DB43-T 2383-2022钩藤种植技术规程

ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2383—2022

钩藤种植技术规程

Technicalspecificationsforplantinguncariaeramuluscumuncis

2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2383—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································3

7田间管理···············································································································3

8病虫害防治············································································································3

9采收加工与贮运······································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）钩藤主要病虫害防治方法····································································5

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DB43/T2383—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南新汇制药股份有限公司、长沙新林制药有限公司、湖南中医药大学、怀化学

院、怀化林泉药业有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：何述金、王炜、李胜华、周代俊、周准、杨志辉、何承东、黄黎明、朱美成、

石尧辉、周乐学、吴长军。

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DB43/T2383—2022

钩藤种植技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了钩藤种植的术语与定义、产地环境、育苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收、加

工与贮运及档案管理等内容。

本文件适用于湖南省钩藤的种植。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

GB3095环境空气质量标准

GB5084农田灌溉水质标准

GB/T8321农药合理使用准则

GB15618土壤质量标准

NY/T496肥料合理使用准则通则

中华人民共和国药典（2020年版一部）

3术语与定义

下列术语与定义适用于本文件。

3.1

钩藤

本文件所指钩藤为茜草科钩藤（Uncariarhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq.exHavil.）的带钩茎枝。

4产地环境

4.1基地选取

种植基地应远离工矿企业、医院、垃圾场、畜牧场、公路主干道、居民区等污染源。

4.2土壤

土壤质量应符合GB15618的规定。

4.3水质

灌溉水质应符合GB5084的规定。

4.4空气

空气质量应符合GB3095的规定。

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5育苗

5.1种子繁殖

5.1.1采种

每年10月中下旬采集种子，日晒2天，蒴果搓烂，过细筛后得到种子，放入温度为50℃～55℃

的水中浸泡5h后，放在盆里拌草木灰进行消毒和打破种子表面蜡质层，然后拌河沙。

5.1.2苗床准备

深挖30cm～40cm，打碎土块，捡净树根、石块，然后顺坡开沟着厢，厢面宽1.2m，厢间沟宽

30cm、深20cm，厢面表土培细整平。

5.1.3播种

在3月下旬至4月上旬播种均可。播种量一般15kg/hm2。

5.1.4苗床管理

播种60d左右开始出苗，出苗后10d达出苗高峰期，出苗后20d结束。适当浇水，及时除草。

干旱期间在早晚土壤温度较低时浇水。

5.2扦插繁殖

5.2.1苗床准备

土壤经深翻，除去杂草，按宽1.0m～1.2m、高15cm～20cm的规格起眭，平整细耙后，每667m2

施腐熟农家肥800kg作为基肥，再用过筛的黄心土或沙壤质细土铺于苗床面。肥料使用应符合NY/T496

的规定。

5.2.2扦插

3月初，选取健壮、半木质化、无病虫害的带芽枝条切段作为插穗，每段带壮健芽2个～3个，基

部切口略带斜口。用0.2％的多菌灵溶液浸泡15min。插穗基部用200mg/L的NAA溶液浸泡5min。

扦插株行距15cm×20cm左右，扦插深度为3cm～5cm，插条与地面角度成60°，顶端顺着插床方向。

扦插完毕后，对整个苗床进行浇水。最后搭遮阴棚，棚高50cm。

5.2.3苗床管理

5.2.3.1浇水

插条扦插后当天浇一次透水，以后要保持土壤湿润，待插条生根以后浇水次数可适当减少。

5.2.3.2追肥

当新枝长到3cm左右，每667m2追施5kg～8kg尿素。肥料使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

5.2.3.3中耕除草

插条生根后即可进行中耕除草，初次中耕要浅；种苗进入旺盛生长期后，中耕深度可适当加深。

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DB43/T2383—2022

6定植

6.1选地

选择朝阳，土层深厚，肥沃疏松，排水保水能力强的山地。

6.2整地施肥

栽植前，深耕30cm～50cm，清除树根、杂草等杂物，平整地面，起垄作穴前，对土地深翻2次，

深翻深度应大于25cm。每667m2土杂肥500kg，耕细整平。肥料使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

6.3挖定植穴

按株行距1.5m×2m或2m×2m挖植苗穴，穴长、宽、深均为30cm。每穴施入腐熟农家肥2kg

或复合肥0.15kg，并用表层土与肥料混合拌匀施入穴中，然后覆土稍高于原地面，整成龟背形。肥料

使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

6.4时间

每年3月～5月或9月～12月进行移栽。

6.5方法

穴栽法。

7田间管理

7.1中耕除草

及时中耕除草。一般每年2次。春季应浅锄，秋冬季宜全垦深翻培土，清园中耕。

7.2补苗

移栽后及时检查，发现缺苗或死苗应及时补栽。

7.3水肥管理

雨季，要及时清沟排水，防止园地积水。高温干旱时应及时灌溉抗旱。在春秋季再分别追施少量有

机生态肥和每株0.15kg复合肥。追肥时，在植株根旁挖施肥沟，放入肥料后盖土。肥料使用应符合

NY/T496的规定。

7.4修剪

第一年钩藤长至1.5m时及时打顶，使钩藤多分枝。第三年产钩后，每年在采收时对茎蔓短截约留

60cm长。

8病虫害防治

8.1主要病虫害

主要病害为根腐病。主要虫害有蚜虫、蛀心虫、毛虫、黑绒金龟子等。

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8.2防治原则

预防为主，综合防控。

8.3生物防治

使用生物源农药，保护和利用种植地有益生物及优势种群。

8.4物理防治

采用杀虫灯或黑光灯、粘虫板、糖醋液等幼杀害虫。整地时发现蛴螬、地老虎等及时灭杀。

8.5化学防治

主要病虫害防治方法参见附录A。农药使用应符合GB/T8321的规定。

9采收、加工与贮运

9.1采收

每年的秋冬两季均可进行采收。将带钩的茎枝剪下。

9.2加工

去叶，切段，晒干或阴干。质量应符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2020年版一部）的要求。

9.3包装

应符合牢固、整洁、防潮、美观的要求。

9.4贮运

选择通风、干燥、避光、防鼠虫和防潮仓库储存，并定期检查产品保存情况。运输工具应清洁卫生、

干燥、无异味，不应与有毒、有异味、有污染的物品混装混运。运输途中应防雨、防潮、防暴晒。

10档案管理

种植单位应保存完整、真实的产地环境质量资料，生产栽培管理和销售记录。生产栽培管理和销售

记录包括投入物品、种植、收获、处理、销售等全过程记录档案。档案至少保存2年。

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附录A

（资料性）

钩藤主要病虫害防治方法

防治对象症状推荐药剂施用方法安全间隔期

2％几丁聚糖水剂100-150毫升7天

/亩，7d～10d喷洒1次，连

喷2次～3次；

2％几丁聚糖水剂、

或48％霜霉•氟啶胺悬浮剂60毫14天

48％霜霉•氟啶胺悬

升/亩～80毫升/亩，7d～10d

浮剂、

幼苗根部皮层和侧喷洒1次，连喷2次～3次；

根腐病25％吡唑醚菌酯悬

根腐烂，茎叶枯死。或25％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂2021天

浮剂、

毫升/亩～40毫升/亩，7d喷

10％苯醚甲环唑水

洒1次，连喷2次；

分散粒剂

或10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂7天

67克/亩～100克/亩，7d喷洒

1次，连喷2次

4月份。幼苗长出嫩叶时发生。7

10％吡虫啉可湿性用10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂3000

蚜虫月～8月份危害植株顶部嫩茎15天

粉剂倍液喷杀。

叶。

幼虫蛀入茎内咬坏组织，中断水

蛀心虫分养料的30％敌百虫用30％敌百虫l000倍液喷杀。15天

运输，致使顶部逐渐萎蔫下垂。

用50％敌敌畏乳油l000倍液15天

50％敌敌畏乳油、

6月份成虫开始为害，可将新发喷杀；

毛虫100克/升氯氰菊酯

茎枝叶片吃光，影响产量或100克/升氯氰菊酯乳油7天

乳油

2000倍～3700倍液喷雾喷杀。

5月～6月成虫将初发新叶咬成用20％甲氰菊酯乳油3000倍

黑绒金龟子20％甲氰菊酯乳油15天

孔洞。液喷杀。

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DB43/T2383—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································3

7田间管理···············································································································3

8病虫害防治············································································································3

9采收加工与贮运······································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）钩藤主要病虫害防治方法····································································5

I

DB43/T2383—2022