1218.71111.77.511.512.211.2流动沙地（少量红柳林）N：40°27′32.3″E：81°19′39.7″119.41315.37.1226.88.29.122.9327.5910.413.1426.98.710.1910.7半固定沙地（骆驼刺和红柳林）N：40°27′29.5″E：81°19′35.7″118.39.711.411.4218.313.214.817.9327.612.4156.4427.09.812.2528.01315.7618.2天然胡杨林N：40°29′20″E：81°10′21.4″114.512219.010.311.511.410.2荒草地（梭梭、红柳和芦苇）N：40°37′8.5″E：81°11′27.8″114.911.2214.911.312.3胡杨林、骆驼刺和红柳林（空间转移至固定沙地）127.21112.2227.19.512.2326.810.414.8418.99.511.99.311.5弃耕地（空间转移至弃耕裸地）N：40°37′9.6″E：81°11′23.6″121.410.4210.2311.1表3-82011年4月15日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-4-15样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值留茬棉花地N40°37′14.2″E81°11′26.9″21#65.662.2114.976.703.8934027#62.6561.0514.823.3582#7472.7120.662.4285#73.7771.6719.93.9027#71.3969.6515.433.11覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.7″E81°11′27.7″8#76.0870.2315.249.629.3899#69.3465.1115.477.8510#70.3864.3315.511.0220#72.2266.3315.1610.3262#81.576.6521.858.13水稻地N40°39′40.0″E81°13′34.2″22#59.7954.0115.2512.9812.61432#71.3564.7522.4313.4926#67.3861.1615.5412.0025#63.7757.5715.1112.7424#56.3451.4515.1111.86红枣N40°37′09.0″E81°11′23.8″7#77.6875.3721.794.135.698312#63.0260.5615.355.1613#78.7975.3915.965.4117#63.2360.815.155.0518#67.5863.0215.368.73园地N40°37′09.0″E81°11′23.8″46#63.4658.9921.7710.7210.56916#55.3751.2222.3912.585#64.2559.4715.279.7611#71.1866.5515.318.2914#59.1553.9413.8111.49林地N40°29′18.4″E81°10′23.5″40#62.9361.4721.533.531.906647#69.6569.0220.761.2948#81.6481.1322.370.8676#75.9474.8720.251.9291#62.1661.2515.161.94荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″28#69.2659.4415.4818.2618.88229#62.6953.9815.5318.4733#73.562.416.4119.4435#75.1663.1915.2119.9737#80.2369.2620.218.27荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″1#74.2665.5315.4714.8514.2642#65.3460.0315.4910.653#63.655815.1111.644#64.0755.5115.2917.555#70.3161.1515.2316.63荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″9#67.8565.5315.484.435.50973#94.9293.2515.112.092#79.7473.7915.119.2119#7874.0115.466.3893#100.3396.0922.395.44裸地N40°35′05.4″E81°48′35.8″23#58.658.3215.180.640.544298#77.3577.0615.230.4757#77.4877.220.210.4932#69.5669.2322.430.7021#62.862.615.210.42固定沙地N40°27′25.7″E81°19′27.4″36#79.0178.5920.030.710.981738#80.2579.8815.260.5739#82.8582.3616.980.7442#75.2674.0515.642.0343#74.9474.4315.190.85半固定沙地N40°39′59.6″E81°16′55.2″44#65.0964.6815.210.820.445645#90.7490.5620.630.2678#97.3797.1420.810.3080#81.2480.8815.210.5592#81.5481.3415.670.30流动沙地N40°27′17.9″E81°19′35.3″19#86.9886.915.460.110.158441#88.5788.4622.280.1781#91.4391.3421.650.1384#79.779.5821.640.2115#78.3578.2522.410.18表3-92011年5月1日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-5-1样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值翻耕棉花地N40°37′15.0″E81°11′26.9″177#72.916914.656.716.655745#71.9568.5720.696.595#67.8263.5815.248.0624#74.7270.9815.136.287#72.6269.415.465.63覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.0″E81°11′28.1″4#89.1578.6515.3214.2213.57919#72.0965.6915.511.3131#69.4562.5719.5513.7993#86.6277.5322.4114.1611#74.265.7115.3314.42水稻地N40°39′39.6″E81°13′33.1″23#64.4859.4315.1910.2511.54426#59.6455.1615.610.1735#69.9463.1415.2112.4241#78.270.8622.3213.1410#82.4274.5615.4911.74红枣N40°37′08.5″E81°11′22.5″3#68.5864.6115.197.448.684529#56.3452.6715.69.0113#64.9360.5715.998.9139#64.9860.4317.049.4977#73.2668.7420.578.58园地N40°37′08.5″E81°11′22.5″46#57.4652.9921.7712.5212.51615#67.4862.5222.3911.006#54.6549.4715.2713.1543#61.9856.5516.3111.8927#60.1353.6413.8114.01林地N40°29′17.9″E81°10′21.3″1#71.3670.2615.471.971.637336#69.3368.6920.051.3034#57.3256.5115.591.9490#70.1169.1716.151.7422#64.5963.9815.251.24荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″18#78.1368.0115.2916.1017.08812#87.876.1915.1115.9725#71.3360.9215.1118.5222#83.4772.4215.2516.2030#71.7461.2515.4918.65荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″48#86.6675.9121.5216.5015.90627#70.3162.3315.4414.5437#77.1868.4320.215.3699#74.1166.0423.1315.8317#64.1955.7115.1617.30荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″9#74.6571.4315.485.444.855632#88.9286.0522.434.322#68.9465.7915.115.8519#77.7775.0115.464.4324#98.6395.0915.114.24裸地N40°35′06.3″E81°48′35.0″027#68.3368.1115.180.410.434628#59.2459.0915.230.3438#66.2866.0320.210.5433#69.7869.6322.430.3221#72.4872.1615.210.56固定沙地N40°27′25.3″E81°19′28.0″92#61.4161.0815.570.720.741797#78.7778.1716.020.9647#83.9283.4820.860.7040#80.1779.7916.990.6049#68.7468.3515.540.73半固定沙地N40°39′58.3″E81°16′53.2″16#72.1171.9315.170.320.374998#100.0799.9123.130.2129#65.5665.2215.540.6857#71.7971.5315.460.4618#91.8791.7115.380.21流动沙地N40°27′17.2″E81°19′34.4″87#93.7493.6715.130.090.10244#78.0777.9915.30.1367#83.4383.3720.530.1055#69.9569.9120.630.0807#82.5182.4315.420.12表3-102011年5月15日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-5-15样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.9″E81°11′28.2″4#74.8365.1215.3216.3216.3625#71.4662.4915.2415.966#57.9550.4715.2717.5393#66.7259.5322.4116.2311#81.5271.0715.3315.79水稻地N40°39′38.8″E81°13′33.5″23#74.6962.4315.1920.6119.89526#79.5467.1615.619.3635#82.1469.3615.2119.0924#77.0264.6615.1319.9777#69.9359.8420.5720.44红枣N40°37′08.0″E81°11′23.0″3#58.7354.9115.198.779.065129#66.2561.3715.69.6313#69.2864.4115.999.1439#71.3766.5617.048.857#80.2274.4415.468.93园地N40°37′08.0″E81°11′23.0″45#78.2869.9720.6914.4313.96419#72.5465.0915.513.0631#69.4662.5819.5513.7843#62.4756.0516.3113.9127#60.1353.3513.8114.64林地N40°29′20.3″E81°10′23.2″1#83.2681.9615.471.921.968236#79.5278.2820.052.09177#66.4965.5114.651.8990#70.7869.7216.151.9422#59.5858.6915.252.01荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″18#78.0566.1115.2919.0219.15227#73.5262.5915.4418.8237#79.3767.9320.219.3322#80.5868.2215.2518.9230#72.2461.0815.4919.67荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″48#88.2576.8121.5217.1417.40912#76.566.0315.1117.0525#70.4360.9215.1117.1933#69.1660.9122.4317.6517#68.2758.7115.1618.00裸地N40°35′06.8″E81°48′35.7″87#83.7682.0915.132.432.410332#90.4288.7822.432.4138#78.8477.4420.212.3999#75.9674.6923.132.4021#69.8868.5615.212.41固定沙地N40°27′22.4″E81°19′27.8″92#65.9365.3415.571.171.11254#78.8178.115.31.1267#87.4286.7220.531.0555#66.265.720.631.1049#61.5861.0615.541.13半固定沙地N40°39′58.9″E81°16′53.6″16#68.3267.9315.170.730.666598#82.1681.7823.130.6429#73.3873.0215.540.6257#69.168.7915.460.5818#85.6185.0815.380.75流动沙地N40°27′16.5″E81°19′34.5″9#82.3982.315.480.130.15797#66.5766.4916.020.1647#74.3674.2720.860.1740#88.6388.5316.990.1407#85.8585.7215.420.18表3-112011年5月26日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-5-26样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.0″E81°11′28.1″96#70.2964.7922.1311.4211.28741#80.0773.4122.3211.5333#65.6360.5416.5610.3787#55.1451.1619.9311.3084#69.3263.6921.6411.81红枣N40°37′08.6″E81°11′24.3″35#80.7377.515.274.934.228413#80.4777.815.984.1444#63.0960.9215.224.5385#83.2380.0421.145.1478#89.2787.6320.842.40园地N40°37′08.6″E81°11′24.3″46#56.3352.9921.779.669.89915#59.2855.4722.3910.335#64.7560.0315.279.5443#62.8958.1816.3110.11027#57.6653.3413.819.85林地N40°29′19.9″E81°10′27.0″1#74.0673.7615.470.511.406336#7978.0920.051.5434#69.2267.9115.592.4490#66.8165.816.151.9911#72.7972.4815.310.54荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″18#89.4475.3515.2919.0019.02312#98.882.0915.1119.9725#70.6159.9415.1119.2322#86.4173.2215.2518.5430#70.2660.1915.4918.39荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″38#81.2670.2615.2916.6715.4792#79.7469.7915.1115.4024#101.886.4115.1117.758#60.6154.2215.2514.0910#56.9451.3515.4913.49荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″9#83.2379.5315.485.464.80233#76.4573.5615.114.712#90.5786.7915.115.0119#73.6771.0615.464.4893#88.4385.5622.394.35裸地N40°35′06.6″E81°48′33.8″23#73.5473.3215.180.380.453428#69.6769.4115.230.4837#63.8563.6820.210.3932#70.1869.9322.430.5221#67.2867.0215.210.50固定沙地N40°27′20.9″E81°19′28.8″92#56.8156.6715.570.340.568497#68.0567.7716.020.5447#81.2280.8120.860.6839#81.2880.9916.990.4526#64.764.2915.540.83半固定沙地N40°39′59.1″E81°16′54.2″16#68.1168.0315.170.150.187599#101.47101.2723.130.2629#75.8375.7215.540.1827#74.3274.2315.460.1518#97.0796.9115.380.20流动沙地N40°27′16.2″E81°19′33.4″17#79.9579.8915.130.090.1074#81.0780.9915.30.1277#91.4391.3620.530.1045#86.1586.0720.630.1207#95.4195.3315.420.10表3-122011年6月1日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-5-26样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.7″E81°11′27.7″11#71.3767.1715.317.498.316235#72.8468.0415.278.3445#72.6167.8720.639.12红枣N40°37′08.6″E81°11′23.3″32#73.8470.4922.436.527.728510#70.0665.715.497.9944#72.0267.0915.228.68荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″34#93.4176.2615.5922.0421.2024#65.9655.7915.320.0839#82.5968.4916.9921.49荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″78#73.7666.5820.8413.5714.13741#62.9358.3122.3211.3836#61.7354.4520.0517.47裸地N40°35′05.4″E81°48′33.0″33#63.56216.563.203.90772#57.3755.7415.113.8692#61.3959.2515.574.67表3-132011年6月5日土壤含水量监测土壤含水量计算日期：2011-6-5样区土样编号湿重m1（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）干重m2（土样+铝盒）（单位：g）烘干空铝盒重量m0（单位：g）土壤含水量（%）平均值覆膜棉花地N40°37′13.1″E81°11′24.7″21#64.564.0315.210.951.200735#66.565.2315.212.4836#77.7777.2620.050.8846#91.9391.2821.770.9393#89.288.6922.410.76红枣N40°37′8.6″E81°11′27.6″34#65.4165.2615.590.301.011810#63.763.4615.490.5043#58.3957.8416.311.312#70.7870.5315.110.4545#75.3473.9720.632.50园地N40°37′08.6″E81°11′24.3″1969.6467.9215.53.184.34641872.3568.715.296.403763.226220.22.842359.2356.6915.185.771160.3258.7215.333.56林地N40°29′20″E81°10′21.4″367.1666.3115.191.640.64022973.9973.7415.60.432769.3469.1115.440.431678.0577.8315.170.35959.8359.6715.480.36荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″15#68.2560.8822.3916.0713.15199#69.2961.5123.1316.8592#64.3656.5715.5715.977866.9561.9420.8110.862060.6357.915.166.00荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″13#55.0653.9315.962.892.507733#75.0172.3622.435.0496#65.865.0522.131.723278.778.0722.431.123953.1752.5317.041.77裸地N40°35′05.4″E81°48′33.0″44#65.5365.2715.210.520.580241#74.0273.5822.320.8577#73.0272.7520.570.518767.4667.1819.930.59459.5659.3715.290.43固定沙地N40°27′20.9″E81°19′28.8″3870.8769.3620.212.981.0798586.0885.5715.270.720782.4482.2715.420.252665.9165.4715.60.879763.4163.1416.020.57半固定沙地N40°39′59.1″E81°16′54.2″4778.4278.2920.860.230.16912469.7369.6615.110.13690.2690.115.270.211789.1789.0715.160.1402783.7683.6613.810.14流动沙地N40°27′16.2″E81°19′33.4″878.9678.8915.240.110.0969095.7595.6716.150.108581.8681.7919.90.112868.7668.7215.480.08164.4964.4515.470.08表3-142011年5月26日土壤质地监测成果土壤质地调查(2011-5-26)样区S>1mm（单位：g）0.5mm<S<1mm（单位：g）0.25mm<S<0.5mm（单位：g）0.20mm<S<0.25mm（单位：g）0.074mm<S<0.20mm（单位：g）S<0.074mm（单位：g）总和（单位：g）>0.84mm所占百分比（%）覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.0″E81°11′28.1″33.232.1912.4916.7630.340.26165.220.10红枣N40°37′8.6″E81°11′27.6″11.533.112.1870.89100.792.48290.883.96园地N40°37′08.6″E81°11′24.3″21.7154.4622.0125.5826.8631.15181.7711.94林地N40°29′19.9″E81°10′27.0″4.523.491.1414.6692.38156272.191.66荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″188.857.0442.9539.2941.5636.25405.8946.52荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″130.6848.9235.6919.510.797.64253.2251.61荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″102.5628.2217.8432.7564.1388.47333.9730.71裸地N40°35′05.4″E81°48′33.0″11.8210.3617.5957.57101.0653.28251.684.70固定沙地N40°27′20.9″E81°19′28.8″10.532.2629.83135.9694.49264.070.38半固定沙地N40°39′59.1″E81°16′54.2″5.151.818.3278.76172.8458.25325.131.58流动沙地N40°27′16.2″E81°19′33.4″00.171.92162.25135.1944.71344.240.00表3-152011年6月5日土壤质地监测成果土壤质地调查(2011-6-5)样区S>1mm（单位：g）0.5mm<S<1mm（单位：g）0.25mm<S<0.5mm（单位：g）0.20mm<S<0.25mm（单位：g）0.074mm<S<0.20mm（单位：g）S<0.074mm（单位：g）总和（单位：g）>0.84mm所占百分比（%）覆膜棉花地N40°37′14.0″E81°11′28.1″24.4613.6712.66122.1877.5754.75305.298.01红枣N40°37′8.6″E81°11′27.6″32.4514.1713.2148.7481.5354.3244.413.28园地N40°37′08.6″E81°11′24.3″82.4151.5722.3721.8431.5934.68244.4633.71林地N40°29′19.9″E81°10′27.0″6.479.38.3815.6995.87139.98275.692.35荒草地(高)N40°42′53.7″E81°09′13.4″99.2243.5523.7920.7115.0911.05213.4146.49荒草地(中)N40°42′53.1″E81°09′12.7″83.9541.3322.1726.6536.5834.13244.8134.29荒草地(低)N40°42′52.3″E81°09′12.3″54.3133.3220.1129.5551.4247.27235.9823.01裸地N40°35′05.4″E81°48′33.0″28.5216.6524.7174.3764.6743.92252.8411.28固定沙地N40°27′20.9″E81°19′28.8″9.615.610.75109.64117.7242.4295.723.25半固定沙地N40°39′59.1″E81°16′54.2″4.913.645.979.03177.8361.8333.111.47流动沙地N40°27′16.2″E81°19′33.4″00.15.29178.29114.9917.14315.810.003、第三次野外调查成果：第三次野外调查主要以搜集资料为主，成果包括：各团年鉴资料、各团气象数据、各团团志资料、土地利用变化，由于数据量较大，所以存放在附录文件夹中。野外调查数据验证分析（1）土地利用验证表3-16土地利用调查样区验证样区编号野外调查样点经度野外调查样点纬度面积调查单元2010提取正确否（km2）土地利用类型土地利用类型179°26′59.3″41°20′5.7″0.26荒草地、天然草地、滩涂、河流水面天然草地、滩涂、河流水面正确79°27′17.4″41°20′33.8″79°27′41.5″41°19′59.1″279°29′36.3″41°23′17.5″0.44水浇地、裸岩石砾地水浇地、裸岩石砾地正确79°28′47.6″41°23′15.8″79°29′1.9″41°23′42.9″379°29′17.8″41°26′19.8″0.41裸岩石砾地、有林地、水浇地、水浇地、裸岩石砾地正确79°28′38.9″41°26′1.2″79°29′18.6″41°25′50.6″479°44′23.7″40°35′21.8″0.48建筑用地、荒草地、水浇地、天然草地荒草地、新垦地否79°45′23.3″40°35′21.9″79°44′56.2″40°34′59.5″579°47′34.7″40°35′1.1″1.16水浇地、建筑用地、灌溉水田水浇地、建筑用地79°48′36.6″40°33′39.4″正确79°48′32.6″40°34′45.2″679°51′26.7″40°28′45.3″1.65天然草地、中度盐碱地、水浇地、有林地、灌溉水田新垦地、水浇地、灌溉水田否79°53′18.2″40°29′15.0″79°52′23.3″40°29′40.4″779°48′32.7″40°40′15.6″0.28裸岩石砾地、有林地、水浇地裸岩石砾地、农田利用地、水浇地正确79°48′58.2″40°40′32.5″79°49′19.2″40°40′15.1″879°53′6.6″40°33′33.2″0.62果园、灌溉水田、水浇地果园、灌溉水田、水浇地正确79°53′50.9″40°32′37.3″79°53′54.1″40°33′12.3″979°54′31.4″40°43′12.5″0.81水浇地、灌溉水田、农田利用地、天然灌木林、裸岩石砾地水浇地、灌溉水田、农田利用地、裸岩石砾地正确79°55′22.3″40°43′4.9″79°55′5.3″40°43′50.3″1079°55′30.9″40°40′52.4″0.36水浇地、果园、天然灌木林、灌溉水田水浇地、果园、灌溉水田否79°55′42.9″40°41′21.2″79°56′16.4″40°41′15.8″1179°55′33.1″40°27′33.4″0.6流动沙地、固定沙地、半固定沙地、荒草地流动沙地、固定沙地否79°55′44.8″40°28′1.2″79°56′19.1″40°27′2.1″1279°58′51″40°19′41.7″0.36水浇地、果园、半固定沙地水浇地、果园、天然灌木林正确79°59′4.9″40°19′35.7″79°58′39.3″40°19′23.2″1379°59′35.0″40°21′9.7″0.31天然灌木林、荒草地、半固定沙地天然灌木林、半固定沙地正确79°59′57.3″40°21′8.2″79°59′54.5″40°21′49.7″1479°59′5.3″40°24′7.8″0.55果园、新垦地、半固定沙地、重度盐碱地水浇地、果园、半固定沙地否80°0′0.6″40°23′43.3″79°59′12.3″40°23′34.8″1580°2′41.8″40°21′40.2″0.25果园果园正确80°4′8.8″40°22′24.7″80°3′49.8″40°22′2.1″1680°5′18.0″40°20′26.3″0.28天然灌木林、固定沙地、半固定沙地天然灌木林、固定沙地、流动沙地正确80°6′7.8″40°19′55.8″80°6′2.8″40°20′12.5″1780°12′35.7″40°23′47.9″0.73重度盐碱地、天然草地、滩涂中度盐碱地、天然灌木林、裸土地、新垦地否80°12′56.4″40°23′28.4″80°14′3.3″40°24′4.5″1880°24′34.8″40°40′46.1″0.44半固定沙地、灌溉水田、天然灌木林流动沙地、灌溉水田、新垦地否80°25′24.1″41°2′13.1″80°25′53.9″41°2′23.3″1980°25′54.1″40°59′10.2″2.02水浇地、果园、新垦地、灌溉水田水浇地、果园、新垦地、灌溉水田正确80°25′45.4″40°59′52.0″80°27′58.1″41°0′23.9″2080°27′28.5″40°55′34.7″0.85灌溉水田、新垦地、水浇地灌溉水田、新垦地、水浇地正确80°25′39.4″40°56′19.1″80°28′31.5″40°56′15.6″2180°31′11.4″40°52′58.7″2.25新垦地、裸土地、水浇地、重度盐碱地、灌溉水田新垦地、裸土地