中考英语语法：非谓语动词

非谓语动词

•非谓语动词

如果动状词想承担谓语以外的功能，就需要发生形式变化，这种形式发生了变化的动状词被

称为非谓语动词。

四种非谓语动词

名称形式词性-非动词功能（充当什么成分）-非谓语

动名词doingn.主、宾、补

现在分词doingadj.补、定

adv.状

过去分词doneadj.补、定

adv.状

不定式todon.主、宾、补

adj.补、定

adv.状

・动名词：dong

词性功能例句

n.主语Collectingstampsismyhobby.

Smokingisn'tallowedinpublicplaces.

宾语1enjoysingingverymuch.

1preferstayingrthometogoingout.

补语（表语）Myfavoritepastimeisreading.

Hisfavoriteactivityisswimming.

注意:

1）形式主语（动名词作主语时，可用it替代动名词的主语位置，it被成为形式主语，而真

正的主语则被后置）

e.g.Itisnousemakingexcusesforthis.

◎动名词与普通名词的比较

不同：普通名词强调“抽象概念”；动名词强调“动作过程”（暗示动作、持续）。

e.g.Letmebuyyouadrink.（我请你喝一杯。）

Drinkingishisonlyvice.（喝酒是他唯一的坏习惯。）

Iamnotafraidofdeath,butIamscaredofdying.

（死亡我倒不怕，只是怕死的过程。）

相同：可加冠词；有复数；有所有格；可加定语修饰

e.g.Theburningofsometreescanhelpthetrees'growth.

Therearetwoweddingsattherestauranttonight.

Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?

中考英语选择题

Theengineerswillkeeptheprojectwiththemanagerofthecompany.

A)discussB)discussedC)discussingD)todiscuss

•不定式：(forsb/ofsb)todo

词性功能例句

n.主语Tofinishthehomeworkinhalfanhourisnotthateasy.

Totellthndifferencebetweenthesetwowordsisdifficultforus.

宾语Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgateat5o'clock.

Kdliketobuyanewpostcards.

补语（表语）Mywishistobeadocto门nthefuture.

Theboy'sdreamistosailhisbortaroundtheworld.

adj.补语Tomadvisesmetoseethedoctorassoonaspossible.

Myfatherexpectsmetoworkinthiscompanyaftergraduation.

定语Heisthefirsttocome.

Itistheonlychanceformetowintheicme.

Amygivesmeabooktoread.

adv.状语1followhimtogotothetopofthehill.

1amsorrytobreakthewindowoftheclassroom.

注意：

1)形式主语(动词不定式作主语时，可用it替代不定式的主语位置，it被成为形式主语,

而真正的主语则被后置)

Itis+adj.+(forsb/ofsb)todosth

Itisdifficultforustotellthedifferencebetweenthesetwowords.

Ittakessb...todosth

Ittookmefivehourstofinishthistask.

2)形式宾语(动词不定式作宾语时，可用it替代不定式的宾语位置，it被成为形式宾语,

而真正的宾语则被后置)

think/find/makeit+adj.+(forsb/ofsb)todosth

Ifinditdifficultformetoworkoutthisproblem.

3)用“疑问词+不定式”充当句子成分

whattodo

when/how/why/whotodosth

Couldyoutellmewhattodonow?(=CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddonow?)

Wehaven'tdecidedwhatpresenttochoose.(=Wehaven'tdecidedwhatpresentwewill

choose.)

CanyoutellmewhentovisitmyEnglishteacher?(=CanyoutellmewhenIcanvisitmy

Englishteacher?)

4)不带to的不定式

①使役动词后跟不带to的不定式

makesbdosth

letsbdosth

havesbdosth

e.g.Theteachermadethelittlegirlstaybehind.

②表示感官感知的动词跟不带to的不定式

see/notice/watch/hear/feelsbdosth

e.g.Iheardhercryoutinpain.

一为什么to要省略？

不定式和情态助动词一样，带有不确定的语气：

e.g.Heareright.（他是对的）

Hemayberight.（他可能是对的）

Heseemstoberight.（他好像是对的）

试比较使役动词和一般动词的区别：

Thelittlegirlaskedhermothertocometothemeeting.（不确定）

->Thelittlegirlaskedifhermotherwouldcometothemeeting.（不确定）

Theteachermadethelittlegirlstaybehind.（强制性）

感官动词这种“听到、看到”的字眼，只能配合实际发生的事使用，而

不能和带有“不确、未发生”含义的不定式连用。

中考英语选择题

Doctorstellusourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal.

A)washB)washedC)washingD)towash

◎不定式与动名词的比较

不定式todo：强调不确定性，可以表示“要做、去做、将做”

动名词doing：强调持续性，可以表示“正在做”

几组代表性的动词：

1.plan

Theyplantomarrynextmonth.

->Theyplanthattheywillmarrynextmonth.

2.avoid

Iavoidmakingthesamemistaketwice.

(tomake是willmake的省略)

3.hate

Ihatetosaythis,butthisistheworstfood.

(tosay<-havetosay<-mustsay)

4.like/dislike

Iliketobethefirst.(tobe<-Icanbe)

Idon'tliketowaittoolong.(towait<-Iwillwait)

Idislikestandinginlonglines.

(dislike本身是否定,后面不适合接Iwillstandinlonglines,且不像hate,没有“haveto”

的暗示。)

5.try

Ialwaystrytobeontime.(tobeontime<-Icanbeontime)

Iwantedtoclearthesmokefromtheroom,soItriedopeningthedoor.

6.remember

Pleaseremembertogivemeawake-upcallat6:00tomorrow.

(=Pleaserememberyoumustgiveawake-upcallat6:00tomorrow.)

Iremembercallingherat6:00lastnight.

(=PleaserememberthatIcalledherlastnight.)

7.stop

Thespeakerstoppedtalkingatthesecondbell,(talking<-hewastalking)

Thespeakerstoppedasecondtodrinksomewater.(todrink<-hecoulddrink)

(=Thespeakerstoppedasecondsothathecoulddrinksomewater.)

【跟不定式todo的词】

advice,afford,agree,allow,ask,begin,hope,decide,discuss,expect,

encourage,fail,invite,know,learn,like,manage,makeupone'smindtodo,

offer;plan,promise,refuse,start,tell,teach,want,warn,wish,wouldlike

【要跟do的词】

havesbdo,makesbdo,letsbdo

wouldratherdosth

hadbetterdosth(thando)

can'tbutdo

donothingbutdo

havenothingtodobutdo

whydo?whynotdo?

helpsb(to)do

【跟动名词doing的词】

admit,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,go,imagine,keep,mind,practice,prefer,

suggest,beworth,bebusy,begoodat,be/getusedto,beusedfor,dowellin,

dosome...,goon,giveup,feellike,keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth,pay

attentionto,lookforwardto,preferdoingsthtodoingsth,spend...(in)doing

sth,whatabout,howabout,Thankyoufor...

◎即可接不定式又可接动名词，且意思差别较大的动词

stopdoingsth停止做某事，即停止正在做的事

stoptodosth停止正在做的事，然后去做另外一件事

rememberdoingsth记得已经做过某件事

remembertodosth记得要去做某件事

forgetdoingsth忘记已做过的事

forgettodosth忘记要去做的事

trydoingsth尝试着做某事

trytodosth尽力做某事

goondoingsth继续做某事，即继续做目前在做的事

goontodosth在完成某事后继续去做另一件事

中考英语选择题

1remember________thebooktothelibrary,soyoucanborrowitthere.

A)returnB)returningC)toreturnD)returned

1willremember________thebooktothelibraryintwoweeks.

A)returnB)returningC)toreturnD)returned

・现在分词：dong

词性功能例句

adj.定语Thisisaninterestingstory.

补语（表语）Thestoryisinteresting.

1sawhimcrossingthestreet.

adv.状语1willgoshoppingthisafternoon.

1haveagoodtimeplayingwithyou.

1can'thelpthinkingofit.

・过去分词：done

词性功能例句

adj.定语Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.

补语（表语）1aminterestedinhistory.

1gotthattoothpulledout.

Hehadhisarmbrokeninanaccident.

adv.状语Woundedinthewar,thesoldierwassenthome.

◎现在分词与过去分词的比较

现在分词表示“主动、进行”

过去分词表示“被动、完成”

e.g.

Heisdisappointedathisscores.他对分数很失望。（被动）

Hisscoresaredisappointing.他的分数令人失望。（主动）

Isawthefallenleavesontheground.我看到了地面地面上的落叶。（完成）

Isawthefallingleavesintheair.我看到了在空中正在掉落的树叶。（进行）

注意：see/hear/notice/watch/feel等词后接不定式和动名词也有区别：

seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事

seesbdosth看见某人做了或经常做某事

中考英语选择题

WealwayshearTonyinthenextroom.

A)singB)singingC)tosingD)sang

WeheardTonyinthenextroomamomentago.

A)singB)singingC)tosingD)sang

・非谓语动词的否定形式：直接在非谓语动词前加not

e・g・

TheteacheroftentellsJimandJohnnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.

Thedoctoradvisedmenottosmoke.

中考英语选择题

Yesterdaymorning1gotupearly_______belatefortheexam.

A)inordertoB)inordertonotC)soasnottoD)soasto

【习题解析】

()1.Moreandmoreparentsexpecttheirchildrenoncomputersless.

A.dependB.todependC.dependingD.depends

()2.TheRedCrossisalwaysthefirsthelptothevictimswhenadisaster

happens.

A.provideB.providingC.toprovideD.toproviding

()3.Torememberthingsaccurately,wedon'tallowotherthoughtsourmind.

A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered

()4.Ourmonitorhasmadeuphismindabasketballmatchafterthefinalexam.

A.organizingB.organizeC.organizedD.toorganize

()5.InordertoactinthefilmBlackSwan,NataliePortmanpractisedforalong

time.

A.danceB.dancedC.dancingD.todance

【真题演练】

I.Choosethebestanswer(选择最恰当的答案)

()1.Peoplearelookingforwardtobigchangesinthenearfuture.

A.seeB.sawC.seeingD.seen

()2.Thecaringfatherseemseverythingabouthischildren.(2017黄浦区一模卷)

A.knowB.knowingC.toknowD.toknowing

()3.Mr.Drakecalled5minutesago.He'dlikeyournephewhisfence.(2017普陀区

一模卷)

A.fixB.fixesC.tofixD.fixed

()4.Yesterdaythefunnyshortplaymadetheaudienceinthetheater.

A.laughB.tolaughC.wouldlaughD.laughed

()5.Travellingprovidesmewithfunandenablesmetheworlddeeply.(2017浦东

新区一模卷)

A.understandB.understoodC.tounderstandD.understanding

()6.Don'tbeafraidofquestionsifyoudon'tunderstandwhatI'vetaughtintoday's

lesson.(2017徐汇区一模卷)

A.raiseB.raisedC.raisingD.toraise

()7.Thelittlegirlrefusedthemedicinebecauseitwastoobitter.(2018虹口区一模

卷)

A.takeB.takingC.totakingD.totake

()8.MyparentsexpectmeakeyschoolafterIgraduatefromjuniorhighschool.

A.enteredB.enteringC.toenterD.enter

()9.Thesupermodelkeptcalmlythoughherfeetwereseriouslyhurt.(2018崇明

区一模卷)

A.towalkB.walkingC.walkedD.walk

()10.Itisrelaxingashowerafteraday'shardwork.(2018普陀区一模卷)

A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken

()11.Pansymadeapromiseanarticleondetectives.(2018松江区一模卷)

A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.wrote

()12.Manyyoungpeoplespendmuchoftheirsparetimeonline.(2018奉贤区一

模卷)

A.chatB.tochatC.chattingD.chatted

()13.Theweatherreporthaswarnedpeopleoutdoorexerciseinhazyweather.

(2018静安区一模卷)

A.notdoB.tonotdoC.nottodoD.notdoing

()14.Thedrunkdriverdidn/tremembertheoldladyafterbeingcaught.(2018静安

区一模卷)

A.knockdownB.toknockdownC.knockingdownD.knockeddown

()15.Maryasked,"Wouldyoumindmythewindow?"(2018宝山区一模卷)

A.openB.toopenC.openedD.opening

)16.WeareverydelightedyouhereinShanghai.(2018宝山区一模卷)

A.tomeetB.metC.meetDmeeting

()17.Thestudentsplantospendatleastthreeweeksfortheartfestival.(2018金

山区一模卷)

A.prepareB.toprepareC.preparingD.willprepare

()18.Allthefactoriesarenotallowedtheharmfulgasintotheair.(2018金山区一

模卷)

A.releasedB.releaseC.releasingD.torelease

()19.Theorganizationisconsideringsomemoneytothevictimsofthenatural

disaster.

A.donateB.donatingC.todonateD.todonating

()20.MumalwaystellsmeanyfoodwhenIhavedinnerathome.(2019宝山区一

模卷)

A.nottowasteB.don'twasteC.notwasteD.tonotwaste

()21.It'sterriblyhotinthisroom.Wouldyoumindthewindowabitmore?(2019

崇明区一模卷)

A.openB.openingC.toopenD.toopening

()22.Parentsshouldoftenencouragetheirchildrenmorebooksintheirfreetime.

(2019崇明区一模卷)

A.readB.readingC.toreadD.toreading

()23.Nowadays,youreallyrequirealotoftalentandhardworksuccess.(2019奉

贤区一模卷)

A.achievingB.toachieveC.achieveD.achieved

()24.TheeffectivewayofimprovingspokenEnglishisitasoftenaspossible(2019

嘉定区一模卷)

A.speakB.spokenC.tospeakD.tospeaking

()25.Ourdutyatschoolistryingandlearnbyheat.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.keptD.keep

()26.TheChinaRailwayTunedGrouphasspentthreeyearsthattunnelin

Uzbekistan.(2019金山区一模卷)

A.tobuildB.builtC.buildingD.build

()27.Asasoldier,Johnsonhadnochoicebuthiscaptain'sorders.(2019静安区——

模卷)

A.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyedD.obeying

()28.Mr.Jonesexpectedtheinsurancecompanyhim$300,000forthevase(2019

闵行区一模卷)

A.topayB.payC.paidD.paying

()29Thenewlybuiltundergroundlineenablespeopletheretheislandinlessthan

anhour.(2019浦东新区一模卷)

AtoreachB.reachedC.reachD.reaching

()30.Mynephewhasdecidedanonlineshopaftergraduatingfromschool

(2019松江区一模卷)

A.openB.toopenC.openedD.opening

()31Theheadmasterhadthestudentstheirowndecisionaboutthenameand

differentsectionsoftheschoolnewspaper.(2019嘉定区二模卷)

A.tomakeB.makeC.makingD.made

()32JoehasdecidedthecomingsummerholidaywithhisfamilyinXinjang.(201金

山区二模卷)

A.spendB.spentC.tospendD.spending

()33.BeforegoingtoCenturyPark,theteachertoldherstudentsrules.(2019静安

区二模卷)

A.followB.tofollowC.followingD.followed

)34.Whileyouliveinmyhouse,Iexpectyoutherules.(2019闵行区二模卷)

A.tofollowB.followC.followingD.followed

()35.Themanageroftensuggestsonbothsidesofthepaperinordertosave

resources.(2019浦东新区二模卷)

A.writeB.writesC.writingD.towrite

()36.Therewasalotoftraffic,butDanandhisfriendsmanagedattheairportin

time.(2019普陀区二模卷)

A.arriveB.arrivedC.toarriveD.arriving

()37.Theheadmasterhaspromisedintothematterandgiveusareplyinacouple

ofdays.(2019青浦区二模卷)

A.tolookB.lookC.lookingD.looked

()38.Lilyrefusedherdaughtertotheafter-schooltrainingcentreforextraclasses.

(2019松江区二模卷)

A.tosendB.sendingC.sentD.send

()39.Accordingtothegovernment,airqualitykeeps.

A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.improved

()40.Windowsinthedininghallallowgueststhewholecookingprocess.(徐汇区

二模卷)

A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.seen

()41Mymumalwaysavoidshomefromworkat5p.m.asthere'ssomuchtraffic

then.(2019杨浦区二模卷)

A.travelB.travellingC.totravelD.totravelling

)42.Ourdecisionforsomedrinkmadeuslateforthetrain.(2019杨浦区二模卷)

A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.tostopping

()43.Thecarelessdriverfailedtheothercarintime,whichcausedaterrible

accident.(2020崇明区一模卷)

A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.saw

()44.AnyoneisrequiredthepasswordwhenhewantstousetheWi-Fi.

A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.enters

()45