2025届高三英语一轮复习：时文阅读与练习25

时文阅读与练习25

Whyexplorespace?(Excerpt)

1970年，赞比亚修女玛丽・尤肯达写信给时任美国国家航空航天局马

歇尔太空飞行中心科学副总监的恩斯特・施图林格博士，问他何以提议

花费数十亿美元用于太空探索，而不顾世界上还有许多儿童在忍受饥

饿的事实。在下文的回信中，施图林格用事实和道理阐述了太空探索

的重要意义。

DearMaryJucunda,

11believethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramIcanmake

contributionstothereliefandeventualsolutiontosuchseriousproblems

aspovertyandhungeronEarth.Basictothehungerproblemaretwo

functions：theproductionoffoodandthedistributionoffood.Food

productionbyagriculture,oceanfishingandotherlarge-scaleoperations

isefficientinsomepartsoftheworld,butratherdisappointinginmany

others.

2Thebesttoolfortheimprovementofallthesefunctions,

undoubtedly,istheartificialEarthsatellite.Circlingtheglobeatahigh

altitude,itcanscreenwideareasoflandwithinashorttime;itcan

observeandmeasurealargevarietyoffactorsindicatingthestatusand

conditionofcrops,soil,droughts,rainfall,snowcover,etc.,and

itcanradiothisinformationtogroundstationsforappropriateuse.

3Thedistributionofthefoodtotheneedyisacompletelydifferent

problem.Efficientrelieffromhunger,Iamafraid,willnotcomebefore

theboundariesbetweennationshavebecomelessdivisive(分裂的)than

theyaretoday.Idonotbelievethatspaceflightwillaccomplishthis

miracleovernight.However,thespaceprogramiscertainlyamongthe

mostpromisingandpowerfulagentsworkinginthisdirection,justtaking

therecentnear-tragedyofApollo13asanexample.

4Higherfoodproductionthroughsurveysandassessmentsfromorbit

（轨道），andbetterfooddistributionthroughimprovedinternational

relations,areonlytwoexamplesofhowdeeplythespaceprogramwill

impactlifeonEarth.

5AlthoughourspaceprogramseemstoleadusawayfromourEarth

andouttowardthemoon,thesun,theplanets,andthestars,I

believethatnoneofthesecelestial（天上的）objectswillfindasmuch

attentionandstudybyspacescientistsasourEarth.Itwillbecomea

betterEarth,notonlybecauseofallthenewtechnologicalandscientific

knowledgewhichwewillapplytothebettermentoflife,butalso

becausewearedevelopingafardeeperappreciationofourEarth,oflife,

andofman.

Sincerelyyours,

Dir.ErnstStuhlinger

ReadingCheck

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext

1.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Tomakesomecontributionstospaceprograms.

B.TohelptoovercomeseriousproblemsonEarth.

C.ToshowtheartificialEarthsatellitesfunctions.

D.Toexplainthereasonsforspaceexploration.

2.WhichitemmaybebeyondtheartificialEarthsatellitesfunctions?

A.Circlingtheglobeatahighaltitude.

B.Screeningwideareasoflandquickly.

C.Indicatingthestatusofcropsandsoil.

D.Improvingtheoceanfishingefficiency.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionApollo13inparagraph3?

A.Tointroducethenear-tragedyofApollo13.

B.Toexplaintheboundariesbetweennations.

C.Toshowtheimpactsofspaceprograms.

D.Toillustratetheproblemoffooddistribution.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofspaceprograms?

A.Hopeful.B.Challenging.C.Frustrating.D.Worrying.

ItwillbecomeabetterEarth,notonlybecauseofallthenew

technologicalandscientificknowledgewhichwewillapplytothe

bettermentoflife,butalsobecausewearedevelopingafardeeper

appreciationofourEarth,oflife,andofman.它,各成为——个更美好的

地球，不仅因为我们将应用于改善生活的所有新的技术和科学知识，

而且因为我们正在发展对我们的地球、生命和人类更深刻的认识。

【点石成金】本句中notonly...butalso...意前，不但......而且......”,用

于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者。becauseof后接名词

或相当于名词的词，because后接句子。

DirSylviaEarle:Aheroinefortheplanet

懈在：•厄尔

作为一位探险家，她无畏艰险，勤于追寻，无数次潜入深海，追寻

海洋的奥秘;作为一名环保主义者，她身体力行，用事实的陈述和诚恳

的语言呼唤世人保护海洋、保护地球。

1Bornin1935inNewJersey,Dir.SylviaEarlehadanearlyinterestin

nature.Atanearlyage,EarleandherfamilyshiftedtoClearwater,

Florida.ThisallowedEarletowitnesstheGulfanditscoastswildlife.These

firsthandexperiencesallowedDir.Earletodevelopaunique

understandingandappreciationforallkindsofnatures.

2TheeducationaljourneyofDir.SylviaEarlewentsmoothly.Shegota

scholarshipfortheFloridaStateUniversityandsupportedherselfby

workingatcollegelaboratories.ShelatermovedtoDukeUniversityforher

master/sdegreeandreceivedherPhDfromthesameinstitution.

3Likemanywomenintheworkfield,Earlehadtocarryouttwowork

shiftseveryday：oneatherhomeandtheotheratheroffice.In1964,

shehadtoleavebehindherchildrenforasix-weekexpedition（远征）in

theIndianOcean.Then,in1968,shehadtotravelahundredfeetbelow

thewatersoftheBahamasinthesubmersible（潜水器）DeepDiver

whileshewasfourmonthspregnant!TheseshockingeffortsofEarlefor

thefieldofoceanography（海洋学）distinguishherfromotherscientists.

In1979,shebecamethefirstwomantowalktheoceanfloor381meters

belowthesurface.Wearingaspecializeddivingsuit,shewasabletowalk

freelywithoutadivetether（系链;拴绳）andasafebelt.In1982,she

foundedDeepOceanEngineering,acompanytobuildaninnovative

submersiblecraftthatcouldhelpexploreoceanlifeatgreaterdepththan

anormalSCUBAgear.Shealsoservedasachiefscientistandapioneerfor

beingwomanfortheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.In

1990,shebecamethefirstfemalechiefscientistoftheUSNational

OceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.

4Aftergainingmuchrecognitionfromtheexpedition,Earlemovedon

towriteforNationalGeographic.UndertheNationalGeographicSociety,

sheledthefive-yearprogramofSustainableSeasExpeditionsfrom

1998-2002.Sheevenbecameaspeakertospreadawarenessabout

environmentaldegradationandotherissuessurroundingmarinelife.

5AlltheworkofEarleprovedtobequitebeneficialtotheworld.Sylvia

Earleis86yearsoldtoday,andherdreamistoachieve30percentofthe

oceanprotectionby2030andtohelptheoceanbodiesremainfirm.

[Reading][Check]

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext

1.Whatdoparagraph1andparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Individualinterest.

B.Familyinformation.

C.Personalbackground.

D.Educationalexperience.

2.Inwhatorderisparagraph3organized?

A.Time.B.Place.

C.Characters.D.Importance.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutEarleaccordingtothetext?

A.In1964,Earlehadasix-weekexpeditioninthePacificOcean.

B.In1968,Earlehadtotravelahundredfeetbelowthewaters.

C.In1979,Earlecouldwalkfreelywithoutanyspecialdivingsuit.

D.In1990,EarlebecametheleaderofDeepOceanEngineering.

4.Thetextfallsintothecategoryof.

A.newsreport,technologyandscience

B.lifestyle,celebrities

C.biography,environmentalscience

D.news,environmentalscience

5waystoreduceyourcarbonfootprintfromhome

减少家庵版迹批种方法

这5种方法可帮助你在日常生活中积极地减少碳足迹，实现可持续

发展。

1Theeasiestwaytobesustainableonaday-todaybasisisbytaking

activestrides（大步;步幅）towardsreducingyourcarbonfootprint.Here

arefiveeasymethodsyoucanconsider.

■StickingtothefiveRs

2Toreduceyourcarbonfootprintfromhome,youshouldlearnto

Reduce,Reuse,Recycle,RotandRefuse.Therearemanythingsyou

cando.Forexample,youcansetupalivecompost（堆月巴）bininyour

hometochangebiodegradablewasteintomanureorenergy.Itisan

excellenttechniquetoreducecarbonfootprint.Similarly,recyclingplastic

orglassobjectsorrepurposingtheminyourhomeisalsoeffective.

•Refusingsingle-useplastic

3Around17percentoftheglobalcarbonbudgetby2050willbe

consumedbyplastic,withoutanyintervention,asperastudy.Thisrise

intheuseofplasticcanbelargelyattributedtotherolesingle-useplastic

playsintheday-todayconsumption.Aneasywaytoreduceyourcarbon

emissionsisbysimplyswitchingfromusingsingle-useplasticitems,

especiallywaterbottlesandstraws,tothosemadeofreusablematerials

likemetalandwood.

•Switchingtomoresustainablemodesoffashion

4AstudyfromtheUnitedNationshasrevealedthat“fastfashion”has

contributedtonearly10percentoftheglobalgreenhousegasemissions.

Bymerelyshoppingless,optingtobuysecondhandclothesorpurchasing

fromcertifiedecofriendlylabelsyoucanreduceyourcarbonfootprint.

■Conservingwater

5Anothersimplewayissimplybyturningoffthetapwhenever

possible.Thisincludesshuttingoffthetapwhendoingroutinejobslike

brushingyourteethorshaving.Byactivelyimplementingthis,youwillbe

abletoconservewaterwithoutleavingbehindalargecarbonfootprint.

■Buyinglocalproduce

6Sustainabilityincludesusingresourcesthatarereadilyavailableto

youinyourenvironment.Onemethodinwhichyoucandrasticallyreduce

yourcarbonfootprintisbysourcingmostoftheingredientsusedinyour

kitchenlocally.Alargechunkofthegreenhousegasemissionsareinvolved

intheproductionoffoodthatcomesintransport.Bychoosingresources

locally,youwillbeabletoreduceyourcarbonfootprintefficiently.

[Reading][Check]

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothet