DB43-T 2384-2022五倍子种植技术规程

ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2384—2022

五倍子种植技术规程

Technicalspecificationsforplantinggallachinensis

2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2384—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5盐肤木栽培············································································································2

6冬寄主苔藓培养······································································································3

7蚜虫的繁育和挂放···································································································3

8田间管理···············································································································3

9病虫害防治············································································································4

10采收、加工与贮运·································································································4

11档案管理··············································································································5

附录A（资料性）五倍子主要病虫害防治方法·································································6

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DB43/T2384—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南新汇制药股份有限公司、长沙新林制药有限公司、湖南中医药大学、怀化学

院、怀化林泉药业有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：何述金、王炜、李胜华、周代俊、周准、杨志辉、何承东、黄黎明、朱美成、

石尧辉、周乐学、吴长军。

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DB43/T2384—2022

五倍子种植技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了五倍子种植的术语和定义、产地环境、盐肤木栽培、冬寄主苔藓培养、蚜虫的繁育和

挂放、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收、加工与贮运及档案管理等内容。

本文件适用于湖南省五倍子的种植。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本

文件。

GB3095环境空气质量标准

GB5084农田灌溉水质标准

GB/T8321农药合理使用准则

GB15618土壤质量标准

NY/T496肥料合理使用准则通则

中华人民共和国药典（2020年版一部）

3术语与定义

下列术语与定义适用于本文件。

3.1

五倍子

本文件所指五倍子为漆树科植物盐肤木（RhuschinensisMill.）叶上的虫瘿。

4产地环境

4.1基地选取

种植基地应远离工矿企业、医院、垃圾场、畜牧场、公路主干道、居民区等污染源。

4.2土壤

土壤质量应符合GB15618的规定。

4.3水质

灌溉水质应符合GB5084的规定。

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4.4空气

空气质量应符合GB3095的规定。

5盐肤木栽培

5.1育苗

5.1.1种子处理

春播前要对种子进行退蜡处理。用40℃左右温水加草木灰调成糊状，或用10％的石灰水进行揉搓

种子，至种子变黄色，手摸有粗糙感即可。然后用清水浸泡至皮变软，每天换水，同时用40℃～50℃

温水淘洗。

5.1.2催芽

常温催芽一般15ｄ左右，温室催芽一般7ｄ左右，催芽期间每天用清水淋洒，隔两天淘洗一次，种

子萌动露白率超过5％时即可播种。

5.1.3苗圃地选择

应选择土层相对深厚肥沃的壤土、沙壤土，要求苗圃地地势平坦、向阳、排灌水方便，苗床宽

1.5m～2m，中间略高，并施足农家肥，秋季播种育苗需提前一周对地块进行深耕除草。

5.1.4时间

每年3月份或11月份

5.1.5方法

播种时开沟条播，行距33cm～40cm，株距4cm～5cm，深约5cm，覆土厚约3cm，保湿。每

667m2播种约5kg。播种完成后在苗床上轻轻覆盖草帘以适当保温。当苗高约80cm时即可移栽。

5.2定植

5.2.1地块准备

选择朝阳，土层深厚，肥沃疏松，排水保水能力强的山地。

5.2.2整地施肥

采用穴垦整地。按株距5m～6m、行距4m～5m挖穴，穴规格50cm×50cm×40cm。施放基肥，

每穴放入0.25kg的过磷酸钙或等量的复合钾肥，与土壤拌匀，准备造林。肥料使用应符合NY/T496

的规定。

5.2.3时间

每年2月～3月或初冬10月～11月。

5.2.4方法

一穴一株。

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6冬寄主苔藓培养

6.1场地选择原则

选择背林背风、向阳、湿度大、不积水、无人畜危害的地块种植苔藓，以阳光不能直接照射，有一

定散射光的阴湿地最好，林沿、崖边、坎下的阴湿地也可选用。

6.2苔藓种类的选择

角倍蚜的优良冬寄主是侧枝匐灯藓。

6.3藓圃准备

将藓圃地进行翻耕，深耕30cm～50cm，清除树根、杂草等杂物，平整地面。开沟起垄，垄高30cm～

40cm，垄宽1m～1.2m，垄长6m～10m，垄间距50cm。垄床面上铺腐殖土。

6.4苔藓的繁殖

侧枝匐灯藓在繁殖前，需剔除杂藓，清除杂草。将侧枝匐灯藓撕开成网状，平铺在藓圃圃面的腐殖

土上，压紧压实，喷水湿透，撒播量为30g～60g/m2。要长期保持湿润状态。

7蚜虫的繁育和挂放

7.1秋迁蚜的采集与繁育

倍林中有20％以上的倍子已经爆裂或40％以上的倍子内已形成有翅蚜时，开始采摘转黄而又未破

裂的种倍，放入保湿、通气的容器种，保持90％左右的湿度，使它在容器中自然破裂。当种倍产生的

幼蚜虫体上长出一层白色蜡粉时，就将其接种到冬季主侧枝匐灯藓上繁殖后代，温度保持在8℃～

10℃。

7.2春迁蚜的收集与性蚜的保存

3月中旬，人工收集春迁蚜虫，分装到纸袋内保存，春迁蚜在纸袋内产下雌雄蚜并交配。性蚜保

存在湿度在45％的室内，温度为10℃～18℃的环境中。

7.3角倍蚜虫挂放

雌性蚜开始产干母时，将纸袋挂放到寄主树上。挂放性蚜时，把纸袋拿到手中，用针由下向上刺上

5个～10个洞，以便蚜虫的爬出，同时防止虫袋外面的害虫侵入到纸袋内危害蚜虫，再把它用订书针钉

到树的北面，每667m2倍林放蚜虫2万～4万头左右。

8田间管理

8.1盐肤木苗床管理

苗床内苗高达到10cm左右时应进行一次间苗管理，用手轻轻拔除过密、过于瘦小的苗木，保留合

适的株行距以保证种苗质量，苗高统一长到70cm左右进行掐尖摘心，防止苗木顶端优势徒长导致侧枝

分布不均，同时加强苗圃种苗病虫害防治，避免苗木受损，霜降后苗木即可出圃移栽。

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8.2苔藓的管理

藓圃上搭遮阴棚，光照按“三分阳、七分阴”的原则调节，侧枝匍灯藓要求空气湿度在80％以上。

日常管理主要是随时捡除苔藓上的枯枝落叶等杂物，清除藓层内杂草，防止牲畜破坏。接种倍蚜后应特

别加强水分管理，不能太干也不能太湿。

9病虫害防治

9.1主要病虫害

主要病害有白粉病、煤污病、叶斑病。主要虫害有宽肩象、银纹夜蛾、食叶象等。

9.2防治原则

预防为主，综合防控。

9.3生物防治

使用生物源农药，保护和利用种植地有益生物及优势种群。

9.4物理防治

采用杀虫灯或黑光灯、粘虫板、糖醋液等幼杀害虫。注意蚜虫迁移期间应停止病虫害防治。

9.5化学防治

主要病虫害防治方法参见附录A。农药使用应符合GB/T8321的规定。注意蚜虫迁移期间应停止病

虫害防治。

10采收、加工与贮运

10.1采收

秋季采摘。一般应在5％的倍子爆裂或虫瘿由青转为黄褐色时及时采收，采倍时每株留1个～3个

大倍，让其自行爆裂，使倍蚜虫迁飞到藓类寄主，促进翌年倍子产量。

10.2加工

采摘后的五倍子用沸水煮3min～5min。至外表呈灰色即可，将内部蚜虫杀死，晒干或阴干即可。

质量应符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2020年版一部）的要求。

10.3包装

应符合牢固、整洁、防潮、美观的要求。注意五倍子不能采用直接接触铁制容器的包装。

10.4贮运

选择通风、干燥、避光、防鼠虫和防潮仓库储存，并定期检查产品保存情况。运输工具应清洁卫生、

干燥、无异味，不应与有毒、有异味、有污染的物品混装混运。运输途中应防雨、防潮、防暴晒。

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11档案管理

种植单位应保存完整、真实的产地环境质量资料，生产栽培管理和销售记录。生产栽培管理和销售

记录包括投入物品、种植、收获、处理、销售等全过程记录档案。档案至少保存2年。

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附录A

（资料性）

五倍子主要病虫害防治方法

防治对象症状推荐药剂施用方法安全间隔期

喷施75％百菌清可湿性粉剂15天

75％百菌清可湿性500倍液；

由多种细菌和真菌引起；表现为

粉剂、或80％克菌丹水分散粒剂60014天

煤污病叶、柄、幼果等部位出现黑色斑

80％克菌丹水分散倍～1000倍液喷雾防治，间隔

片状病损。

粒剂7d～10d施药1次，最多施用

3次

喷施80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂15天

400倍～600倍液；

80％代森锰锌可湿或50％硫磺•多菌灵可湿性粉20天

性粉剂、剂160克/亩～240克/亩，7d

50％硫磺•多菌灵可喷洒1次，连喷3次；

叶斑病出现褐色斑点，造成植物枯死湿性粉剂、或30％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒42天

30％苯醚甲环唑水3200倍～4000倍液，7d喷洒

分散粒剂、1次，连喷3次；

40％肟菌酯悬浮剂或40％肟菌酯悬浮剂500042天

倍～6000倍液，7～16d喷洒1

次，连喷2次

叶片表面,形成灰斑,不破坏大

60％唑醚·代森联水喷施60％唑醚·代森联水分散

白粉病量细胞,但菌种会吸取水分、养15天

分散粒剂粒剂500倍液

分,阻碍叶片生长

在主干上活动，并将口器刺入皮

宽肩象50％杀螟松乳油喷施50％杀螟松乳油500倍液15天

层取食汁液

喷施40％辛硫磷乳油1000倍

银纹夜蛾幼虫蛟食叶片40％辛硫磷乳油15天

液

食叶象蚕食叶片50％杀螟松乳油喷施50％杀螟松乳油500倍液15天

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DB43/T2384—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5盐肤木栽培············································································································2

6冬寄主苔藓培养······································································································3

7蚜虫的繁育和挂放···································································································3

8田间管理···············································································································3

9病虫害防治············································································································4

10采收、加工与贮运·································································································4

11档案管理··············································································································5

附录A（资料性）五倍子主要病虫害防治方法·································································6

I