2025年高考英语总复习专项练习42 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作

练习42语法填空+阅读理解+应用文写作

I.语法填空

2024.陕西西安调研说明文195词★★★★☆

Aspecialeventtitled“TeaforHarmony-YajiCulturalSalonofJiangsu“washeldlastweekbytheChina

CulturalCenterinParis,withthe1.(intend)ofgivingteaagreaterroleinenhancingfriendly

dialogue.Thecarefully2.(select)representativeintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)

fromEastChina*sJiangsuProvincepresenteditsrichteaculture3.(thorough).

Yaji,whichtranslatesas"anelegantgathering”,remindspeopleof4.ancienttypeofsocial

eventinChina5.scholarsandtheliterati(文人)gatheredtoinvolveinavarietyofrefinedcultural

activitiessuchasteatasting,guqinplaying,andpoetrycompositionandrecitals.ThePariseventfeaturingactivities

includingteatasting,demonstrationsoftea-makingtechniquesandteaartandmusicalperformances6.

(speak)highlyofbyaudiences.Throughtheactivities,itprovidedan7.(extend)descriptionoflocal

lifestylesassociatedwithtea.

8.caughtpeople'seyewasauniqueexhibitionpresentedinapanoramic(全景)way9.

(use)virtual3Dmodelingtechnology.Withfancysilk,jewelry,musicalinstruments,costumesforPekingOpera

andKunquOpera,aswellastoolsforspecialoccasions10.exhibit,thevirtualshowrecreated

traditionallifestylesandhomeenvironmentsfromJiangsu.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下•苏韵雅集”的活动，

通过展览和表演等形式，全面介绍了江苏茶文化。

1.答案与解析：intention上周，巴黎中国文化中心举办了一场名为“茶和天下•苏韵雅集”的特别活

动，意在让茶在加强友好对话中发挥更大的作用。根据空前的withthe和空后的of可知，空处应用名词。

intention”打算，计划，意图，目的”。

2.答案与解析：selected精心挑选的来自中国东部江苏省的代表性非物质文化遗产全面展示了其丰富

的茶文化。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语，select“挑选”与其逻辑主语之间是动宾

关系，应用过去分词形式。

3.答案与解析：thoroughly空处修饰动词presented,应用所给词的副词形式。thoroughly”完全地，

全面地”。

4.答案与解析：an雅集，译为“高雅的聚会”，让人们想起中国一种古老的社交活动，学者和文人

聚集在一起，参与各种高雅的文化活动，如品茶、古琴演奏、诗歌创作和朗诵。此处表泛指，又ancient的

发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。

5.答案与解析：where分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的socialevent,

空处在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。

6.答案与解析：wasspoken句中没有谓语动词，故空处作谓语。句子主语为TheParisevent,表示单

数，与speak之间是被动关系，又文中描述该活动时用到的时态是一般过去时，故填wasspokenospeakhighly

of“高度赞扬，对……大加称赞”。

7.答案与解析：extensive根据空前的an和空后的description可知，空处应用形容词作定语。

8.答案与解析：What吸引人们眼球的是使用虚拟3D建模技术以全景方式呈现的独特展览。分析句

子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物"，故填What。

9.答案与解析：using空处应用非谓语动词作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语auniqueexhibition之间是

主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。

10.答案与解析：on此处为“with+sth.+介词短语”结构。onexhibit"在展示中”为固定搭配。

II.阅读理解

A

2024•石家庄市质检说明文286词★★★☆☆

TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedto60womenbetween1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemade

outstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine,science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.

DorothyCrowfootHodgkin

Award:NobelPrizeinChemistry

Year:1964

DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceiveda

chemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals（晶体）.ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddeveloped

proteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX-rays.ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize.

GertrudeB.Elion

Award:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine

Year:1988

GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhad

watchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion,togetherwith

GeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyon

biochemistry.

ToniMorrison

Award:NobelPrizeinLiterature

Year:1993

ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved“earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,

wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,Morrisonwasawriter

whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.Shetaughtwritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessor

atPrincetonUniversity.

EstherDuflo

Award:NobelPrizeinEconomics

Year:2019

EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee,whoisher

husband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedher

doctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofighting

povertyaroundtheworld.

1.WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?

A.Herbookaboutcrystals.

B.HercontributiontoX-raydevelopment.

C.Herresearchonmedicine.

D.Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.

答案与解析:B理解具体信息。根据DorothyCrowfootHodgkin部分的"ShestudiedatOxfordUniversity

anddevelopedproteincrystallography...ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize”可知，DorothyCrowfootHodgkin对X

射线的发展的贡献为她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。

2.WhatdoToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyfocuson?

A.Educationalissues.

B.Communityservice.

C.Writingtechniques.

D.BlackAmerican'slife.

答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据ToniMorrison部分的"whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeinthe

Blackcommunity,,_P［知，ToniMorrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由此可知，ToniMorrison的书主

要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。

3.WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?

A.TheywontheNobelPrizeinthesameyear.

B.Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.

C.TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.

D.Theirlifeexperiencescommittedthemtotheirfields.

答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据GertrudeB.Elion部分的"soshedecidedtofightthedisease...with

whomshesharedtheaward”和EstherDuflo部分的“EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleagues

MichaelKremerandAbhijitBaneijee,whoisherhusband”可知,GertrudeB.Elion和EstherDuflo的相似之

处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。

B

2023•新课标I卷说明文320词★★☆☆☆

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascome

tobeknownasthe"wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsome

cases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon*tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohavea

discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Somehow,

theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.

AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplications

forgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某

些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。

4.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.

B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.

D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据第二段内容uThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake

errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.

Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurate

estimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.In

moretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatever

reasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（这种效应利用

了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这

些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人

倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是

独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人

们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立

评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的

基本逻辑。故选B。

5.Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall

B.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicate

D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段的^Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.（用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的）”和第三段的

“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedto

haveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffive

wassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（这项研究的关键发现

是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更

准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，

人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况

下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。

6.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.

B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.

D.Theindividualestimates.

答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendto

gowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在

一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否

倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢）”可知，在后续

研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的

重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。

7.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardNavajas*studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据最后一段