《跨境电商实务》课件-Chapter08 Marine Cargo Insurance

Chapter8

MarineCargoInsurance8.1DefinitionandPrincipalsofInsurance8.1.1DefinitionsA.theInsured:thepartywhoisinsuredagainstlossandtowhompaymentcoveringthelosswillbemadeB.theInsurer/theInsuranceUnderwriter:thepartywhoinsuresothersagainstlossordamageandmakespaymentincaseoflossC.Premium:thesumofmoneythattheinsuredagreestopaytheinsurerforinsuranceD.theInsuredAmount:itistheupperlimitofcompensationpayabletotheinsuredincaseofloss8.1DefinitionandPrincipalsofInsurance8.1.2PrinciplesofInsuranceA.InsuranceInterest:theinsuredmusthaveafinancialinterestinthepropertyinsuredinordertobenefitfromthecontinuedexistenceB.UtmostGoodFaith:boththeseller,buyerandtheinsurancecompanymustbehonestindealingwithinsuranceC.ProximateCause(近因原则）:basedonthedirectcauseoflossD.Indemnity（补偿原则）:acontractofinsuranceisonewhichrestoresthevalueofgoods8.1DefinitionandPrincipalsofInsurance8.1.2PrinciplesofInsuranceE.Contribution（分摊原则）:apersoncannotbeallowedtoinsuretwiceforthesameriskandclaimthecompensationfrombothinsurersF.Subrogation(代位追偿）:itisalegaldoctrinewherebyonepersonisentitledtoenforcethesubsistingorrevivedrightsofanotherforone’sownbenefit.8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.1TypesofRisks1)PerilsoftheSeaisdividedintoNaturalCalamitiesandAccidentsA.Naturalcalamities:heavyweather,thunderandlightning,tsunami(tidewaves),earthquakes,volcaniceruptionandfloodsB.Accidents:shipstranding,strikinguponrocks,sinking,collidingwithicebergsorotherobjects,fire,explosionandshipmissing8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.1TypesofRisks2)ExtraneousRisksincludeGeneralExtraneousRisksandSpecialExtraneousRisksGeneralExtraneousRisks:therisksduetotheftandpilferage,contamination,rain,leakage,shortage,breakage,dampness,andmildewing,heating,taintofodor,hookingandrustingSpecialExtraneousRisks:theriskssuchasondeck,war,strikes,failureofdeliveryandrejection8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.2TypesofLosses1.TotalLosscanbedividedintoactualtotallossandconstructivetotallossA.Actualtotalloss:theinsuredgoodsuponarrivalarebadlydamaged,lostorfoundvaluelessB.Constructivetotalloss:theactuallossisunavoidableduetothecostofthesalvageorrecoverywillexceedthevalueoftheship8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.2TypesofLosses2.PartiallossisdividedintoparticularaverageandgeneralaverageParticularaverage(PA单独海损):isapartiallosssufferedbythepartywhoseconsignmentispartiallylostordamagedGeneralaverage(GA共同海损）:isthepartiallossresultingfromadeliberateactoftheshipsmaster,suchasthrowingoverboardallorpartofthespecificconsignor,8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.2TypesofLossesC.FactorsonGAFirstly,theremustbeextraordinarysacrificeorexpenditurewhichismadeforthebenefitofallthepartiesSecondly,theactionofmakingasacrificeisintentionallymadeonwillingnessratherthanonetheordersofothersThirdly,theperilmustberealandexistsactuallyFourthly,theactionoftheship’smastermustbesuccessfulinsavingthevoyage8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.3ExpensesinReducingLossA.Sueandlaborexpenses(施救费用）:theresponsibilityoftheassuredtoacttokeepinsuredlossataminimumB.Salvagecharges（救助费用）:compensationpaidfortherescueofaship,itscargoesorpassengersfromalossatsea8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.4TypesofCoverage保险险别1.FreefromParticularAverage(FPA平安险)Itprovidescoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaverage

2.WithParticularAverage（WPA）Itprovidesextensivecoveragainstalllossordamageduetomarineperilsthroughoutthedurationofpolicy;itprotectthedamagefromseawatercausedby“heavyweather”.3.AllRisksTheinsurerisresponsibleforalltotalorpartiallossof,ordamagetothegoodsinsuredeitherarisingfromseaperilsorgeneralexternalcuases8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.4TypesofCoverage保险险别4.GeneralAdditionalRisksItcovers11risksincludingTPND(theft,pilferage,andnon-delivery),freshwaterandraindamage,riskofshortage,riskofintermixtureandcontamination,riskofleakage,riskofclashandbreakage,riskofodor,hookdamage,damagecausedbysweatingandheating,breakageofpacking,riskofrust.5.SpecialAdditionalRisksSpecialadditionalriskscoversomelossduetopolitical,military,governmentalpolicyandmanyotherspecialreasons.8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.5TypesofPolicy(保单类别）1.Proposalform:isalsocalledapplicationform2.Covernote:isalsocalledtemporarycovernotewhichisaproofexistsbeforetheinsurerissuesaformalpolicy.3.Insurancecertificate（保险凭证）:isasimplifiedinsurancecontract.4.Insurancepolicy（保险单）:isformallydrawnupandprintedbytheinsurerwhichisaformalwritteninsurancecontract.5.Openpolicy(opencover):Marine

cargoinsurance

thatprovides

blanket

cover

againstlossor

damage

toall

goods

transportedbyaspecific

carrier,orbyaspecific

shipper,duringastated

period.Underitsterms,the

insured

is

required

toperiodically

providethe

insurer

withthe

description,

quantity,and

value

ofgoodsshippedduringthatperiod.Alsocalled

opencover.8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.6PremiumAgeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis1%.Itisaffectedbyfollowingfactors:A.TypesofriskscoveredB.TypesofgoodsC.CountryanddistanceD.ValueofgoodsE.ModeoftransportF.Containerorbread-bulkshipmentG.Typesofpacking8.2MarineCargoInsurance8.2.7InsuranceClaimsandExclusion1.Insuranceclaimarevalidwithintwoyears2.Exclusions:A.DeliberateactorfaultoftheinsuredB.LossesfallingundertheliabilityoftheconsignorC.InferiorqualityorshortageintheconsignmentbeforetheinsurancetakeseffectD.Lossesarisingfromthenaturalloss,inherentvieormatureoftheinsuredgoodsE.Risksandliabilitiescoveredandexcludedbythewarrisksclausesandstrike,riot,civilcommotion.8.3InsuranceClausesinSalesandPurchasingContractItisnecessarytospecifythefollowingclauses:A.whichpartyistoeffecttheinsuranceB.howmuchtheinsuredamountistobeC.typeofinsurancecoverageD.whetherinsura