2023年全年全球及欧洲经济及汽车市场报告 Economic and Market Report Global and EU auto industry Full year 2023 -ACEA

March2024

EconomicandMarketReport

GlobalandEUautoindustry:

Fullyear2023

www.acea.auto2

Contents

EUeconomicoutlook 3

Registrations 5

Global 5

EuropeanUnion(EU) 7

Production 9

Global 9

EuropeanUnion(EU) 12

Trade 13

Imports 14

Exports 15

COPYRIGHTNOTICE

Reproductionof(partsof)thisinformationorrelateddocumentsisnotpermittedwithoutthe

priorwrittenconsentofACEA.Whereverreproductionispermitted,ACEAshallbereferredtoasthesourceoftheinformation.

www.acea.auto3

EUECONOMICOUTLOOK

Followingrobustpost-pandemicgrowth,theEUeconomysloweddownlastyear,withreal

GDPbarelyrisinginthefirstthreequartersof2023,achievingonlyamodest0.5%increase.TheEuropeanCommissionhasrevisedtheEU’sgrowthoutlookfor2024to0.9%(from1.3%intheAutumnforecast),whileeconomicactivityisexpectedtoexpandby1.7%in2025.

AccordingtothelatestforecastfromtheEuropeanCommission,EUinflationstoodat6.3%in2023andisprojectedtodecreaseto3%in2024andtoafurther2.5%in2025.Thedeclineinconsumerenergypriceshasplayedasignificantrole,andrecentmonthshaveseena

broadermoderationininflation,indicatingareductioninpricepressure.

Despitetheslowdownineconomicgrowthin2023,theEUlabourmarkethasremainedrobust.Withexpectationsforcontinuedemploymentgrowth,unemploymentratesare

anticipatedtoremainstableandclosetotheirrecordlowat6%.

Table1:EUeconomicforecast–Keyfigures

GDP(%)

2023

2024

2025

0.5

0.9

1.7

Inflation(%)

6.3

3.0

2.5

Unemployment(%)6.06.05.9

SOURCE:EUROPEANCOMMISSIONECONOMICFORECAST,WINTER2024

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Figure1:EUGDPgrowthfor2023,bycountry

SOURCE:EUROPEANCOMMISSIONECONOMICFORECAST,WINTER2024

www.acea.auto5

REGISTRATIONS

GLOBAL

2023globalcarsalesreboundedsignificantlyafterremainingstablein2022,growingbyalmost10%andsurpassing72millionunitsassupplychainchallengeseased.

SalesinEuropeincreasedby18.6%in2023comparedto2022.SimilartrendsinbothEUandEasternEuropeanmarketsdrovethisregion-wideincrease.RussiaandUkraine

experiencedsubstantialdeclinesin2022andarenowonaslowpathtorecovery,withtheirmarketsshowingimpressivegrowthrates(63.5%and58.9%,respectively).Additionally,

Türkiyeexperiencedanotablesurge,reachingalmostonemillionunitssoldlastyear,representinga63.2%increase.

Despitehighinflationandrisinginterestrates,thevolumeofcarsalesinNorthAmerica

remainedconsistentin2023,withtheregionexperiencing15%growth.Similarly,theUnitedStatesrecordeddouble-digitgrowthinnewcarsales,up14.4%comparedtotheprecedingyear.

PassengercarsalesintheSouthAmericanregiontotalledover2.8millionunitsin2023,

remainingstablecomparedto2022.ThisgrowthwasprimarilydrivenbyBrazil,theleadingmarketintheregion,whichgrewbyasubstantial9.2%.However,salesinothersignificantmarkets,suchasChileandColombia,declinedsharplylastyear.

InAsia,Japanesecarsalesgrewbyanotable15.8%in2023,drivenbyalowerbaselineforcomparisonresultingfromsemiconductorandcomponentshortageslastyear.Ontheotherhand,SouthKoreaexperiencedamoremodestgrowthof5.2%followingthegovernment'sterminationoftaxreliefsupportinJune2023.

Witharecoveryinthelastquarteroftheyear,Chinesecarsalesin2023reachedover22millionunits,markinga4.5%increaseyearoveryear.Remarkably,theChinesemarket

representsnearly31%ofglobalcarsales.

In2023,Indianpassengercarsalessurgedtoarecordlevelofabout4.2millionunits,growingby8.5%andsurpassingJapan'svolume.Thisgrowthwasdrivenbyarisingpreferenceforindividualmobility,andtheintroductionofnewmodels.

www.acea.auto6

Table2:Globalnewcarregistrations

12,932,247

+18.6

21.2

15,335,149

%change

%share

20231

202223/22

2023

EUROPE

EuropeanUnion

10,547,716

9,263,509

+13.9

14.6

EFTA

396,711

416,930

-4.8

0.5

UnitedKingdom

1,903,054

1,614,063

+17.9

2.6

Russia

1,015,387

621,105

+63.5

1.4

Türkiye

967,341

592,659

+63.2

1.3

Ukraine

60,710

38,211

+58.9

0.1

Others(Europe

)2

444,230

385,770

+15.2

0.6

NORTHAMERICA

3

14,696,367

12,780,597

+15.0

20.3

UnitedStatesonly

12,327,829

10,773,065

+14.4

17.0

SOUTHAMERICA

2,835,568

2,810,766

+0.9

3.9

Brazilonly

1,717,744

1,572,799

+9.2

2.4

ASIA

36,063,808

34,014,324

+6.0

49.8

China

22,320,061

21,354,717

+4.5

30.8

India

4,176,522

3,848,737

+8.5

5.8

Japan

3,989,608

3,444,229

+15.8

5.5

SouthKorea

1,501,424

1,426,604

+5.2

2.1

Others(Asia

)4

4,076,193

3,940,037

+3.5

5.6

MIDDLEEAST/AFRICA

3,526,307

3,512,663

+0.4

4.9

WORLD

+9.7

100.0

72,457,19966,050,597

SOURCE:ACEA,S&PGLOBALMOBILITY

1Provisionalfigures

2IncludesBelarus,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Kazakhstan,NorthMacedonia,Serbia,andUzbekistan

3Basedonproductiontype

4IncludesHongKong,Taiwan,andalltheotherSouthAsiancountries,excludingIndia

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EUROPEANUNION(EU)

In2023,theEUcarmarketexpandedrobustlyby13.9%comparedto2022,reachingavolumeof10.5millionunits.

MostEUmarketsenjoyedstronggrowth,includingthefourlargest:Italy(+18.9%),Spain(+16.7%),France(+16.1%),andGermany(+7.3%).

Despitetheoverallgrowth,acomparisonwithpre-pandemicvolumeshighlightshowfarregistrationshavedropped,withregistrationscurrentlystandingat19%lessthanthepre-pandemicvolumeof13millionunitsregisteredin2019.

Table3:Topfour–NewEUcarregistrations

Germany

20232022%change23/22

2,844,609

2,651,357

+7.3

France

1,774,723

1,529,035

+16.1

Italy

1,565,331

1,316,926

+18.9

Spain

949,359

813,376

+16.7

EUROPEANUNION

10,547,7169,263,509+13.9

SOURCE:ACEA

Whenlookingatsalesbypowersource,battery-electriccarsemergedasthethird-most-

popularchoiceforbuyers.InDecember,theirmarketsharesurgedto18.5%,contributingtoafull-yearshareof14.6%,surpassingdiesel,whichremainedsteadyat13.6%.Thevolumeofbattery-electriccarssurpassed1.5millionunits,indicatingasubstantial37%increase

comparedto2022.

Petrolcarsmaintaineddominancewithamarketshareof35.3%,whilehybrid-electriccarsclaimedsecondspot,commandinga25.8%marketshare.

www.acea.auto8

Figure2:NewEUcarregistrationsbypowersource

SOURCE:ACEA

www.acea.auto9

PRODUCTION

GLOBAL

In2023,globalcarmanufacturingreachednearly76millionunits,asubstantial10.2%

increasefromthepreviousyear.Thissurgewasdrivenbypositiveproductiontrendsthatemergedacrossregionsglobally.

Europeancarproductiongrewsubstantially,reachingnearly15millionunits,markinga

significantyear-on-yearimprovementof12.6%.Thissurgecanbeprimarilyattributedtotheweakercomparisonbaselineof2022.

InNorthAmerica,productionincreasedby12.4%,resultingin11.7millioncarsproducedlastyear.TheUSshowedasimilartrend,withagrowthrateof8.5%,resultinginover7.6millioncarsbuilt.

In2023,productioninSouthAmericaincreasedbyasluggish0.1%comparedto2022.Thisrepresentedanotableslowdownfromtheperformanceregisteredin2022whenoutputgrewby9.1%over2021.TheprimaryreasonforthisslowdownisthatBrazil,whichaccountsforover80%ofregionalvolumes,experiencedadeclineinproductionvolumesby2.3%in2023comparedto2022,withapproximately1.8millioncarsbuilt.

Japan'scarproductionvolumesgrewbyasignificant17.4%lastyear,reaching7.7million

units.However,thiscanbeprimarilyattributedtounusuallylowproductionvolumesin2022.Similarly,productioninSouthKoreagrewbyasignificant13.6%to3.9millionunitsin2023,drivenbystableplantoperationsandstrongexports.

Followingasolidperformanceinthelastquarter,Chinesecarproductionin2023reached25.3millionunits,markinga9.1%year-on-yearrebound.ThissolidifiesChina'spositionastheworld'sleadingcarproducer,commandinga33.5%marketshare.

CarproductioninIndiagrewby6.8%,reaching4.7millionunitslastyear,drivenbyfactorssuchasthelowerproductionbasein2022,improvedsemiconductorsupply,andarisingpreferenceforindividualmobility,resultinginstrongdemand.

In2023,carproductionintheMiddleEastandAfricaregionincreasedbyamodest0.5%.

TheprimaryreasonforthisweakperformanceisIran–whichaloneaccountsforoverhalfoftheregion’sproduction–decliningby6.5%,largelyduetosluggishdomesticdemand.

www.acea.auto10

Table4:Globalcarproduction

2022

%change23/22

%share2023

14,988,243

13,316,033

+12.6

19.8

2023

5

EUROPE

EuropeanUnion

12,126,604

10,896,821

+11.3

16.0

Türkiye

960,230

806,971

+19.0

1.3

UnitedKingdom

901,893

776,764

+16.1

1.2

Russia

491,000

445,247

+10.3

0.6

Ukraine

2,504

1,839

+36.2

0.0

Others(Europe

)6

506,012

388,391

+30.3

0.7

NORTHAMERICA

UnitedStatesonly

11,687,968

10,401,318

+12.4

15.5

7,629,525

7,033,378

+8.5

10.1

SOUTHAMERICA

2,136,135

2,134,324

+0.1

2.8

Brazilonly

1,781,612

1,823,705

-2.3

2.4

ASIA

44,971,379

40,923,334

+9.9

59.5

China

25,347,593

23,237,924

+9.1

33.5

Japan

7,734,465

6,586,250

+17.4

10.2

India

4,669,500

4,373,200

+6.8

6.2

SouthKorea

3,926,371

3,456,411

+13.6

5.2

Indonesia

1,147,166

1,169,062

-1.9

1.5

Thailand

835,645

747,113

+11.8

1.1

Others(Asia

)7

1,310,639

1,353,374

-3.2

1.7

MIDDLEEAST/AFRICA

1,831,725

1,823,048

+0.5

2.4

Iran

only

1,000,666

1,070,195

-6.5

1.3

WORLD

75,615,45068,598,057+10.2100.0

SOURCE:S&PGLOBALMOBILITY

5Provisionalfigures

6IncludesBelarus,Kazakhstan,Serbia,andUzbekistan

7IncludesTaiwan,Australia,Malaysia,Pakistan,Philippines,andVietnam

www.acea.auto11

Figure3:Top10globalcarproducers

SOURCE:S&PGLOBALMOBILITY

www.acea.auto12

EUROPEANUNION(EU)

In2023,EUcarproductionincreasedsignificantly,surpassing12millionunitsandmarking

an11.3%risecomparedto2022.Thispositiveoutcomeisattributedtothegradualeasingofsupplychainchallenges,allowingforimprovedproductionvolumes.

WesternEuropeancarproducersdemonstratedstrongperformance,withGermanyleadinginvolumeterms,recordingasubstantial18.7%increaseinproduction.FollowingGermanywereBelgium(+18.1%),Italy(+11.9%),Sweden(+9.8%),Spain(+7.4%),andFrance

(+1.2%).

CentralandEasternEuropealsoplayedasignificantrole,withsubstantialgainsinCzechia(+14.9%),whichnowranksthirdamongtopEUcarproducers,alongwithHungary(+11.6%)andSlovakia(+9.5%).OnlyRomaniaexperiencedadecline(-1.6%)amongthetenlargest

EUcarproducers.

Table5:ToptenEUcarproducers

2023

2022

%change23/22

Germany

3,959,322

3,336,546

+18.7

Spain

1,869,988

1,741,084

+7.4

Czechia

1,395,211

1,214,746

+14.9

Slovakia

1,062,058

970,275

+9.5

France

959,404

948,341

+1.2

Italy

542,218

484,345

+11.9

Hungary

504,907

452,551

+11.6

Romania

501,337

509,465

-1.6

Belgium

287,211

243,293

+18.1

Sweden

276,070

251,446

+9.8

EUROPEANUNION

12,126,604

10,896,821

+11.3

SOURCE:S&PGLOBALMOBILITY

www.acea.auto13

TRADE

In2023,theEUexperiencedasignificantincreaseintheimportvalueandvolumeofcars,withvaluesrisingby34.6%andvolumesbyasolid23.7%.

Improvedproduction,facilitatedbythegradualeasingofsupplychainissues,ledtoa12.7%increaseinexportvalueanda12.4%increaseinexportvolume.

Thisresultedinatradesurplusexceeding€90billion,relativelyconsistentwith2022’sfigures.

Table6:EUnewcartrade

Tradeinvalue(inmillion€)

2023

2022

%change23/22

Imports

72,199

53,633

+34.6

Exports

162,788

144,489

+12.7

Tradebalance

90,589

90,856

-0.3

Tradeinvolume(inunits)

2023

2022

%change23/22

Imports

3,346,529

2,706,322

+23.7

Exports

4,730,341

4,208,443

+12.4

SOURCE:EUROSTAT

www.acea.auto14

IMPORTS

ChinamaintaineditspositionastheprimarysourceofnewEUcarimportsintermsofvalue,experiencingrobust37.1%growthandclaimingasignificant17.7%marketshare.

ImportsfromtheUnitedKingdom,Japan,andSouthKoreacloselytrailedbehind,collectivelycontributing–togetherwithChina–tonearly60%ofthevalueofnewEUcarimportsoutsidethebloc,allachievingimpressivedouble-digitgrowthrates.

Analysingimportvolumes,thefivemajorcountriescontributingtoEUimportsexperiencedsubstantialincreasesin2023comparedto2022.Chinaledthegroupwitharemarkable

39.6%surgeanda20%shareofEUimportvolumes,followedbyTürkiye(+15.4%),Japan(+32.1%),SouthKorea(+4.8%),andMorocco(+16.3%).

Table7:EUnewcarimports,maincountriesoforigin

%change

%share

Tradeinvalue(inmillion€)

2023

2022

23/22

2022

China

12,812

9,349

+37.1

17.7

UnitedKingdom

10,265

7,768

+32.1

14.2

Japan

10,201

7,340

+39.0

14.1

SouthKorea

9,923

7,919

+25.3

13.7

UnitedStates

7,798

5,151

+51.4

10.8

SOURCE:EUROSTAT

Table8:EUnewcarimports,maincountriesoforigin

%change

%share