2024年高考英语二轮复习：说明文（阅读理解）（解析版）

专题03说明文通关练

说明文解题策略

名校优选专项通关练

【解题策略】

说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。该文体通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做

出说明或对抽象事物进行阐述，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的

概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关知识，增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英

语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。

文体特点与阅读策略

从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开,科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新

产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型

文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说

明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法

从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。

从语言特.点看:说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主

要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难

度更大。

丛结构特点看:客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：

总分或一总——分式和分一一总式结构，以及完整的“总一一分一一总”结构。

递进式工事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层

地剖析事理。

幽或~文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。

对照式j通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。

从命题形式看:常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题等题型。

阅读策略

1.明确说明对象:阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么;阅读事理说明文，首先

弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。

把握文章结构：说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨

和阅读重点。作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法:描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、

问题与对策法。

2.阅读做标记:在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句。

逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。

3.审清题干:把握试题中有效的信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。

4.定位阅读:大部分的说明文答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用

和自我加工相结合。

5.关注句间衔接:句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条

件等。

表示列举的词:forexample,forinstance;表罗列的词:first,second,third,tobeginwith,toconclude;

表我近的迥;however,but,whereas;

because,since,as;

表示结果的so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult;

表词:。11thecontrary,bycontrast,incomparison;

正东11的的词:sothat,inorderthat等。

标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命

题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。

【名校优选专项通关练】

1.（2024上•河北沧州•高三泊头一中联考）

Thinkofyourmostprizedpossession.Now,imagineyoudecideyoumustsellthisitem.Howmuchisit

worthtoyou?Howmuchwouldyouchargeforit?Andwouldanyoneelsewanttobuyitatthatprice?

Lefsconsiderthereal-worldexampleofayardsale.Beforeyourneighborscometolookatyourthings,you

mustfirstdecideonthepricesforthem.Foryou,eachitemhasastory,andsomeitemsmayevenevokestrong

emotions.

Lefssayyou'resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyoutookcareofandreallyenjoyedwearing

onspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof$130ontheshoes.However,a

customeroffers$50forthem.Youthink,“Howcouldtheynotseehowspecialandvaluabletheseare?”

Infinancialtransactionslikethis,sellersoftenbelievetheirownitemsareworthmorethanwhatbuyersare

willingtopay.Thisoccursbecausebuyersdonothavetheseller'sexperienceswithandemotionalattachmentto

theitems.Buyerswantagooddeal,andthey'renotwillingtopaywhatthesellerisaskingfor.

Thisnegotiationprocesscanevenfeelalittlepainfulfortheseller-overlosingsomethingandthebuyernot

valuingitasmuch.Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect（禀赋效应）一people's

tendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotownthem.Theendowmenteffect

cantakeholdanytimewefeelasenseofownershipoveraproduct,anditcanhappenquickly.

Asthesayinggoes,“Emotionsgelthebestofus."Thereisnothingwrongwithbeingproudofowningthings

andtreasuringyourexperienceswiththem.Butwhenyouconsidersellingaprizedpossession,thinkabout

whetheryou'refullyreadytopartwithil.Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmentto

materialpossessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Advocate.B.Cause.C.Identify.D.Control.

2.Whatmakesyouputapricetagof$130onyourshoesaccordingtoparagraphs?

A.Yourfondnessfortheshoes.B.Yourignoranceofthemarket.

C.Thehighqualityoftheshoes.D.Thespecialfunctionoftheshoes.

3.Whichcanbestillustratetheresultofendowmenteffect?

A.Onelikescollectingoldthings.

B.Onetendstobuyexpensivegoods.

C.Oneoffersalowerpricewhenshopping.

D.Onechargesahigher-than-usualpriceforsomething.

4.Whafsthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Tointroduceatheory.

C.Toanalyzeaphenomenon.D.Toprovidesomeevidence.

【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“禀赋效应”的现象，并建议消除对物质财富的情感依恋，更准

确地评估物品的价值。

1.词句猜测题。根据上文“Foryou,eachitemhasastory（对你来说，每件物品都有一个故事）”和下文的

emotions可知，此处是指一些物品可能会“唤起”一些情感，所以推知划线词是“引起、唤起”的意思。故选

B项。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Let'ssayyou'resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyoutookcare

ofandreallyenjoyedwearingonspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof

$130ontheshoes.（假设你正在销售一双特别版的运动鞋，你很喜欢在特殊场合穿它。带着这些甜蜜的回忆，

你给这双鞋标上了130美元的价格。）”可知，你对这双鞋的喜爱让你给这双鞋贴上了130美元的价格标签。

故选A项。

3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect

（禀赋效应）一people'stendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotown

them.（经济学家认为，这种动态是通过禀赋效应发生的——人们倾向于认为自己拥有的东西比自己没有拥

有的东西更有价值。）”可知，一个人对某物收取比平常更高的价格，最能说明禀赋效应的结果。故选D项。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmentto

materialpossessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.（不过,

过去的就让它过去吧。消除对物质财富的情感依恋可以帮助你更准确地评估你的物品到底值多少钱。厂可

知，最后一段的目的是提出建议。故选A项。

2.（2023•黑龙江•高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）

Organicfoodisverypopular.Itisalsoexpensive.Someorganicfoodcoststwiceasmuchasnon-organic

food,butnewparentsandpetownersarewillingtopayupto200%morefororganicfood.However,thereare

peoplewhothinkitisawasteofmoney.

Thereisonemaindifferencebetweenorganicandnon-organicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagricultural

chemicals,suchaspesticides.Inmanycountriesorganicfoodshavespeciallabels.Theseguaranteethatthe

productsarenatural.

Somepeoplethinkorganicmeanslocallygrown.Originallythiswastrue.Overtimeorganicfarmingbecame

moredifficult.Thedemandfororganicfoodgrewlargerthanthesupply.Smallcompanieshadtosellouttolarge

companies.Thereweren*tenoughorganicingredients,suchasgrainandcattle.Thismadeitdifficultformany

organiccompaniestostayinbusiness.Today,manylargecompanieshaveanorganiclineofproducts.

Isorganicfoodmorenutritious?Thisispartofthedebate.Manyfarmersandconsumersbelieveitis.They

thinkagriculturalchemicalscausehealthproblemssuchascancer.Manyhealthprofessionalsdisagree.Few

studiesprovethatorganicfoodspreventhealthproblems.Healthspecialistsworrymoreaboutbacteria,suchas

E.coliandsalmonella.Thesecangetintocontactwithorganicandnon-organicfood.Doctorsrecommend

washingproduceverycarefully.Handlingmeatcarefullyisimportanttoo.

Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.Istastierfoodworththeextramoney?Thisisa

matterofopinion.Whetheritishealthierornotmayrequiremoreresearch.However,organicconsumersargueit

isbettertobesafethansorry.

5.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoforganicfoodconsumers?

A.Price.B.Safety.

C.Freshness.D.Variety.

6.Whatisthedoctors'suggestion?

A.Growyourownfood.B.Reducetheuseofpesticides.

C.Makesurethefoodisclean.D.Buylargecompanies9products.

7.Whichofthefollowingdomostpeopleagreeonorganicfood?

A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.

C.Itcontainsmorefat.D.Itismorenutritious.

8.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A.Arecipebook.B.Achemistrypaper.

C.Amedicalreport.D.Ahealthmagazine.

【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今有机食品很受欢迎，将有机食品和非有机食品进行了对比，

并且就有机食品的种植、营养价值和味道等情况进行了说明。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段中Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicals,suchaspesticides.Inmany

countriesorganicfoodshavespeciallabels.Theseguaranteethattheproductsarenatural.可知有机农场不使用农

药等农药。在许多国家，有机食品都有特殊的标签。这些保证了产品是天然的。以及最后一段中However,

organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.可知然而，有机食品消费者认为，安全总比后悔好。

由此可推知，有机食品消费者最关心的可能是安全。故选B。

6.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.Handlingmeatcarefully

isimportanttoo.可知医生建议仔细清洗农产品。小心处理肉类也很重要。由此可知，医生的建议是确保食

物干净。故选C。

7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.可知大多数人同意

自然生长的食物味道更好。由此可知，大多数人同意有机食品味道更好。故选A。

8.推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了如今有机食品很受欢迎，将有机食品和非有机食品进行了对比，并

且就有机食品的种植、营养价值和味道等情况进行了说明。这属于饮食健康类文章，可推知，这篇文章可

能来自健康杂志。故选D。

3.（2023•辽宁•高三辽宁实验中学校联考）

Inthesummerof2019,TomasQuinoneswasundertakingaseven-day“bikepacking"trip,coveringsome

remotedesertinSouthernOregon,US.Histriphadbeenmarkedwiththeusualminortroubles.Buttherehadalso

beenthosemomentsofunexpectedkindnessfromstrangers.

Onthelastdayofhistrip,hewasridingdownadustytrackwhenhecameuponamanlyingunconsciouson

thedesertfloor.Quinonestriedtogivehimsomewaterwithlittlesuccess.Luckily,hecalledtheemergency

rescueteamandanambulancearrivedwithinanhour."IneverhadadoubtaboutwhatIwoulddo,“hesaid.

Quinones,who'dreceivedsomegesturesofhelpoverthecourseofhistrip,paiditforward.

Theoddsare,ifyou'vespentanytimeinthewild,you'llhaveexperiencedthesegesturesofkindnessfrom

strangersorgiventhemyourselftooeveniftheywerenothingsodramaticastheaidgivenbyQuinones.

Sowhatisitaboutbeingoutsideinnaturethatmakespeoplewanttohelpothers?Thefirstexplanationisthat

inthewild,theremaynotbeanyotherhelp.Accordingtothe“bystandereffecf,,themorepeoplewhoareinthe

presenceofsomeoneneedinghelp,thelesslikelyanyofthosepeoplearetoactuallyprovideit.

Butanotherideaisthatthereissomethingaboutnatureitselfthatseemstopromote"prosocial“attitudes.As

arecentstudysuggests,exposuretonaturecanpromotefeelingsoftranscendence-asenseofconnectiontoother

people,totheworldaroundusandtotheuniverse.

Whenwetakeadventureintothewild,weareeasytogethurt.Andthatmakesuslookattheworld

differently.So,inthewild,whereweloseournormalpossessions,surroundingsandidentities,weseemmore

willingtogotheextramileforsomeone.Ifsinnaturethatwecanlearnnewthingsabouthumanity.

9.WhatcanweknowaboutTomasQuinones?tripin2019?

A.Hepassedonthekindnesshe'dreceived.B.Hewassavedbyafellowtraveler.

C.HegottostforsometimeinthedesertD.Hecameacrossunexpecteddangers.

10.WhydoestheauthorwriteaboutTomasQuinones?story?

A.Tosuggesttheunstoppablepowerofnature.B.Tohighlighttherisksoftravelingalone.

C.Tointroduceacommonphenomenon.D.Toquestionconnectionsbetweenpeople.

11.Whatmighthappenifmanypeoplewerepresentwhensomebodyneededhelp,accordingtothe"bystander

effect”？

A.Theymightofferhelpimmediately.B.Theymightbeunwillingtohelp.

C.Theymightencourageotherstohelp.D.Theymightblamethepersoninneed.

12.Whyarewemorelikelytohelpstrangerswheninthewild,accordingtothetext?

A.Exposuretonatureboostsourconfidence.

B.Wearemoreclear-headedinnaturalenvironments.

C.Fearpromotesourdesireforconnectionwithnature.

D.Feelingsmallinthewildmakesustendtoactbig.

【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了TomasQuinones进行了一次为期七天的“骑自行车”旅行。在旅

行中，他遇到了一些困难，同时也收到了一些人的帮助。在他旅行的最后一天，他遇到了一个昏迷的人，

帮助他叫了救护车。一项研究表明，在野外，人们更愿意为一些人付出更多的努力，去帮助他们。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段"Quinones,who?dreceivedsomegesturesofhelpoverthecourseofhistrip,paidit

forward.（Quinones在旅途中得到了一些帮助，他把这些帮助传递了出去。）”可知，TomasQuinones把他所

受到的好意转达给别人。故选A。

10.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Quinones,who，dreceivedsomegesturesofhelpoverthecourseof

histrip,paiditforward.（奎诺内斯在旅途中得到了一些帮助，他把这些帮助传递了出去。）”和倒数第二段“As

arecentstudysuggests,exposuretonaturecanpromotefeelingsoftranscendence-asenseofconnectiontoother

people,totheworldaroundusandtotheuniverse.（最近的一项研究表明，接触大自然可以促进超然感一

种与他人、与我们周围的世界以及与宇宙的联系感。）“可知，本文主要讲述了TomasQuinones进行了一次

为期七天的“骑自行车”旅行。在旅行中，他遇到了一些困难，同时也收到了一些人的帮助。在他旅行的最

后一天，他遇到了一个昏迷的人，帮助他叫了救护车。一项研究表明，在野外，人们更愿意为一些人付出

更多的努力，去帮助他们，因此本文的目的是介绍一种普遍现象。故选C。

11.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Accordingtothe“bystandereffect”,themorepeoplewhoareinthepresence

ofsomeoneneedinghelp,thelesslikelyanyofthosepeoplearetoactuallyprovideit.（根据“旁观者效应“，需要

帮助的人越多，这些人提供帮助的可能性就越小。）”可知，根据“旁观者效应”，如果有人需要帮助时很多

人都在场，他们可能不愿意帮忙。故选B。

12.推理判断题。根据最后一段"So,inthewild,whereweloseournormalpossessions,surroundingsand

identities,weseemmorewillingtogotheextramileforsomeone.Ifsinnaturethatwecanlearnnewthings

abouthumanity.（因此，在野外，我们失去了正常的财产、环境和身份，我们似乎更愿意为某人付出额外的

努力。在大自然中，我们可以学到关于人性的新东西。）”可知，我们在野外更有可能帮助陌生人是因为在

野外感到渺小会让我们倾向于表现得更大。故选D。

4.（2023•江苏•高三无锡市第一中学校考）

Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbraincomputation

andpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.Specifically,theyanalysedhowinsectslearn

toassociatesensoryinformationintheirenvironmentwithafoodreward,andhowtheycanrecallthisinformation

laterinordertosolvecomplextaskssuchasthesearchforfood.

Livingorganismsshowremarkableabilitiesincopingwithproblemsposedbycomplexanddynamic

environments.Theyareabletogeneralizetheirexperiencesinordertorapidlyadapttheirbehaviourwhenthe

environmentchanges.Thezoologistsinvestigatedhowthenervoussystemofthefruitflycontrolsitsbehaviour

whensearchingforfood.

Usingacomputermodel,theysimulatedandanalysedthecomputationsinthefruitfly'snervoussystemin

responsetoscents（气味）comingfromthefoodsource.Theyinitiallytrainedtheirmodeloftheflybrainin

exactlythesamewayasinsectsaretrainedinexperiments.Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulation

togetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.

“Themodelrapidlyleamsastrongrepresentationoftherewardedscentafterjustafewscentpresentations

andisthenabletofindthesourceofthisscentinacomplexenvironment,saidcomputerscientistDrHannes

Rapp,whocreatedthemodel.

Themodelcreatedisthuscapabletogeneralizefromitsmemoryandtoapplywhatithaslearnedpreviously

inacompletelynewandcomplexenvironment,whilelearningrequiredonlyaverysmalldatabaseoftraining

samples.

Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspire

futuremachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.

13.Whatistheultimateaimoftheresearch?

A.Toinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbraincomputation.

B.Tosolveproblemsinsimulatedcomplexenvironments.

C.Toanalysehowinsectssearchforfoodincomplexenvironment.

D.TopromotemachinelearningandAIapplications.

14.Howdidzoologistsmainlycarryouttheirresearch?

A.Byobservingfruitflies.B.Byperforminglabexperiments.

C.Byusingacomputermodel.D.Bycarryingoutfieldresearch.

15.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutthestudyinparagraphs3-5?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocess.C.Itsimportance.D.Itsapplication.

16.Whatdoestheresultofthisstudyimply?

A.Artificialintelligenceisappliedtothestudyofinsectbrain.

B.Foodrewardisconnectedwithinformationtransformation.

C.Sensoryinformationcanbeappliedtosolvingcomplextasks.

D.StudyinglivingorganismscanmakeadifferencetoAIresearch.

【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍动物学家通过研究证明感官信息可以促进机器学习和人工智能在

解决复杂问题中的作用。

13.推理判断题。根据第一段的"Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesof

biologicalbraincomputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.（动物学家研究

昆虫的神经系统，其目的是研究生物大脑计算的原理，以及对机器学习和人工智能可能产生的影响）''和

最后一段的“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincan

inspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.（研究结果表明，

将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的应用）”推知，该

研究的最终目的是促进机器学习和人工智能的应用。故选D。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段的"Usingacomputermodel,theysimulatedandanalysedthecomputationsinthe

fruitfly'snervoussysteminresponsetoscents（气味）comingfromthefoodsource.（利用一个计算机模型，他

们模拟并分析了果蝇神经系统对来自食物来源的气味的反应）”可知，动物学家通过使用一个计算机模型

来进行研究。故选C。

15.主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Theyinitiallytrainedtheirmodeloftheflybraininexactlythesamewayas

insectsaretrainedinexperiments.Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitharewardanda

secondscentwithoutareward.（他们最初训练果蝇大脑模型的方式与在实验中训练昆虫的方式完全相同。他

们在模拟实验中展示了一种特定的气味和一种奖励，以及一种没有奖励的气味）”，第四段的“Themodel

rapidlylearnsastrongrepresentationoftherewardedscentafterjustafewscentpresentationsandisthenableto

findthesourceofthisscentinacomplexenvironment（这个模型只需展示几次气味，就能迅速学会对受奖励

气味的强烈表达，然后就能在复杂的环境中找到这种气味的来源）”和第五段的“Themodelcreatedisthus

capabletogeneralizefromitsmemoryandtoapplywhatithaslearnedpreviouslyinacompletelynewand

complexenvironment（因此，所创建的模型能够从其记忆中进行概括，并在一个全新复杂的环境中应用之

前所学到的知识）”可知，3-5段主要介绍了实验的过程，包括实验初、实验中和实验得到的结果。故选B。

16.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationinto

memoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolving

complextasks.（研究结果表明，将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决

复杂任务中的应用）”推知，感官信息可以用来解决复杂的任务。故选C。

5.（2024上•江苏•高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsome

bees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.

Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees'andbats,buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranches

forthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,

afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramount

ofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveral

non-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawaya

predator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzing

noiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditory

mimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

17.WhatwasDr.Russo9sassumptionofthestudy?

A.Onlysomebatshavethecapacityofauditorymimicry.

B.Thebuzzingofbatsissimilartothesoundofsomebees.

C.Auditorymimicryisrathercommonintheanimalkingdom.

D.Batsimitatethevoiceofangrybeestofrightenawayenemies.

18.HowdidDr.Russotesthisidea?

A.Bycollectingcomputerdata.

B.Byconsultingexpertsinthisfield.

C.Byreferringtootherscholars5analysis.

D.Byconductingseriesofscientificexperiments.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unequivocal“inparagraph5possiblymean?

A.Disappointing.B.Controversial.C.Definite.D.Uncertain.

20.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

B.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimals

D.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls

【答案】17.D18.D19.C20.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的

敌人。

17.细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilar

tothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoff

would-bepredators.（Russo博士几年前第一次注意到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声。他听到的声音好像是蜜蜂的叫声。他

想知道蝙蝠的嗡嗡声是否是一种模仿形式，有助于吓跑潜在的捕食者。）”可知，Russo博士对这项研究的

假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人。故选D项。

18.推理判断题。根据第三段"Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbats

made.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadeby

differentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees'andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.（为了验证这个想法，

他和他的同事首先记录了捕获蝙蝠时发出的嗡嗡声。然后，穿上防护服，他们开始了更危险的任务：记

录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。）”以及第四段和第五段内容

可知，Russo是通过进行一系列的科学实验验证他的想法的。故选D项。

19.词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线词句后文“Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,the

owlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,

theycreptcloser.（当他们同时听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播

放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声时，它们会慢慢靠近。）”等内容可知，实验的结果肯定了Russo的假设。从而推知

划线词句“Afteranalysis,theresultswereunequivocal.（经过分析，结果是unequivocalo）”其中划线词汇意思

是“肯定的”。故选C项。

20.主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第一段中"Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowls

thatmightotherwiseeatthem.（他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。）”

以及最后一段中“Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmore

widespreadthancurrentlyrealized.（根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得多。）”可

知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A项“动物

模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。

6.（2023•福建厦门•高三厦门一中校考阶段练习）

Beesareimportanttoagriculture.Butusefulastheyare,beesdonotreceivethesamecareandconcernover

theiremotionalwell-beingasotheragriculturalanimals.

EcologistBuchmann'srecentbook,whichcollectstheworkofbeescholarsastheyworktoexplainwhat

goesonintheirbrains,suggestsbeescanlearn,thinkandevenlikelyfeel,muchlikeanimals.Buchmann'swork

alsosuggestsbeesshouldholdaspecialplaceinourethicalscheme（道德体系）.ForBuchmannandsomeother

scientists,whattheyhavelearnedaboutbeeschangestheirresearchstrategiestobemoreethical,onparwith（相

当于）thestandardssetforanimalssuchasmiceandmonkeys.

Experiments,theoutcomesofwhichareaddressedinthebook,illustratethesecretlifeofbees.LarsChittka,

aUniversityCollegeofLondonprofessor,didanexperiment16yearsagowherehehidaroboticspiderinflowers.

Thespiderwouldgrabacarelessbeethatcametoocloseandthenreleaseitaftergivingitascare.Chittka

observedhowthereleasedbeeslearnedtolookforthespiderandtoavoidit.Somewouldbetooscaredto

approachevenunoccupiedflowers.

Otherstudiesprovedthatbeebrainssawrushesinchemicalsthatcouldbringhappinesswhentheywere

presentedwithsucrose（sugar）.Thesehappybeesthenfoundmorefoodthantheirunrewardedbees.Bycontrast,

stressfrompoorhandlingloweredthelevelsofthesehappychemicals.

“Manyofmycolleaguesdoexperimentswherebeeshavesomedevicesplacedintovariousbodyparts

withoutconsideringtheirfeelings,9,Chittkasays."Thecurrentcarefreesituationthatresearchersliveinwithno

legalframeworkneedstobere-evaluated.^^Therearefewlawsregardingbeewelfare.Buchmannthinksthe

“unhappiness“ofbeesmightbeacontributingfactortothedecreasingnumbersofbees.

Beesarecriticaltofeedingtheworldandtoplantsurvival.Butthebeesneedcaretoo.Thefirststepin

safeguardingthepreciousbeesistolearnmoreaboutthemandtheirlives."'Theseuniqueminds,regardlessof

howmuchtheymaydifferfromours,haveasmuchjustificationtoexistaswedo,“saysChittka.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutBuchmann5snewbook?

A.Itfocusesontheethicalscheme.B.Itrecordssomeresearchonbees.

C.Itteachespeoplehowtoprotectbees.D.Itintroducessomefamousscientists.

22.WhichstatementcanbeusedtodescribethebeesinChittka'sexperiment?

A.Oncebitten,twiceshy.B.Practicemakesperfect.

C.Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.D.Killtwobirdswithonestone.

23.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudies?

A.Beesarewell-received.B.Beesareprecious.

C.Beescanhaveemotions.D.