2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）开学摸底考试英语试卷 B卷含答案

2024年秋季高三人教版(2019)开学摸底考试英语试卷B卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

BreathtakingPlacesandExperiencesfor2023

Lookingforyournextadventure?Youllfinditonourannuallistoftheworld'sbest

destinationsframedbythreecategories(Adventure,Family,andCulture)fortravelers,and

thesedestinationsfor2023areundertheradar,aheadofthecurve,andreadyforyoutostart

exploring.

Adventure:Adrenaline-pumpingoutdoorexcursions

TrektoChoquequirao,Peru,anisolatedIncasitethat'sundertheradar-butsoontobe

moreaccessible.InNewZealand,thecountrythatinventedbungeejumping,rekindleyour

senseofadventurepost-pandemic.InAustria,hikethecross-countryBergsteigerdorfer

networkofmountaineeringvillagestosamplelocalculture.Finally,addRevillagigedo

NationalPark,Mexico,toyouritinerary.Itsprotectedwatersholdoneofthelargest

aggregationsofsharksandmantaraysintheworld.

Family:Inspiringjourneysforallages

InSwitzerland,ridetherailstoquaintAlpinetownsforchocolate,hiking,andskiing.Help

savetheturtlesinTrinidadandTobago,oneofthemostimportantleatherbackturtlerookeries

intheworld.InCalifornia,U.S.,gatheraroundacampfirewithGoldenGateviewsat

PresidioTunnelTopsandhiketheurbanCrosstownTrail.Gobirdwatchingintheavian

paradisethatisColombia,theenchantedlandofDisney'sEncanto.

Culture:Placeswherehistoryandheritagerule

VisitKingTutsnewhomeinEgyptatCairo'sGrandEgyptianMuseumandseeLuxor's

AvenueoftheSphinxes.MakeapilgrimagethroughhistoryalongItaly'sAppianWay,

Europe'sancient"superhighway".Explorecultureandhistory一withasideofLowCountry

cuisine一attheInternationalAfricanAmericanMuseuminCharleston,SouthCarolina.See

oneoftheworld'slargestassemblagesofstonestatuesatLongmenGrottoes,aUNESCO

WorldHeritagesiteinHenanProvince,China.

1.Wherewillyougoifyouwanttoexperiencebungeejumping?

A.Choquequirao,Peru.B.NewZealand.

C.Austria.D.RevillagigedoNationalPark,Mexico.

2.WhatwilltouristsdoinTrinidadandTobago?

A.Enjoyacampfire.B.Watchbirds.

C.Goskiing.D.Protectmarineanimals.

3.Whatdotheplacesinthelastparagraphhaveincommon?

A.Theyfocusonhistoryandheritage.

B.Theyshowtheadvantageofthefamilytour.

C.Theyarethetopoftheirkind.

D.Theyareofthesametime.

MylonMcArthuriseightyearsold.HisfamilybelongstothePheasantRumpNakota

NationintheprovinceofSaskatchewan.Mylonistheonlynativechildinhisclassatschool.

Untilrecently,heworehishairinatraditionalstylefornativeboysandmen:longbraids（辫

子）.Butsomeotherchildrenatschoolbullied（欺凌）himforhislongbraids.

Hismotherwasworried.ShesawthatMyloncamehomefromschoolcrying.Shedidnot

wanthimtobecomedepressed,orevensuicidal.Sheknewthenumberofnativechildren

whohadkilledthemselveshadbeenincreasing.SosheaskedMylontocuthishair.But

beforehedid,hemadeavideo.Init,hespokeagainstthebulliesandtoldteachersand

parentstoexplainwhylonghairisimportant.

Thevideowentwidespread.Inotherwords,manypeoplewatchedit-morethan1million.

Mylon'svideowasthelatestpartinalonghistoryaboutnativepeopleandhair.Themeaning

ofhairwasdifferentacrosstribes.Manynativegroupsregardedhairasasourceofstrength

andpower.ButgovernmentofficialsintheU.S.andCanadahavehistoricallyseennative

people'shairdifferently.Longhair,theybelieved,showedthatapersonwaswild一not

civilized.Thepracticehasnotended.Eventoday,manypublicschoolsystems,prisonsand

someworkplacesrequirenativepeopletoweartheirhairshort.

Nativepeoplehaveresistedpressureforcuttingtheirhairinmanyways,includingtaking

legalaction.Recently,theyarealso-likeMylon——usingsocialmedia.Mylonsaysthat,since

hemadethevideo,twothingshavechanged.Theotherchildrenstoppedbullyinghim.And

hedecidedtogrowhishairlongagain.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Mylonwasbulliedforhislonghair.

B.MylonisthefirstpersontoliveinCanada.

C.Mylonistheonlynativechildinhisclass.

D.Mylonlikeswearinglonghair.

5.WhydidMylon'smotheraskhimtocuthislonghair?

A.Becausehismotherwasworriedabouthissafety.

B.Becausehismotherwasafraidofhisbeingdepressed.

C.Becauseitwasforbiddenbythegovernment.

D.Becausehewantedtokillhimself.

6.Whatdidthegovernmentthinkofthenativemen'slonghair?

A.Strong.B.Ugly.C.Powerful.D.Wild.

7.Whatcanweimplyfromthelastparagraph?

A.NotonlyMylonisfightingforhistraditionallonghair.

B.Mylonwasstillbulliedbysomechildren.

C.Mylonnolongerworehislonghair.

D.NativepeoplelikeMylononlyusedsocialmediatofight.

Cyclingisconsideredoneofthemostefficientwaystotravelduetoitssmallcarbonfootprint.Many

peoplearehappytorideabikeintheireverydaylife.However,betterinfrastructure(基本设施)anda

culturalshiftareneededtoensurethatmorepeoplewillrideabike.Bikekitchensarepartofaworldwide

movementthatcanhelpwithsuchachallenge.

Inbikekitchens,tools,usedparts,andrepairassistanceareprovidedtotheirmembers.Theydonate

bikesandhavebecomespacesforsocialexchange.Theyalsomakeeffortstoimprovebasicinfrastructure,

whichplaysakeyroleinensuringthesafetyandcomfortofcyclistsinareassuchasthedevelopmentof

bikelanesandbikeparking.Butthataloneisnotenough.Buildingacyclingculturethatissocially

acceptedtomost,meanshavingsignificantamountsofpeopledevelopingskillsofridingbikes.

Cyclinghasvariousbenefits,likepromotingphysicalandmentalhealth.Moreimportantly,the

infrastructureneededforbikesdoesn'trequireahugebudget.Besides,bicyclesarethemostpracticaland

sustainablemeansoftravelforshortandmediumdistance,andalsoforrecreationandsport.Therefore,a

cyclingcultureappearsurgentandsignificant.Forindividualsinmanydevelopedcountries,transportcan

bethelargestpartoftheircarbonfootprint.Transportaccountsforaboutone-fifthofglobalcarbondioxide

(CO2)emissions.Forshortormediumdistances,bikesareoneofthelowest-carbonwaystotravel.

Evenmoreshockingly,usingabikeinsteadofacarforshorttripswouldreduceaperson*stravelemissions

by75percent.

Bikekitchensinparticular,extendthelifespanofbikesandtheirparts.Theyhelpbuildacommunity

economythatpreventswastegeneration,sincemostpartsaresecondhand,fixed,orreused.Eitherthrough

thesupplyoftools,parts,workshops,fixingsessions,orbikesforfree,bikekitchensencourageamore

sustainablewayoftravelingthatmakescitiesfriendlier,whilestrengtheningcommunityvalues.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneinbikekitchens?

A.Exchangingbikes.B.Teachingotherstoridebikes.

C.Purchasingthenewparts.D.Developingridingskills.

9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?

A.Cyclingisasustainablewaytotravel.

B.Transportisstillachallengingproblem.

C.Everyoneshouldhaveaneco-friendlytravel.

D.Bikesarealsosuitableforalongdistancetravel.

10.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardsbikekitchensaccordingtothetext?

A.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Grateful.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Bikekitchensreducepeople'stravelinfluences.

B.Bikekitchensarehelpingboostcyclingculture.

C.Bikekitchensaregainingpopularityintheworld.

D.Bikekitchensmakecyclingaccessibletoeveryone.

Youngkids*brainsareverysensitive（敏感的）totheirmoms1voices,sciencehasshown.

Butaskidsgrowintoteens,everythingchanges.Teenagers1brainsarenowmoresensitiveto

strangers1voicesthanthoseoftheirownmoms1,newresearchshows.

Theresearchersstudiedthebrainsof7-to16-year-oldsastheylistenedtothingssaidby

theirmomsorbyunfamiliarwomen.Thewordsweregibberish:teebudieshawlt,

keebudieshawltandpeebudieshawlt.Usingsuchmeaninglesswordsallowedthescientiststo

studythevoices,notwhattheyweresaying.Asthekidslistened,certainpartsoftheirbrains

becameactive.Thiswasespeciallytrueinbrainareasthathelpustofindrewardsandpay

attention.

DanielAbrams,aresearcheratStanfordUniversity,saysthatyoungerkids1brains

respondmorestronglytotheirmoms*voicesthantostrangers*.However,inadolescence（青

春期）,weshowtheexactopposite.

"Theseareasintheadolescentbrainsdon'tstoprespondingtomoms"voices,"Abrams

explains."It'sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyofattention.Here'swhy:As

kidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedto

beginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld."

Butmoms1voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyintimesofstress,a2011study

withgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirlsheardtheirmoms*voicesonthe

phone.

Thebrainseemstoadapttonewneedsthatcomewithadolescence."Aswegrowup,our

survivaldependslessandlessonourmoms*support."saysLeslieSeltzer.abiological

anthropologistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison."Insteadwerelymoreandmoreon

ourfriendsandothersclosertoourownage."

"Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimesfeelannoyed,that'sOK,"Abrams

says.nThisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere'sagoodreasonforit.n

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gibberish0inparagraph2referto?

A.Question.B.Story.C.Saying.D.Nonsense.

13.Whydoteensbecomemoresensitivetounfamiliarvoices?

A.Theyneedmoreconnections.B.Theydesirerealunderstanding.

C.Theyaretiredoftheirmoms.D.Theyhavemoreenergytospare.

14.Whataremoms1voicesliketoteensaccordingtothe2011study?

A.Exciting.B.Unpleasant.C.Comforting.D.Strange.

15.WhatisDanielAbrams'opiniononteens1changeintheirvoicepreference?

A.Itdeservesscientificprevention.B.Itisnormalandunderstandable.

C.Itisdiscouragingandproblematic.D.Itnegativelyaffectstheirgrowth.

二、七选五

16.Likeallmammals,whalesneedtosleepinordertosurvive.Buttheyarealsoair

breathers,meaningthattheycannotsleepinthewaterallthetime.Therearearound90

differenttypesofwhale,whichcanholdtheirbreathforaboutanhour,dependingonthe

species.However,theyusuallytraveluptothesurfacetobreatheevery15minutes.①

Somescientistshavefoundthatwhalescannotbecomefullyunconsciousortheywould

drown.Todealwithlivinginthewaterfull-timewhilehavingtobreatheair,theseair-

breathershaveevolvedintovoluntaryones,asawaytopreventaccidentallybreathingin

wateratinopportunemoments.②Therefore,theyhavetobeawakeandalertatall

timestopreventthemselvesfromdrowning.

Whaleshavesomeofthelargestbrainsontheplanet.®Theycanactivelydecide

whichpartoftheirbrainstouseatagiventime.Thisparticularwayofsleepingcanbeseen

mostclearlyincaptive（圈养的）whales.Whenwhalesaresleeping,theycanbeseenkeeping

oneeyeclosedwhiletheotherremainsopen.

④Somespecies,likespermwhales,enteradeepersleepwheretheyhangin

groups,vertically,nottoofarbelowthesurfaceforjustoveranhour.Otherspecies,suchas

thehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedrestingmotionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterfor

only30minutes.⑤And,killerwhales,whichareverysociallycomplex,neverswim

toofarfromtheothermembersoftheirpod,sleepinginclosegroups.

A.Sohowexactlydotheygetanysleep?

B.Theycontinuetoswimslowlyandregularly.

C.Theywon'tlosetheirbodytemperaturebystayingstill.

D.Ifsaninterestingdilemmaforwhollyoceanairbreathers.

E.Thissleepingtechniquevariesslightlyamongspecies,however.

F.Whalesconsciouslycontroltheirblowholeswithpowerfulmuscles.

G.Spermwhalesinparticularhavethebiggestbrainofanylivingmammal.

三、完形填空（15空）

ThefirstcablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.Theywereinventedbeforethe

automobileinthedayswhenhorse-drawnstreetcarswerethepopularpublictransportation.

Oneday,AndrewHallidie,whosefatherwastheinventorofthewirerope,witnesseda

terrible]involvingastreetcarforwhichitwasthat2theideaofthecablerailway.He

waswanderingaroundthestreetwhenhenoticedahorsestrugglingto3thestreetcarup

JacksonStreet.Ifs4andwasdraggedbackdownahill,passengersandgoods5out

ofthecarriage.ThisscenetriggeredHallidietofinda6waytotransportpeopleand

things.

Backhome,Hallidie7strandsofwireropestomakewirecables,believingthecables

wouldbe8enoughtopullthecablecars.Thenhefoundsomeonetohelphim9the

cars,withdifficultybutsuccessfully.HealsomanagedtogetthehelpofWilliamE.

Eppelsheimer,aGermanengineer,who10thefirstcablecarline.Finally,Hallidie

obtainedaformal11fromalawyernamedBenjaminBrookstobuildavalidsystem.

August2,1873sawthefirsttrialofthecablecar.Originally,Hallidiehiredagripmanto

operatethecar.Butafterlookingdownthe12hill,themanrefusedfirmly.Hallidie

decidedto13itbyhimselffromJonesStreettoKearneyStreetbywayofClayStreet,

knownastheClayStreetHilllinetoday.Aboutonemonthafterthetestrun,theLineopened

for14use.Fromthenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherU.S

citiesandcitiesoverseas.Tillnow,SanFranciscoistheonlycitywherethecablecarstill

15.

17.A.accidentB.horseC.quarrelD.game

18.A.remindedB.conceivedC.recalledD.convinced

19.A.catchB.pushC.kickD.pull

20.A.slippedB.slidC.ranD.jumped

21.A.collapsingB.fallingC.eruptingD.unfolding

22.A.wiserB.rougherC.saferD.broader

23.A.twistedB.revisedC.fixedD.divided

24.A.longB.thickC.roughD.strong

25.A.manufactureB.sellC.designD.advertise

26.A.tookonB.pulledupC.builtupD.laidout

27.A.announcementB.permissionC.commitmentD.appointment

28.A.wideB.steepC.primitiveD.remote

29.A.fetchB.dragC.driveD.direct

30.A.publicB.personalC.outsideD.external

31.A.hatchesB.refreshesC.operatesD.casts

四、短文填空

32.AlthoughfailingtoqualifyfortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar

in2022,Chinahasmadeahuge①(contribute)tothelargestglobalsportingevent.

Chinawasresponsible②buildingStadium974inQatar.Itwasassembled(组装)

from974containersbyChinaInternationalMarineContainersinShenzhen,(3)means

itcanbecompletelytakenapart.

1815buses,including888electric-powered(4)(one),fromHigerBusCoinSuzhou,

⑤(deliver)toQatarlastyear.ItwasthefirsttimethatnewenergybusesfromChina⑥

(use)atamajorglobalsportingevent.

⑦widerangeofChineseitemswereavailableatthetournament,includingkey

rings,horns,flags,clothingandshoesfromYiwu,ZhejiangandJinjiang,FujianProvince,as

wellasfireworksfromLiuyang,HunanProvince.IftheelementsprovidedbyChinafor

QatareventwerecontestinganglobalmanufacturingWorldCup"，"TeamChina”was⑧

(sure)apopularwinner.

Soccerhasthepower⑨(bring)peopletogetherandsuchan⑩(influence)

eventwillboostglobalconsumptionpotential.Chinesebrandsareenteringtheinternational

marketinamoreimperceptible(感觉不至!J的)wayandresonating(弓［起共鸣)withglobal

users.

五、书面表达

33.假如你是某学生会主席李华，为了迎接国际志愿者日(InternationalVolunteerDay)

的到来，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封英文倡议信，号召参加主题为“互助，

互爱”(mutualassistanceandcare)的志愿者活动。

内容包括：

1.倡议目的；

2.活动内容；

3.呼吁参加。

注意：

L写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dearteachersandschoolmates,

theStudents'Union

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

TwofastfriendswereWillieandhislittledogBounce.Williecouldneverthinkoftakinga

walkwithoutBounce.Cakeandplaywereequallysharedbetweenthem.Willietaughthis

dogmanycunningtricks,andoftensaidthatBouncecoulddoalmostanythingintheworld

buttalk.Thenonabrightsummerafternoon,WilliehadstrolledwithBouncedowntothe

river,whichwasnotmorethantwoblocksfromhisfather'sstore-Mr.Brown'sstore.

Williebegantothrowstonesintothewater,andtowatchtheripples（涟漪）astheymade

onecircleafteranother.Bouncelayonthegrass,watchingthefliesbuzzingaroundhisnose,

andcatchingsomethatcametoonear.

Thereweresomelogsfloatingintherivernearthebank.Williejumpedupononeofthem

toseeifhecouldthrowastoneacrosstheriver.Hedrewbackandsentthestonewithall

strength.Justasitlefthishand,thelogturnedandhefellintothewater.Hewasfrightened,

forhedidnotknowhowtoswim,andtherewasnoonetohear,thoughhecalledasloudas

hecouldforhelp.

Notbeingabigwaterdog,poorBounceranupanddownthebanktwoorthreetimes,

barking,lookingfirstatWillieandthenaround.

注意：

L续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

Thenhestarted,asfastashecouldrun,upthestreettowardsMr.Brown'sstore.

Bounce,sensingMr.Brownrealizingsomethingwaswrong,headedfortheriver.

参考答案

1.答案：B

解析：根据第一个小标题下的InNewZealand,thecountrythatinventedbungeejumping

可知,蹦极是新西兰发明的，故如果你想去体验蹦极就去新西兰。故选B项。

2.答案：D

解析：根据第二个小标题下的HelpsavetheturtlesinTrinidadandTobago可知，在特立尼

达和多巴哥你可以拯救海龟，即游客可以保护海洋动物。故选D项。

3.答案：A

解析：根据最后一段的小标题Culture:Placeswherehistoryandheritagerule可知,本段列

举的几个旅游地点的共性是它们都突出了历史和文化遗产。故选A项。

4.答案：A

解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的"Butsomeotherchildrenatschoolbulliedhimforhis

longbraids.”可知，第一段交代事情的起因，即迈伦因留长发而受到欺凌。故选A项。

5.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Shedidnotwanthimtobecomedepressed,oreven

suicidal.Sheknewthenumberofnativechildrenwhohadkilledthemselveshadbeen

increasing.SosheaskedMylontocuthishair.”可知，迈伦的母亲是因为害怕迈伦抑郁甚至

自杀,所以让他剪掉长发。故选B项。

6.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"ButgovernmentofficialsintheU.S.andCanada

havehistoricallyseennativepeople'shairdifferently.Longhair,theybelieved,showedthata

personwaswild—notcivilized.”可知，政府对于留长发的原住民男性的看法是认为其野蛮

且并未开化。故选D项。

7.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nativepeoplehaveresistedpressureforcuttingtheir

hairinmanyways,includingtakinglegalaction.Recently,theyarealso—likeMylon—using

socialmedia.”可知,不只迈伦一个人在为传统的长发做斗争。故选A项。

8.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的"Buildingacyclingculturethatissociallyacceptedtomost,means

havingsignificantamountsofpeopledevelopingskillsofridingbikes."可知，骑行文化的建立可以让许

多人提升自己的车技。故答案选D项。

9.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的"Forindividualsinmanydevelopedcountries,wouldreducea

person'stravelemissionsby75percent."和最后一段的"Eitherthroughtheprovisionoftools,...while

strengtheningcommunityvalues.”可判断，作者在文章中重点强调这个观点：骑自行车是一种非常低

碳、可持续的出行方式。故答案选A项。

10.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知，作者非常赞同和支持自行车厨房（bikekitchen）。故答

案选C项。

11.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是自行车厨房的益处很多，但最关键的一点是可以推广骑行文化,

从而让更多人爱上骑自行车。比较选项可知,B项最能概括文章大意。

12.答案：D

解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后文"teebudieshawlt,keebudieshawltand

peebudieshawlt"和"Usingsuchmeaninglesswords（用这些无意义的词语）”可推知，画线

词gibberish的意思是''无意义的话”，与nonsense的意思最为接近。故选D。

13.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"It'sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyof

attention.Here'swhy:Askidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheir

family.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld.（只是不熟悉

的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下:随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关

系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。）"可知，青少年对陌生的声

音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。

14.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第五段"Butmoms'voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyin

timesofstress,a2011studywithgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirls

heardtheirmoms'voicesonthephone.（但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声

音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声

音时，她们的压力水平下降了。）"可推断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感

到安慰。故选C。

15.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段”"Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimes

feelannoyed,that'sOK,"Abramssays."Thisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere'sagood

reasonforit."（Abrams说：”所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火，但这没关

系。""这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。可推断，DanielAbrams认为青

少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。

16.答案：AFGEC

解析：①根据上文"Likeallmammals,whalesneedtosleepinordertosurvive.（和所有哺乳

动物一样，鲸鱼需要睡觉才能生存）"及"However,theyusuallytraveluptothesurfaceto

breatheevery15minutes.”可知，鲸鱼通常每隔15分钟要浮出水面呼吸，但像其它哺乳

动物一样，它们也得睡觉。推测空格处的内容与“鲸鱼如何在这过程中睡觉”有关。故

选A项。

②根据下文“Therefore,theyhavetobeawakeandalertatalltimestopreventthemselves

fromdrowning.（因此，他们必须时刻保持清醒和警惕，以防止自己溺水）”可知，空格处

的内容应该与鲸鱼如何避免吸入海水有关，F项“鲸鱼有意识地用强有力的肌肉控制它

们的气孔。”是后文鲸鱼避免吸入海水的结果。故选F项。

③根据上文的"Whaleshavesomeofthelargestbrainsontheplanet.（鲸鱼有着地球上最大

的大脑）''和下文的"Theycanactivelydecidewhichpartoftheirbrainstouseatagiventime.

（他们可以主动决定在给定的时间使用大脑的哪一部分厂可知，空格处的内容应该与鲸

鱼的大脑有关，G项“抹香鲸的大脑是现存哺乳动物中最大的。”符合此处语境。故选

G项。

④根据后文“Somespecies,likespermwhales,enteradeepersleepwheretheyhangin

groups,vertically,nottoofarbelowthesurfaceforjustoveranhour.（有些物种，比如抹香

鲸，会进入更深的睡眠状态，它们成群结队地垂直悬挂在水面下不远的地方，仅仅一

个多小时）"及"Otherspecies,suchasthehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedresting

motionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterforonly30minutes.（其他物种，例如座头鲸，已经

被观察到在水面上静止不动地休息仅仅30分钟）”可知，E项“然而，这种睡眠技巧在不

同鲸鱼种类间略有不同。”总起全段，是全段的总结。故选E项。

⑤本艮据上文的“Otherspecies,suchasthehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedresting

motionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterforonly30minutes.（其他物种，例如座头鲸，已经

被观察到在水面上静止不动地休息仅仅30分钟户可知，通过保持静止不动，座头鲸尽

量保持体温不变。G项“它们不会因为静止不动而失去体温。”承接上文，符合此处语

境。故选C项。

17.答案：A

解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.accident事故;Bhorse马;C.quarrel吵架;D.game游戏。

句意:一天，安德鲁•哈利迪（AndrewHallidie）,他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了

一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。由

下文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，马车被拖下山，这是发生了一场

事故。故选A项。

18.答案：B

解析：waytotransportpeopleandthings.（这一幕促使哈利迪去找到一种（6）的方式来运送

人和物）”可知，马车被拖下山这一事故使电缆轨道的想法被构想出来。故选B项，

19.答案：D

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.catch抓住;B.push推;C.kick踢;D.pu拉。句意:当他在街

上闲逛时，他注意到一匹马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。与下文"wasdraggedback

downahill（被拖下山）"马车被拖下山相对照，此处在讲马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊

街。故选D项。

20.答案：A

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.slipped（意外而不自主地）滑落，下降;B.slid（在一个光滑

的表面持续地）滑动;C.ran跑步;D.jumped跳跃。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和

货物从车厢里掉了出来。由下文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，马应

该是滑了一滑才被拖下山的。故选A项。

21.答案:B

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.collapsing倒塌;B.falling落（到）;C.erupting爆

发;D.unfolding展开。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。

由上文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，

乘客和货物肯定也从车厢里掉了出来，才能体现事故场景。故选B项。

22.答案：C

解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.wiser更聪明的;B.rougher更粗糙的;C.safer更安全

的:D.broader更广泛的。句意:这一幕促使哈利迪找到了一种更安全的方式来运送人和

物。由上文语境可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来，

这危险的场景使哈利迪想找到一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。故选c项。

23.答案：A

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.twisted扭转;B.evised修正;C.fixed修理;D.divided分

开。意:回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆

车。由下文"strandsofwireropestomakewirecables"可知，此处指哈利迪把几股钢丝绳

拧成钢缆，去增加钢缆的结实性。故选A项。

24.答案：D

解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.long长的;B.thick厚的;C.rough粗糙的;D.strong坚强

的。句意:回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动

缆车。由上文"strandsofwireropestomakewirecables"可知，把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，

增加了钢缆的结实性，让钢缆足够坚固以拉动缆车。故选D项。

25.答案：C

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.manufacture生产;B.sell卖;C.design设计;D.advertise做

广告。句意:然后他找人帮他设计汽车，虽然困难重重，但还是成功了。发明可知，他

找人帮他设计电缆汽车。故选C项。

26.答案：D

解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.tookon承担;B.pulledup拔起;C.builtup建立;D.laid

out铺开，排列。句意他还设法得到了德国工程师WilliamE.Eppelsheimer的帮助，他

铺设了第一条缆车线路。由电缆车的发明和下文"thefirstcablecarline"可知，此处指铺

设第一条电缆车线路。故选D项。

27.答案：B

解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.announcement宣布;B.permission许可;C.commitment承

诺;D.appointment约会。句意:最后，哈利迪从一位名叫BenjaminBrooks的律师那里获

得了建立有效系统的正式许可。由下文"alawyer"和"tobuildavalidsystem"可知，律师

工作内容与法律许可等相关，哈利迪想建立有效的电缆车系统，是需要获得政府许可

的。故选B项。

28.答案：B

解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.wide广泛的:B.steep陡峭的;C.primitive原始

的;Diemote遥远的。句意:但在看了看陡峭的山坡后，那个人坚决拒绝了。由下文“the

manrefusedfirmly"可知，应该是一个陡峭的山坡，看到害怕，那个人才拒绝的。故选

B项。

29.答案：C

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.fetch拿来;B.dag拖;C.drive开车;D.direct指示。意:哈利

迪决定自己开车从琼斯街经过克莱街到科尔尼街，今天被称为克莱街希尔线。由上文

"themanrefusedfirmly（那个人坚决拒绝了）"和下文"tbyhimself"可知，雇佣的人看到陡

峭的山坡后拒绝试车，最后哈利迪亲自上阵，自己开车。故选C项。

30.答案：A

解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.public公共的;B.personal个人的;C.outside外面

的;D.external外部的。句意:试运行大约一个月后，该线路向公众开放。呼应下文"From

thenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherUScitiesandcities

overseas.（从那时起，其他线路在旧金山以及美国其他城市和海外城市开通）”其他线路

向公众开放，试运行大约一个月后，发现安全性很好，该线路向公众开放。故选A

项。

31.答案：C

解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.hatches孵化;B.refreshes刷新;C.operates使运行;D.casts

投射。句意:到目前为止，旧金山是唯一一个缆车仍在运营的城市。由上文"Thefirst

cablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.（第一辆缆车起源于旧金山）"和本处语境可知，作

为第一辆缆车起源的旧金山，其缆车仍在运营。故选C项。

32.答案：①contribution②for③which④ones⑤weredelivered⑥hadbeenused⑦A⑧

surely⑨tobring⑩influential

解析：①考查名词。句意:尽管未能获得2022年卡塔尔世界杯足球赛决赛的参赛资格，

但中国为这项全球最大的体育赛事做出了巨大贡献。makeahugecontributionto是固定

搭配，意为"为做出巨大贡献"。故填contributiono

②考查介词。句意:中国承建了卡塔尔974体育场。beresponsiblefor是固定搭配，意为"

对...负责故填for。

③考查定语从句。句意:它由深圳的中国国际海运集装箱（集团）股份有限公司用974个

集装箱组装而成，这意味着它可以被完全拆除。此处为非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句

子,且从句中缺少主语。故填which。

④考查代词。句意:去年，苏州海格客车有限公司向卡塔尔交付了1815辆客车，包括888

辆纯电动客车。此处指代buses,应用one的复数形式。故填ones。

⑤考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:去年，苏州海格客车有限公司向卡塔尔交付了

1815辆客车，包括888辆纯电动客车。根据lastyear可知，时态应用一般过去时;buses和

deliver是动宾关系，应用被动语态;主语1815buses是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式