2024年高考英语押题卷1全国解析版

2024年高考英语押题卷01（全国通用）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡

上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角”条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3,非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如

需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C,£9.15.

答案是C。

1.（2024・陕西汉中,统考一模）Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?

A.Uncomfortableseats.B.Thetrafficnoise.C.MissLee'sweakvoice.

【答案】B

【原文】W:MissLee'svoiceissosoftthatIcanhardlyhearclearlywhatsheissaying.

M:Don'tblameher.Ifsthetrafficoutside.Nexttimeifsbettertositatthefront.

2.（2024•河南新乡,统考一模）Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.Havearest.B.Dancewiththeman.C.Practicedancingforanotherhour.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Howdidyourdancinglessongotoday?

W:Exciting,butitwashardwork.Ireallyneedarestnow.

M:Yeah,Icanseethat.Goandgetrelaxed.

3.（2024•四川乐山•统考一模）Whatistheoccupationofthewoman?

A.Areceptionist.B.Asaleswoman.C.Awaitress.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Goodevening,Mister.IsthereanythingIcanhelpyou?

M:Yes,rdliketomakeareservationforJune24.Isthereastandardroomavailable?

W:Pleaseholdon.I'llcheckitforyou.

4.（2024•四川乐山・统考一模）Whenwastheshowduetostart?

A.At8:00pm.B.At9:00pm.C.At11:00pm.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Lookatthetime一9:00pm.Theconcertwassupposedtobeginanhourago.

M:Relax.Thesethingsneverstartontime.There?salwayssomedelaybeforeashowreallystarts.

W:Butmylastbusisat11:00pm.ThatmeansI'llmisssomeoftheshow.

5.（2024•四川乐山・统考一模）HowwillthewomanprobablygotoNewYork?

A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.

【答案】B

【原文】W:WhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytogettoNewYork?

M:Well,asithasbeenrainingheavilythesedays,takingabusordrivingyourowncarcanbedangerous.So,

takingthetrainmaybeyourbestchoice.

第二节（共15小题每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟听完后,

各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。

（2024•四川乐山•统考一模）

6.Whydoesthemanfeeldiscouraged?

A.Becausehehasputonsomeweight.

B.Becausehedidn'tmakeittotheteam.

C.Becausehecouldn,tresistthedishesandsnacks.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?

A.Joinafitnessprogramme.

B.Keephimselfhealthy.

C.Stopeatingdishesandsnacks.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】M:Hi,Tiffany.

W:Hi,Mark.Youlookverysadtoday.

M:Youknow,Iscored15goalslastyear,butIwasstillnotselectedfortheteam.Itjustdoesn'tmakesense.

W:Well,Ibelieveyou'veputonsomepoundsright?Sinceyourcomingbackafterthespringbreak,you'renotthe

playeryouusedtobe.

M:Yeah,IadmitIjustcouldn'tresistthedishesandsnacksmymummadeeveryday.

W:Howaboutussettingupafitnessprogrammeforyoutoloseweight?

M:OK.Howlongwillittake?

W:Togetyoubackinshape,atleastamonth.

M:Amonth?Icannotdoamonth!

W:Ifyouwanttobebackintheteam,thafswhatyouneedtodo.

听第7段对话，回答第8、9题。

（2024・四川泸州•校考一模）

8.Whatwillthewomandointheclub?

A.Cookalunch.B.Dothewashing-up.C.Workasadriver.

9.WhenwillMrs.Claragotothehospital?

A.NextTuesday.B.NextWednesday.C.NextFriday.

【答案】8.C9.A

【原文】W:Hello,rdliketodosomevolunteerservicetohelpothersinmyfreetime.WhatcanIdo?

M:Wesetupalunchclubfortheelderly.Somepeopleinneedarefromneighboringvillages,soweneedmore

drivers.

W:Tmwillingtohelpwiththat.SowhatexactlydoIneedtohelpelderresidents?

M:Well,infact,there'sMrs.Clara.SheneedsalifttothehospitalnextTuesday.Doesthatsuityou?

W:Yes.Noproblem.TilalsobefreenextFriday.

听第8段对话，回答第10至12题。

（2024•河南新乡•统考一模）

10.Whoisthewomanprobably?

A.Abankmanager.B.Arestaurantowner.C.Alandagent.

11.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?

A.Tosave$40,000.B.Toanswerquestions.C.Toborrowsomemoney.

12.Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?

A.InLincolnRoad.B.Nexttothebank.C.Inhisgrandmother'shouse.

13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?

A.Thelocation.B.Hisfutureplans.C.Enoughcustomers.

【答案】10.A11.C12.A13.B

【原文】W:Comein,sir.Pleasesitdown.

M:Thankyou.Thanksverymuchforfittingmein.Iknowyoumustbeverybusy.

W:Notatall.Wedotrytobeavailableasmuchaspossible.

M:Well,asyouknow,Fvecometoseeifthereisanychanceofthebanklendingmesomemoneytohelpmeset

upasmallrestaurantinthecenteroftown.

W:Well...Ineedtoaskyouoneortwoquestionstostartwith.Doyouhaveanycapitalofyourown?

M:Er,infact,Tvejustcomeintosomemoney.Yousee,mygrandmotherrecentlydiedandleftme$40,000whichI

wantedtouseforthebusiness.ButIstillneedmoremoneytostartmybusiness.

W:Isee.Andhaveyouactuallypickedoutasuitablelocationfortherestaurant?

M:Yes,Ithinkso.InLincolnRoad.Ifsonthegroundfloor.

W:Fine.Andhowaboutfutureplans?It'samust.Haveyoubroughtyourbusinessproposal?

M:Sure.Tvepreparedallforit.Hereyouare.

W:You'resocareful,sir.Andwe'llinformyouabouttheloanwithinthreedays.

M:Thankyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

听第9段对话，回答第13至16题。

（2023•江西宜春•校联考二模）

14.WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday?

A.Afilmreview.B.Apassage.C.Asummary.

15.Howmanywordsdoesthewomanneedtowritefortheassignment?

A.About150.B.About120.C.About100.

16.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Rememberthenewwords.

B.Recitethetexttotheclass.

C.Copytheidiomsthreetimes.

【答案】14.C15.A16.A

【原文】M:Now,Iwillassignafewafter-classexercisesforyou.Pleaseopenyourbooksandturntopage167.

Haveyougotit,Mary?

W:Yes,Igotit.Ifstheshortpassage,“Grandpa'sGift”,right?

M:Yes.That'swhatI'dlikeyoutoreadafterclassandthenwriteasummary,whichwillneedtobehandedinnext

Monday.Anyquestions?

W:Yes.Mr.Smith,doyouhaveanyrequirementsaboutthelengthofthesummary?

M:Oh,asitisasummary,Idon'twantyoutomakeitverycomplicated,sokeepitshort,about150words.

W:OK,Iunderstand.Iwilltrytousewhatwe'velearnedtodayinthesummary.Arethereanyotherassignments?

M:Readthetextandmakesurethatyouunderstandthemeaningofthetext.Isuggestyoucopythetextthreetimes,

butyouneedn'tmemorizeit.Justtrytorememberallthenewwords.Besurethatyouknowtheirspelling,

pronunciationandmeaning.

W:OK,andIwillreviewtoday5slessonandlearnallthenewwordsbyheart.

听第10段对话，回答第17至20题。

（2023•江西抚州•金溪一中校联考一模）

17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Oldflatmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Newclassmates.

18.WhydidthewomanchooseWestVillageUniversity?

A.Itwasfairlyclosetoherhouse.

B.Itprovidedherwithascholarship.

C.Itwasrecommendedbyherparents.

19.Whatdidtheman'sbrothermajorinatcollege?

A.Psychology.B.Engineering.C.Business.

20.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Meetprofessors.C.Sharelivingfees.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A

【原文】W:Hello,mynameisJoanneandIwillbeyournewflatmate.

M:Nicetomeetyou,Joanne.TmCarl.So,Ihearyou'reacollegestudentatWestVillageUniversity.Isthatright?

W:Yes.TmstudyingpsychologyatWestVillageandrilstartmyfirstyearthere.

M:That'sgreat.I'malsoastudentatWestVillageandFmstudyingengineeringinmysecondyear.Whatmade

youwanttogotoWestVillageUniversity?

W:Well,Iwasinbetweentwoschoolsatfirst-WestVillageUniversityandSacredHeartUniversity.Iendedup

choosingWestVillagebecausetheyofferedmeagenerousscholarship,whilemyparentsthoughtthatSacredHeart

Universitywasnearmyhouse.Howaboutyou,Carl?

M:IchoseWestVillageUniversitybecauseitwasfairlyclosetomyhomeandmybrotherhadattendedtheschool

beforeme.Hesaidhehadagreattimeinlearningbusiness.Hegavemeallthetipsandtricksaboutwhich

professorstofollowandwhattoavoid.

W:Todayisourfirstmeeting.Howabouthavingdinnertogether?Wecanhaveachataboutourhobbiesandliving

habits.

M:Soundslovely.Ifsmytreattoday.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

（2023•江西赣州•统考二模）FouroftheTop10FastestBulletTrainsintheWorld2023

FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPH

Theworld'sfastestlong-distancestandardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.ItrunsbetweenShanghaiand

Beijinginjustfivehours,withacapacityofover550passengers.Knownas“DolphinBlue"and"GoldenPhoenix^^

arethetwoversionsAFandBF,slightlydifferentfromeachother.FuxingHaodebuted（首秀）in2016andlowered

itssiblingHarmony380by13mphtosecondplace.

EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPH

In2015,SiemenslaunchedtheEurostarE320,whoseinteriorsweredesignedbyfamousPininfarinaItalian

stylists.Thetrainwilleasilyaccommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.Eurostarisremarkably

environmentallysustainable,with90percentfeweremissionsperpassengerthanLondon'sflighttoParis.

TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPH

BuiltbyPatentesTalgo,theSpanishTalgo350runsbetweenMadridandBarcelona.InSpanish,thetrainhasa

nickname,"Pato/meaningduck.Thisisbecauseoftheraisednosecone(圆锥形)similartoaduckbill.Thereare

multipleclassesforseats:Club(with14-26seats),First(with26seats)andCoach(with36seats).Eachseatcomes

withlampsforreadingandlaptopandmobilephonechargingpowerpoints.

AGVITALO-ITALY,223MPH

IthasthedistinctionofbeingthefastesttraininEuropeat223mph.Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks/the

plumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,acompanyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,the

formerpresidentofFerrari.Thecompartmentsinitare9feettall,makingiteasiertonavigatewithbaggage,and

thereareluxuriousleatherseatsalsointhegeneralcompartments.

21.Whichofthefollowingisthefastesttrain?

A.FuxingHaoCR400.B.EurostarE320.

C.Talgo350.D.AgvItalo.

22.HowmanypeoplecanEurostarE300hold?

A.750.B.880.

C.900.D.920.

23.WhatdoTalgo350andAgvItalohaveincommon?

A.Theirownnickname.B.Strangeshapes.

C.Politicalbackgrounds.D.Largeseats.

【答案】21.A22.B23.A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了2023年世界十大最快子弹头列车中的四辆列车得基本信息。

21.细节理解题。根据FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPH标题下“Theworld'sfastestlong-distance

standardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.（复世界上最快的长途标准列车是复兴号CR400。）可知，最快的火

车是复兴号CR400。故选A项。

22.细节理解题。根据EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPH标题下“Thetrainwilleasily

accommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.”（这列火车将轻松容纳900人，比欧洲之星E300多20

人。）可知，欧洲之星E320可容纳900人比欧洲之星E300多20人，推断出欧洲之星E300可容纳880人。

故选B项。

23.细节理解题。根据TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPH标题下“InSpanish,thetrainhasanickname,Tato；

meaningduck.”（西班牙语中，火车有一个昵称，“Pato”，意思是鸭子。）和AGVITALO-ITAIY,223MpH

标题下“Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks,,theplumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,a

companyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,theformerpresidentofFerrari."（绰号”赛道上的法拉利”的梅红

色列车由NuovoTrasportoViaggiatori运营，该公司由法拉利前总裁LucaCorderodiMontezemolo领导。）可

知，Talgo350和AgvItalo的共同点是他们都有自己的昵称。故选A项。

B

（2023河南,高三校联考开学考试）WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,Pennsylvania

CollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.

“IspentaroundsixdaysstressingandhavingaveryhardtimewithmehavingalltheluxuriesIcurrentlydo

andmyfamilynothavingany,“theGuaynabo,PuertoRico,residentsaid.Santaellasaidthatherhometownis

withoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.

Toreduceherstress,Santaella,whoisstudyingforanassociatedegreeinbakingandpastryarts,immersed

（沉浸）herselfinwhatsheknowsbest:baking.6<Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandto

thenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone,soIspokewithChef

CharlesNiedermyer,ourinstructorofbakingandpastryartsaboutasaleofbakedgoodsinthecollege'sBush

CampusCenter.

“Nataschaisabright,energeticyoungladywithabigheart,“Niedermyersaid."Iwasnotsurprisedtofindher

inmyoffice,lookingforwaystohelpthepeopleofPuertoRico.”

Toprepare,SantaellahadmultiplemeetingswithNiedermyer,spenthoursfinalizingrecipes,designedsignage

（标志）anddecorations,andgotfriendstostaffthesaletablewithher.Andthentherewasthebaking:Santaellaand

twofriendsinthebakingandpastryartsmajorspentsixhoursbaking90loavesofbread,24dozendinnerrollsand

30cheesecakesinavarietyofflavors.

Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,an

initiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaand

HurricaneMaria.

“Ihopetomainlyincreaseawarenessofwhathashappened,andtoshowpeoplethattherearePuertoRican

studentsatthisschool,Santaellasaid.6tIhopethatothershadthegreatexperienceIhadwithallmyteachersand

howunderstandingtheywerewithme.”

24.WhydidSantaellafeelverystressed?

A.Becauseabighurricanewasapproaching.

B.Becauseshewasleftwithoutpowerandwater.

C.Becauseherfolksweresufferingduetohurricanes.

D.Becauseshelostallherbelongingsinthehurricane.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispersed“probablymeaninParagraph3?

A.Exposed.B.Connected.C.Distributed.D.Contributed.

26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.PuertoRicomightbestrickenbyhurricanesfrequently.

B.NiedermyerrespondedtoSantaella^ideascoldly.

C.Santaellaorganizedthesaleathercollegeallalone.

D.PennsylvaniaCollegehasfewstudentsfromPuertoRico.

27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HurricaneCausesHugeLossestoPuertoRico

B.StudentPutsSkillstoUsetoHelpHerHometown

C.CollegeStudentShowsBakingSkillsThroughSales

D.TeacherandStudentsWorkTogetherinFundRaising

【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大

学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。

24.推理判断题。由第一段“WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeof

TechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.刍飓风在波多黎各造成破坏时，宾

夕法尼亚理工学院的学生娜塔莎・G・桑塔拉感受到了各种痛苦的情绪）”和第二段中“Santaellasaidthather

hometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.（Santatella说，她的家乡没

有电和水，那里的人们害怕即将发生的事情）“可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，

不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C项。

25.词句猜测题。由第三段中“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedto

thepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone（一开始只是烤面包，然后运到岛上，然后

dispersed给人们,但我发现这对我来说非常昂贵）“可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛

屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发（Distributed）”。故选C项。

26.推理判断题。由倒数第二段"Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000for

UnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythe

passageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.（在六个小时的销售中，Santaella和她的朋友们为Unitedfor

PuertoRico筹集了1000多美元，这是一项旨在为波多黎各受飓风Irma和飓风Maria影响的人提供援助和支

持的举措）“可知，波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风

袭击。故选A项。

27.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学

习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事，B项“学生运用技能帮助家

乡''符合此意。故选B项。

C

（2024•江西萍乡•萍乡中学校考一模）Imagineyou'reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingto

findarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou'relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdiners

becauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?

Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas

“herdbehaviour^^.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexample

beingsheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there9s'"safetyinnumbers^^.

Psychologyresearchsuggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatterns

betweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite（前提）isthe

humanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusing

theinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.

Contrarytotheso-called"wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroup

membersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called

'"informationcascades（信/息瀑布）“，wherepeopletakeonothers5beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcritically

assessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不理性的）orsimplystupid

behaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingunfavorableinfluenceson

consumerchoices,likeintherestaurantexampleabove.

However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitude

changesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers5

opinion,andquestioningothers9behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.

28.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled"herdbehaviour^^?

A.Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.

B.Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.

C.Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.

D.Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.

29.Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin.

A.explaininglifepatterns

B.understandingsocialconnections

C.comprehendingothers'mentalstate

D.sharinginformationamongindividuals

30.Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?

A.Wisdomofcrowds.B.Uncertainoutcomes.

C.Lackofrationalanalyses.D.Enoughindividualopinions.

31.Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?

A.Neverfollowthetrend.B.Keepaquestioningmind.

C.Saynotoanypopularevents.D.Standoppositeagainstthepublic.

【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影

响并解释了“羊群行为''的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性，因为这种行为往往不需要批判性思考，

可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为，并要保持批判性思维。

28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththe

crowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour^^.（自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流通常被称为“从众行

为可知，选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为“羊群行为故选A。

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29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Akeyprerequisite（M提）isthehumanabilitytomentalise?whichmeans

beingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.（一

个关键的先决条件是人类“心理化'’的能力，这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态，并利用这些信息来解

释他们的选择）''可知，"羊群行为的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选C。

30.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"Contrarytotheso-called"wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthe

judgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehavior

typicallyrelyonso-called'"informationcascades（信息瀑布）”,wherepeopletakeonothers'beliefsorcopytheir

choiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不理

性的）orsimplystupidbehaviors.（与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，当个体群体成员的判断被独立收集以产生平均

意见时，“羊群行为''通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情况下接受他人的

信念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。）“可知，缺乏理性的分析导致了“羊

群行为故选C。

31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherd

behaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmore

criticalapproachestowardstheirpeers'opinion,andquestioningothers'behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowing

them.（然而，似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反，长期的态度改变可能是必要的，

这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度，质疑他人的行为，而不是盲目地追随他们）''可知，保持

质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选B。

D

（2024•江西景德镇•统考一模）Itturnsoutourplantsarejustlikeusinsomeways.Weturntomedicinesto

relieveaminorfluorheadache,andplantstoohavetheirwaysofself^medicating.Theyprotectthemselvesfrom

environmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid（水杨酸）.Itisresponsibleforthe

anti-inflammatoryactionofaspirin,adrugwhichhasbeenusedbyhumansforcenturiestocounterpainand

inflammation.

Researchershavefoundthatplants'salicylicacid,whichisproducedinchloroplasts（叶绿体），isusually

generatedinresponsetothestresscausedbyclimatechange.a4Ifslikeplantsuseapainkillerforachesandpains,

justlikewedo,“saidplantbiologistWilhelminavandevenfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,River-side（U.

C.R）

"We'dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance（作物抗性saidU.C.R.plantgeneticist

Jin-ZhengWang."Thatwillbecrucialforthefoodsupplyinourincreasinglyhot,brightworld.”

HumanskinproducesROS（Reactiveoxygenspecies）（活性氧）intheabsenceofsunscreen.Thiscauses

frecklesandbums.Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,athighlevels,

cancausedeath.

Atlowlevels,however,ROSservesanessentialfunctioninplantcells.<4ROSisadouble-edgedsword,9,said

Wang."Atnon-lethallevels,ROSarelikeanemergencycalltoaction,enablingtheproductionofprotective

hormones（激素）suchassalicylicacid.^^Theacidthenactstoprotecttheplants'chloroplasts,knowntobethesite

ofphotosynthesis.

“Withclimatechange,thingslikesalicylicacid:helpingplantsstanduptostresseshavebecomemore

common.So,beingabletoincreaseplants'abilitytoproduceitrepresentsastepforwardinchallengingtheimpacts

ofclimatechangeoneverydaylife,,?saidKatayoonDehesh,UCRprofessorofmolecularbiochemistry.

“Thoseimpactsgobeyondourfood.Plantsbeingintroubleareasignofwhatthefutureholdsforus,“she

continued."'Plantscleanourairbyremovingthecarbondioxidefromitwhilealsoofferingusshade,andproviding

habitatsfornumerousanimals.Forhumankind,thebenefitsofboostingplants'abilitytosurvivearebecoming

increasinglyessential.^^

32.Whatisthemainfunctionofsalicylicacidinplants?

A.Tosecureplants.B.Toproducechloroplasts.

C.Torelievepainandinflammation.D.Togeneratehormones.

33.WhatisthemaincauseofROSformationinplants?

A.Lackofsunscreen.B.Chloroplasticacid.

C.Environmentalstresses.D.UseofPhotosynthesis.

34.WhatisthemaingoaloftheresearchersatUCR?

A.Toexplorethehistoryandsignificanceofaspirininhumanmedicine.

B.Toinventadevicethatcanmakeplantsdoself^medicating.

C.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenplantsandhumansinself^medicating.

D.Toimprovecropresistancebyincreasingplants'abilitytoproducesalicylicacid.

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Plantscanbeimprovedtoresistenvironmentalhazards.

B.Plantsproducetheirownaspirintocopewithstress.

C.Plantsandhumanssharesomecommonfeaturesandneeds.

D.Plantscontributetothewell-beingofhumansandanimals.

【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危

害。

32.推理判断题。根据第一段"Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheat

byproducingsalicylicacid（水杨酸）.（它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。）”

可知，水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物，故选A。

33.细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,at

highlevels,cancausedeath.（!?|#,环境压力会导致植物体内ROS的形成，而这种ROS在高水平时可能导致

死亡。）“可知，植物中ROS形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选C。

34.推理判断题。根据第三段“"We，dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance（作物抗性）,''

saidU.C.R.plantgeneticistJin-ZhengWang.（“我们希望能够利用这一发现来提高作物的抗性，”加州大学洛杉

矶分校植物遗传学家