2025版高考英语总复习高考语法与写作专题10并列句和状语从句教学案外研版_第1页
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PAGEPAGE1专题十并列句和状语从句(一)语法讲练——过学问关要点一并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简洁句构成。在并列句中,这些简洁句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。1.转折/对比并列连词连接的并列句常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but,while(而)等。其中,while连接并列句时,两分句之间是对比关系。Itoftenrainsinthesouth,whileitseldomrainsinthenorth.在南方常常下雨,然而在北方很少下雨。2.联合并列连词连接的并列句常用的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and,notonly...but(also),neither...nor等。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,but(also)hespokemoreeasily.他不仅说得更正确,而且说得更轻松。3.选择并列连词(or,either...or,not...but...等)连接的并列句Wouldyouliketoleaveorwouldyouliketostay?你是想走还是想留?4.因果并列连词(for,so等)连接的并列句Hemusthavebeencaughtintherain,forheiswetallover.他确定淋雨了,因为他全身都湿了。5.特别并列连词及并列句(1)when可用于并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式:①beabouttodosth.when...“刚要做某事,这时突然……”②beonthepointofdoingsth.when...“刚要做某事,这时突然……”③bedoingsth.when...“正在做某事,这时突然……”④haddonesth.when...“刚做了某事,这时突然……”Hewasabouttogotoschoolwhenastrongwindbegantoblow.他刚要去上学,这时突然刮起了大风。(2)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Givemeachance,andI'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.给我一个机会,我会还你一个奇迹。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.[解析]分析句子结构及语境可知,Vietnam与空前的“China,Japan,Korea”之间是并列关系,故填并列连词and。[答案]and2.(2024·四川卷)Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,________itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.[解析]依据语境可知此处应用and连接两个并列分句。[答案]and3.(2024·江苏卷改编)________somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.[解析]考查连词。两个分句之间明显存在一种对比关系,“一些人做事的动机是胜利的需求,而其他人做事的动机却是胆怯 失败”。while“然而,但是”,表示对比,符合句意。[答案]While4.(2024·北京卷改编)Iamnotafraidoftomorrow,________IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.[解析]考查并列连词。句意:我不胆怯 明天,因为我已经见证了昨天并且我酷爱今日。依据句意可知,前后句之间是因果关系,且表示“前果后因”,故用并列连词for。[答案]forⅡ.单句改错1.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears,butheagreed.____________[解析]考查并列连词。依据句意可知,此处表示顺承关系,故把but改为and。[答案]but→and2.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.____________[解析]此处表示在过去几年里,我不仅身体上成长了,而且思想上也成长了。notonly...butalso...为固定搭配。[答案]and→but3.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.____________[解析]句中表示我认为自己领悟了教练的吩咐,但是一旦启动汽车,我的大脑一片空白。依据语境可知,此处前后句存在转折关系。so是表示因果关系的并列连词,应当改成表示转折关系的并列连词but或者yet。[答案]so→but/yet4.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.____________[解析]从属连词Though(虽然)不行与并列连词but(但是)一起运用,故去掉but。[答案]去掉but5.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.____________[解析]依据语境可知,句中不是表示选择关系,而是表示“簇新的蔬菜和优质的油”,故把or改为and。[答案]or→and要点二状语从句1.时间状语从句(1)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法when持续性动词、非持续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生while持续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as持续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边……一边……;随着”Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金属受热时膨胀。While/WhenIwasreading,hecamein.我正在看书时,他进来了。Thestudentssangastheywalked.学生们边走边唱。Asayoungman(=Whenhewasayoungman),hewasfondofhunting.他年轻时宠爱打猎。(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句①before与since的常用句式ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.我半年之后才回来。Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面。Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback.三天后他才回来。②since引导的从句假如用非持续性动词,所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起;若用持续性动词或状态动词,所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。It'stwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我们到这儿两年了。It'sthreeyearssincewelivedhere.我们不住在这里有三年了。(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句①引导时间状语从句,且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有assoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely...when/before,nosooner...than...等。Directlyyoufeelanypains,youmustgotothedoctor.你一感觉难受就必需去找医生。Wewillleavetheminuteyouareready.你一打算好,我们就动身。②hardly/scarcely...when/before,nosooner...than...中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当nosooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.我们刚到火车站火车就开了。(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句①until与till引导时间状语从句的区分连词位置用法until可以放在句首not...until可用于强调句型till不行放在句首一般不用于强调句型Ihadwaitedalongtimetill/untilhecameback.他回来时我已等了很长时间。ItwasnotuntilhetoldmeaboutitagainthatIhadanyideaofit.直到他又告知我一遍我才明白。②notuntil位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。Notuntilhecomeswillwestartourdiscussion.直到他来了我们才能起先探讨。③until/till用于确定句时主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词。Theywaitedtill/untilIreturned.他们始终等到我回来。(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)①其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after,whenever,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirst/lasttime,anytime,bythetime,theday/year等。Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮助我们。②bythetime引导的时间状语从句假如用一般现在时,主句则用将来完成时;从句假如用一般过去时,主句则用过去完成时。Bythetimeyoucomeback,wewillhavefinishedthejob.到你回来的时候,我们将已经完成了这项工作。Bythetimewegotthere,therainhadstopped.到我们到达那儿时,雨已经停了。2.条件状语从句(1)引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if,unless,as/solongas,incase(万一),once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),supposing/suppose(that)等。You'llbelateunlessyougetupearlier.除非你早点起床,否则你会迟到的。Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.只要你不灰心,你就会胜利。Supposingthattheyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁呢?Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturnitbeforetheweekend.他们同意把车借给我们,条件是我们必需在周末以前归还。(2)在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。Incasethereisafire,whatwillwedofirst?万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?3.让步状语从句(1)although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句①although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。Although/Thoughhemaybetroubled,healwayspresentsacalmsmilingface.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦,但他总是露出安静的微笑。Muchas/thoughIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.虽然我已经去过很多地方,但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。Tryashemay,heneversucceeds.尽管他很努力,但他从未胜利过。②although与though都可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。③though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。Ihavegotacold.Itisnothingmuch,though.我感冒了,不过不太严峻。④while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(2)evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句①evenif与eventhough表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。②evenif与eventhough引导让步状语从句时,可用虚拟语气,也可以用陈述语气。EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.即使我处于你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。(3)“nomatter+疑问词”与“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句①“nomatter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+-ever”,二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Don'ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.无论他说什么,不要信任他。②whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句,但“nomatter+疑问词”不行以。(4)whether...or(not)...引导的让步状语从句Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你信任与否,这是真的。4.缘由状语从句(1)because/as/since/nowthatTheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上,因为他想挨着妻子坐。Ican'tgowithyou,asIhavealotofworktodo.我不能和你一起去,因为我有很多工作要做。Nowthat/Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都在这儿,我们起先开会吧。(2)when(既然),seeingthat(鉴于,由于),consideringthat(考虑到),inthat(因为)等也可以引导缘由状语从句Thebookisdifferentfromthatbookinthatthisoneisaboutchemistryandthatoneabouthistory.这本书不同于那本书,因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldwalkthereinfiveminutes.既然步行五分钟就能到那里,你却乘出租车,真够愚蠢的。5.结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:sothat,so...that...,such...that...。在非正式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略,留意其结构:eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so+形容词/副词+that从句,so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句,so+many/much/few/little少+名词+that从句))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句,such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不行数名词+that从句,such+alotof/lotsof+名词+that从句))Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.=Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.迈克是一个如此诚恳的工人,以至于我们都信任他。Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.他挣这么少的钱,以至于他养不起家。[名师指津]为了强调形容词和副词,当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultquestions.他是一个如此聪慧的学生,以至于能够解出全部难题。(2)such...that...引导的状语从句与such...as...引导的定语从句的区分。首先视察两个句子:①Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(like后少宾语,as要在从句中充当成分,故该句为定语从句)他是一个人人都宠爱的聪慧孩子。②Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(从句中不缺成分,故该句为状语从句)他是一个如此聪慧的孩子,以至于人人都宠爱他。6.其他状语从句状语从句类型从属连词地点状语从句where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incase(以免,以防),forfearthat(生怕,以防)方式状语从句as,asif/though比较状语从句as...as,notas/so...as,thesame...as,比较级+thanWemustcampwherewecangetwater.我们必需在能找到水的地方露营。I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucanmakesenseofwhatIsaid.我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.那个老太太对待那个男孩就似乎他是她的亲生儿子一样。Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourschool.他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。[名师指津](1)sothat与inorderthat引导目的状语从句时,常与can,could,may,might连用,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后,但sothat引导的从句只能置于主句后。(2)what引导的比较状语从句的句式:AistoBwhatCistoD.A对B而言正如C对D一样。Airistouswhatwateristofish.空气之于我们就犹如水之于鱼一样(重要)。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024·北京卷改编)________wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.[解析]考查条件状语从句。依据句意:假如我们不阻挡气候改变,世界上很多动植物将不复存在。依据句意可知,此处用If引导条件状语从句。[答案]If2.(2024·天津卷改编)Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend________theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.[解析]考查状语从句。从句意的连贯上看,空前说等到周末再摘这些桃子,空后说“它们就变得够甜了,可以吃了”,这里应当用sothat“以便”引导目的状语从句。[答案]sothat3.(2024·浙江卷)Pahlssonscreamed________loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.[解析]考查so...that“如此……以致于……”。[答案]so4.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Overtime,________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.[解析]此处表示“随着人口的增长”,故填as/when。[答案]as/when5.(2024·四川卷)Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.________itcried,sherocketeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.[解析]此处表示“当他哭的时候……”或者也可理解为“假如他大哭……”,故填When/If。[答案]When/IfⅡ.单句改错1.(2024·江苏卷改编)Ifyoucansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.____________[解析]考查条件状语从句。依据句意:除非你睡眠好,否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中留意力,不能安排,也不能保持主动性。unless“除非”符合句意。故把If改为Unless。[答案]If→Unless2.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent,waitingtoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.____________[解析]考查连词。此处表示选择而非并列,故将and改为or。[答案]and→or3.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.____________[解析]考查连词。此处表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”,故将where改为when(引导时间状语从句)。[答案]where→when(二)语法写作——过应用关并列句和状语从句在书面表达中的增分点[增分技法]1.用好时间状语从句来写作。①当你申请工作时,你必需递交你的有关证书。Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.②他正沿着公路骑车,这时,一辆小汽车插进来,把他撞倒了。Hewasridingalongtheroadwhenacarcutinandknockedhimdown.2.利用缘由状语从句中的高级句式来写作。既然你不得不成天待在教室里,你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。Nowthatyouhavetostayintheclassroomallday,youmightaswellputyourheartintoyourstudies.3.用好方式状语从句。你可以依据上次我告知你的那样下载这个软件。YoucandownloadthesoftwareasItoldyoulasttime.4.正确利用目的状语从句来写作。我们的父母日夜工作,为的是我们能过上更好的生活。Ourparentsworkdayandnightinorderthatwecanenjoyabetterlife.5.利用条件状语从句中的高级句式来写作。只要你坚持按你制定的提高英语的安排来,你的英语就会越来越好。Aslongasyousticktotheplanyou'vemadetoimproveyourEnglish,yourEnglishwillgetbetterandbetter.6.正确利用让步状语从句来写作。尽管我们的政府已实行了一些措施,但是污染却越来越严峻。Althoughourgovernmenthastakensomemeasures,thepollutionisstillgettingworseandworse.[巧用增分]①随着时间消逝,我慢慢对自己失去了信念。(loseconfidencein,gradually,astimegoesby)I_lost_confidence_in_myself_gradually_as_time_went_by.②当我正在仔细做作业的时候,他把我的书推下了书桌。(sweep...off,while)He_swept_my_books_off_the_desk_while_I_was_doing_my_assignment_attentively.③今日下午我没空,因为我和牙医有约。(appointment)I'm_not_free/available_this_afternoon_because_I_have/have_made_an_appointment_with_my_dentist.④他英语说得特别流利,似乎他就是一个母语是英语的人一样。(fluently,asif,nativespeaker)He_speaks_English_very_fluently_as_if_he_were_a_native_speaker.⑤为了在期末考试中能拿到班级第一名,我每天早上五点钟就起床。(soasto,getthefirstplace)I_get_up_at_5_a.m._every_day_so_as_to_get_the_first_place_in_our_class_in_the_final_exam.[专题过关训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Butyoudon'tknowthat________IstartedseniorEnglishinthebeginning,Ifounditdifficultandquitedifferentfromwhatwehadlearnedinjuniorschool.[答案]when2.(2024·辽宁沈阳模拟)NowIhavemade________greatprogressinmyEnglishstudythatIammoreinterestedinlearningitthanbefore.[答案]such3.(2024·甘肃会宁一中模拟)Bravely________theplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.[答案]as/though4.(2024·重庆八中模拟)Whenhungerstrikes,wecanreachforahealthy,nutritiousmeal,________wecanchoosethejunkfoodofhighsugar.[答案]or5.So________youwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatesshouldhelp.[答案]if6.(2024·济宁模拟)Whatweareabouttodoisperfectlylegal.________pleasedon'tdiscussitwithanyone.[答案]ButⅡ.单句改错1.(2024·甘肃会宁一中模拟)WhenIwas10,oncemyparentswereawayonbusiness,butIhadtostayathomealoneforaday.____________[答案]but→and/so2.Thereisonlyalittlerainandtheweatherisneithertoohotortoocold.____________[答案]or→nor3.(2024·黑龙江肇东一中模拟)Becausetheanswerseemedalittlestrange,nobodybutIdoubtedit.____________[答案]Because→Although/Though4.(2024·广东惠州模拟)Wecantakeabusandrideabiketogetthere.____________[答案]and→or5.(2024·华南师大附中模拟)Youhavetoreadbecauseyouwanttobecomeagoodreader.____________[答案]because→if6.(2024·广东中山模拟)Theysaidthiswassoabeautifuldaythattheywouldrememberitforever.____________[答案]so→such7.(2024·辽宁沈阳模拟)Heworriedlyaskedmetoliedown,drinksomewaterorhaveagoodrest.____________[答案]or→and8.(2024·福建泉州模拟)It'sgoodtoarriveearlysoyoucangetsettledafterclassesstart.____________[答案]after→beforeⅢ.写作训练1.运用语法写靓句①他回家的那一天发觉家乡已发生了天翻地覆的改变。(return,takeplace)______________________________________________________________②我一听到这个消息,就急不行待地想告知我父母。(can'twaitto,themoment)______________________________________________________________③为了这些花草能再开花,这些石头必需搬走。(bloom,remove)______________________________________________________________④假如没什么反对看法的话,那今日的会就开到这里。(provide,bringsth.toanend)______________________________________________________________⑤当你读书的时候,你最好在你不理解的地方做个标记。(makeamark)______________________________________________________________⑥他看起来似乎前一天夜里没有睡觉一样。(look,sleepawink)______________________________________________________________[答案]①Thedayhereturnedhome,hefoundgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometown.②Icouldn'twaittotellmyparentsthemomentIheardthenews.③Inorderthatthegrassandflowerscouldbloomagain,itwasnecessarythattherocksshouldberemoved.④Providing(that)thereisnoopposition,weshallbringthemeetingtoanend.⑤Whenyouarereading,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyoudon'tunderstand.⑥Helookedasifhehadn'tsleptawinkthenightbefore.2.语法填空(2024·山西太原一模)Amouse,becauseofa(n)①____________(luck)chance,madeclosefriendswithanevilfrog.Oneday,②____________frogplayedatrickonthemouseby③____________(tie)afootofthemousetohisown.Atfirst,bothofthemjoinedtogetherandthefrog④____________(lead)hisfriendtowardthepoolinwhichhelived,anddidn'tstop⑤____________hereachedthesideofthewater.Thenthefrogsuddenlyjumpedintothewaterandthemousewaspulledinwith⑥____________(he).Thefrogenjoyedthewaterandswaminitaround,happilycrying⑦____________ifhehaddoneagreatdeed.Theunhappymousediedsooninthewater,andhisdeadbodyfloatedaroundonthesurface,⑧____________(fasten)tothefootofthefrog.Ahawksawthedeadmouse,suddenlyflewdowntowardsit,caughtitandflewaway.Thefrog,stilltiedtothefootofthemouse,wasalsocarriedofasa⑨____________(prison),andhe⑩____________(eat)bythehawk.[答案]①unlucky②the③tying④led⑤until⑥him⑦as⑧fastened⑨prisoner⑩waseaten3.短文改错(2024·山西康杰中学模拟)Nowadaysmanypeopledriveinsteadoftakingabusorwalkingtowork.Itcausesmoretrafficaccidents.Ast

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