Unit3SeaExplorationDiscoverUsefulStructures不定式课件高中英语人教版选择性

非谓语之动词不定式

todoIplantoswimIdecidetocleanmyroomtomorrow.Iwishtohavedinnerwithher.表示计划，期望，将来以及目的

todo不定式非谓语动词过去分词(done)

动词不定式todo现在分词/动名词(doing)

①To

complete

the

great

map

of

the

world

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.②MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers

to

search

for

sea

routesfromwesttoeast.③Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmetto

negotiate

trade

deals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.④Thesefleetswereasight

to

beholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.⑤To

reach

out

across

the

sea

remainsastrongdesiretoday.主语宾补目的状语定语主语分析下面句子中的动词不定式在句子中充当的成分（主宾表定状宾补）三维P57⑥Theaimofthisinitiativeisto

encourage

cooperation

and

trade

across

the

historic

Silk

Road

areas，

and

strengthen

the

bonds

between

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world.⑦Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears，andwillcontinue

to

do

soinyearstocome.⑧Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelp

to

greatly

develop

the

whole

areaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.⑨Hundredsofyearson，andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand，

theneed

to

tradeandthedesire

to

enhance

relationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.表语宾语宾语定语

以上句子中的蓝体部分都用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句①和句⑤中作

主语⁠，在句⑦和句⑧中作

宾语⁠，在句②中作

宾语补足语⁠，在句⑥中作

表语⁠，在句④和句⑨中作

定语⁠，在句③中作

目的状语。主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语目的状语1主语(subject)2宾语(object)3表语(predicative)4定语(attribute)5状语(adverbial)6宾补(objectcomplement)todofunctions动词不定式主动被动一般式todotobedone表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeen

done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前进行式tobedoing/表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行📕一、不定式的形式📕二、不定式句法功能1)三情况：直接做主语

Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.当主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语：Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

带wh-（特殊疑问词）+todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)Whenandwheretostarttheprograms________(remain)unknown.remains1.不定式作主语

(subject)2).常考句型It’stimetodosth.Ittakesb.sometimetodosth.

It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

★for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点（important/necessary/interesting等.）★of:adj.多为描述主语的品质（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）Practice:1.Itisimportant______ustolivealow-carbonlife.2.Itwasgenerous______himtocontributesomuch.forof(1).动名词（-ing分词）：表示一般的、抽象的、笼统的概念，或者一个已经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身不定式（todo）：表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。Flyingisimpossibleinthisarea.飞行在这个地区是不可能的。（泛指概念）ItisimpossibletoflyovertheHimalayas.飞越喜马拉雅山是不可能的。（特指本次飞行）名师点津：作

主语时，不定式与动名词的区别(2)在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。Itisnousedoing…Itisnogooddoing…Itisuselessdoing…Itisworthwhiledoing…⁠

⁠单句语法填空①

Tosee

⁠

（see）istobelieve.

②Itisgenerousofhim

tocontribute

⁠

（contribute）somuch.

③Itisimportantforus

tolive

（live）alow-carbonlife.

④Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwasforthepeoplethen

toput

⁠（put）allthoserocksintoplace.

Tosee

tocontribute

tolive

toput

(1).位于系动词之后2.不定式作表语

(predicative)状态“是”be持续“继续或保持”keep,remain,stay,lie表像“看起来像”seem,appear,look感官look,feel,smell,sound,taste变化“变成......”become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run终止prove“证明是，结果是”(2).句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to。TheleastIcandois(to)

writetoyou.我至少能做到的是给你写信。前有do后省to(3)主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion

等为中心词的名词词组,表语用不定式说明其内容MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.(4).带wh-疑问词+todo也可做表语Ourdifficultyiswhere_____________(find)aguide.toclimbtostarttofind2.不定式作表语(predicative)动名词（-ing分词）：表示一般的、抽象的、笼统的概念，或者一个已经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身不定式（todo）：表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。Herjobistakingcareofchildren.她的工作是照料小孩。（泛指概念）Herjobistotakecareof

thechildren.她的工作是照料这些小孩。（特指本次的工作）名师点津：作

表语

时，不定式与动名词的区别一般说来，作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致，即：或同时为不定式，或同时为-ing分词。如：眼见为实:Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.⁠

⁠单句语法填空①Whattheplandoes

is

（to）ensure

⁠

（ensure）afairpension退休金forall.

②Toknoweverythingis

toknow

⁠

（know）nothing.

③Therearetwotragedies悲剧inlife.Oneisnottogetyourheart’sdesire.Theotheris

toget

⁠

（get）it.

（to）ensure

toknow

toget

非谓语不定式的否定nottodo前有do后省to1）

动词+tododecide/determine,learn,manage,tryrefuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,planhope/wish/expect,offer,waithappen,threaten,fail,afford2）有时和（特殊疑问词）wh-词+todo构成宾语.①下一步干什么你决定了吗Haveyoudecided____________next②我不知道怎么做它。Ididn’tknow______________it.what

todo

how

todo

决定学好，（就）设法努力拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意；想要帮忙，（就）选好计划希望关心；（就）主动等待碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱3.不定式作宾语

(object)3)动词+it+宾补+todo此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的todo不定式常用动词：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestion.例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担Ifinditaburdentofinishthemeal/eatthewholefood.⚠当宾补是nouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile时，

todo应改为doingItisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhiledoing…lookforwardto...期待，盼望……objectto...反对……bedevotedto...致力于……beopposedto...反对……adapt/adjustto...适应……leadto...导致……whenitcomesto...名师点津：动词短语中含有介词to，宾语要用动名词（ving）⁠

⁠完成句子①Haveyoudecided

whattodo

⁠next？

下一步做什么你决定了吗？②Ireallylike

towatchfootballmatches

⁠.

我非常喜欢看足球比赛。③HowIwish

toseemyoldfriends

⁠again！

我多么想再见到我的老朋友啊！whattodo

towatchfootballmatches

toseemyoldfriends

Theeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto___________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto______________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeit

arule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse__________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizing1)不定式作后置定语时，常表示将来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加“要”字。2)不定式修饰的词：抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、courage、decision、effort、failure、promise、way、wish等序数词、形容词最高级或theonly/thelast/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词Heisalways

thefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.Butshegaveupthechance_________(go)abroad.I’vegotmywifeandson_________(look)

after.Canyouthinkupagoodway_________(deal)withtheeverincreasingprices？toleave4.不定式作定语

(attribute)togotolooktodeal不及物动词要加介词1.Asisknowntous,YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut_______

(send)intospace破解：序数词修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语，且send与逻辑主语astronaut是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填tobesent2.Whatisthebestwayforyou________(solve)thisproblem破解：thewayforsb.todosth.“某人做某事的方法”，不定式复合结构作后置定语。故填tosolve3.Theairport_______(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.破解:根据时间状语nextyear可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与theairport之间为被动关系。故填tobecompleted⁠

⁠单句语法填空①In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman

towin

⁠

（win）theNobelPeacePrize.

②Thebestway

tostrengthen

⁠

（strengthen）

willpower意志力，毅力

istomakeitintoahabit.

③WemustmaketheEarthabetterplace

tolive

⁠

（live）in.

towin

tostrengthen

tolive

做目的状语，常用的结构

todo;inordertodo;soasto以便于①Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.②Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.5.不定式作状语(adverbial)(2)做原因状语：一般用在be+adj.(表情感）后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.Weweresurprisedtofindthathehadalreadyleft.Shewasdisappointed

tolearnthenews.目的，结果，

原因，条件，方式等高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别1.

Theoldmanreturnedhomeonlytofind

thathisdaughterhadgotmarried.2.Hediedfromasuddentrafficaccident，leaving

hisfamilyevenworseoff恶化，每况愈下.

出乎意料顺其自然(3)

做结果状语：①so/such......todoWearenotsostupidtobuyhiswords.②enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain③too......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.④onlytodo结果却...(高频考点)Wehurriedtothetrainstationonly___________thetrainhadleft.（tell）tobetold1)动词+宾语+todosth.Mymumasksme_________________twohoursonadailybasis.

toplaythepiano常用的这类动词有：ask;allow;advise;want;tell;order;teach;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade6.不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式感官动词使役动词一感：feel二听：hear,listento五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observelet,make,have◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseen_______suddenlyfromthetree.+sbdosth（不带to）tofall感官动词的非谓语：不带to的不定式(全过程)现在分词(正在发生)过去分词（表被动）6.不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)3)动词+宾语+adj.+todosthTheybelievehim（tobe）innocent.常用的这类动词表示心理状态：believe、find、consider、prove、suppose、think、declare等作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是“tobe＋形容词”，这时，这些动词后的tobe通常可省略。6.不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)⁠

⁠完成句子①Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhim

toplaycomputergames

⁠.

他爸爸不允许他玩电脑游戏。②Thethiefwasseen

togeton

⁠thebus.

有人看见小偷上了公共汽车。③Thepolicemanobservedtheman

openthewindow

⁠.

警察看见这个人打开了窗户。toplaycomputergames

togeton

openthewindow

名师点津：不定式主动表被动不定式：能在句中找到动作的发出者

beadj+todo作定语：Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.疑问代词+todo作名词性从句:Idon’tknowwhattodonext.with+n.+todo(with复合结构)therebe+名词+todo[主动表主观看法，被动表客观情况Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)Thereisnothingtosee.(Nothingthereisworthseeing.)Thereisnothingtobeseen.(Thereisnothing.)固搭：betoblame[该对某事负责]betolet[待出租]📕三、不定式的形式动词不定式主动被动一般式todotobedone表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeen

done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前进行式tobedoing/表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行

Inoticedhimgo

out.（notice与goout同时发生）Iplanto

attend

the

party

tobeheld

tomorrow.（attend的动作在plan后发生）Theyarereported

to

be

working

hard.（bereported与work同时发生）Iamverygladto

be

workingwithyou.（beglad与work同时发生）I’mverysorry

to

have

keptyouwaitingforalongtime.（keep发生在besorry前）Heisbelieved

to

have

come.（come发生在believe前）感官动词省略tobereportedtodoplantodobeadj.todobebelievedtodo有时被理解并不是一件容易的事。Theboyaskedto

be

givenanopportunitytotryagain.那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。Noharmseemsto

have

been

done.似乎并没有什么危害发生。（harm是do的承受者，且发生在seem前）Sometimesto

be

understoodisnotaneasyjob.不定式作主语，表被动tobedoneasktodo要求做某事固搭：doharmto非谓语在谓语之前用完成不定式tohavedone表被动tohavebeendone名师点津（1）表示看法与想法的动词：seem/appeartodo“似乎，好像做某事”常用tohavedone表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。Heseemstohaveboughtthenewbook.他好像已经买了那本新书。＝Itseemsthathehasboughtthenewbook.（2）表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划：want、intended（=meant）、expected、hoped、promised等表示希望、期待、意图、欲求等的动词过去式+tohavedone，was(were)十tohavedone”，也是表示未实现的过去的决定Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.(我原想来看你，但因事未果。)Iexpectedtohavemethimherelastnight.(昨夜我以为在此可以见到他的。)Wemeanttohavestayedthereaweek.(我们原打算在那里呆一个礼拜的。)Iwantedtohaveseenyoueversomuch.(我真想能见到你。)Ithoughttohavewrittenalinetoher,butforgottodoso.(我原想写封信给她的，不料忘记了)。Weweretohavemetatsixo'clock.(我们原定六点见面的。)表示希望、期待、意图、欲求等的动词过去式+tohavedone，was(were)十tohavedone”，表示未实现的过去的决定名师点津want、need、require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动词-ing形式的主动形式。Thehousewantsrepairing/to

be

repaired.这座房子需要修理了。Theseflowersneedwatering/to

be

wateredonceaday.这些花需要每天浇一次水。⁠

⁠单句语法填空/完成句子①Heisn’tfeelingwell.Heappears

tohavecaught

⁠

（catch）acold.②Hehadintended

toreturn

⁠

（return）afterreceivingthefirstletterfromTess.③ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle

tobeheard

⁠

（hear）.④Whenherparentscamebacklastnight，she

happenedtobedoingherhomework

⁠.

昨天晚上当她父母回来时，她碰巧正在做作业。

tohavecaught

toreturn

tobeheard

happenedtobedoingherhomeworkappear/seemtodo=intendedtohavereturnedstruggletodohappentodotodofunctionsforms1主语(subject)2宾语(object)3表语(predicative)4定语(attribute)5状语(adverbial)6宾补(objectcomplement)1一般式2进行式3完成式4.一些特殊情况

维度一：基础题型练1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohikingandaccommodationsaim

tohave

⁠

（have）alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

2.Chineseresearchershopetousetheinstruments仪器onboardChang’e-4

tofind

⁠

（find）andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin盆地.

3.ThemedianageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected

toincrease

⁠

（increase）to42by2050.

tohave

tofind

toincrease

P1504.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology

tochange

⁠

（change）lives.

5.BeijingisthecapitalofChinaandalsothecenterfor

politics

⁠

（political）andculture.6.Withhis

professional

⁠

（profession）

skillsandperseverance毅力，heovercameallthedifficultiesandfinallywonthecompetition.7.Mychin下巴trembled颤抖witha

mixture

⁠

（mix）ofheartbreakandanger.8.Tenminuteslaterthewholeclassstoodup，

applauding

⁠

（applaud）Jenny’swonderfulspeech.tochange

politics

professional

mixture

applauding

维度二：语法与写作1.上初三时，我的目标是成为全班最好的学生。（动词不定式作表语）

WhenIwasajuniorthreestudent，myaimwastobethebeststudentinmyclass.

⁠

2.为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬夜学习到半夜。（动词不定式作目的状语和宾语）

Toachievethisgoal，Idecidedtostayuptostudyuntilmidnightlikemydeskmate.

⁠

WhenIwasajuniorthreestudent，myaimwastobethebeststudentinmyclass.

⁠

Toachievethisgoal，Idecidedtostayuptostudyuntilmidnightlikemydeskmate.

⁠

3.我努力第一个到，最后一个走，却发现我上课总是发困。（动词不定式作定语和结果状语）

Itriedtobethefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave，onlytofindmyselfalwayssleepyinclass.

⁠

4.我的老师说保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（动词不定式作宾语）

Myteachersaiditwasveryimportanttohaveenoughsleep.

⁠

5.他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。（动词不定式作宾语补足语）

Headvisedmetomakeaplanthat/whichissuitableform