2025届高考英语一轮总复习派生词教师用书教案北师大版

PAGE1-其次部分语法专题Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorly(poor)studied.解析：此处修饰过去分词studied，因此应用副词形式，故答案为poorly。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinally(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.解析：本空修饰动词havebeenacknowledged，故应用副词finally。3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)“...Wearesoproudofher.It'swonderful(wonder)．”解析：依据句子结构可知，本空在系动词is后作表语，故应用形容词wonderful。4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmanytraditional(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugely(huge)popularwithtourists.解析：形容词修饰名词，依据空格后的stories可知，空1处应填形容词形式，故填traditional。副词修饰形容词，依据空格后的popular可知，空2处应填副词形式，故填hugely。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.解析：decrease“降低，削减”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。6．(2024·浙江卷)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtheriseinweight(weigh)problems.解析：依据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic(energy)．解析：依据句子结构可知，此处应当运用与其前的cheap,easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.解析：此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption，意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”，故用其形容词形式global作定语。9．(2024·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.解析：依据语境可知此处作表语，所以要用形容词形式。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.解析：此处用副词作状语修饰系动词is。11．(2024·浙江卷)Recently(recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.解析：此处考查时间副词作状语，故填Recently。12．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithhereducation(educate)．解析：前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应当运用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。13．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction(attract)．解析：此处作表语且前面由itstop修饰，应当用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。14．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthedevelopment(develop)ofchopsticks.解析：依据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需填develop的名词形式development。15．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解析：此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，分析句子结构可知，应当运用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。16．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly(regular)．解析：此处须要用副词修饰动词短语“takeshortbreaks”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmalleresting→_interested解析：interesting“好玩的”；interested“感爱好的”。becomeinterestedin“对……感爱好”。2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.coolly→cool解析：本句中looked意为“看起来”，为系动词，故应用形容词cool作表语。3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.amazing→amazed解析：beamazedat意为“对……感到惊异”。4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.ordinarily→ordinary解析：形容词修饰名词，cafe为名词，故此处应用形容词修饰名词，故把ordinarily改为ordinary。5．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.happily→happy解析：动词felt在此处是系动词，意为“觉得，感觉”，其后应当运用形容词happy作表语。6．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden解析：此处须要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.steady→steadily解析：谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增加”，此处应当运用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。growsteadily意为“稳定地增长”。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.freely→free解析：此处须要用形容词作表语。befreefromthem“摆脱他们”。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.honest→honesty解析：依据句意和结构可知，此处应当运用名词形式。eq\a\vs4\al(考点1名词与其他词类的词形转化)1．动词变名词的后缀(1)­al表示人、物、行为：(特别：去e＋­al)approve赞成→approval赞成survive幸存→survival幸存arrive到达→arrival到达refuse拒绝→refusal拒绝propose提议→proposal提议；建议(2)­ance/­ence表示性质、状态或行为appear出现→appearance出现；外貌perform表演→performance表演exist存在→existence存在prefer较喜爱→preference偏爱refer参考；查阅→reference参考；查阅depend依靠→dependence依靠；依靠*guide指引→guidance引导；指导(3)­ion/­tion/­ation表示状态或行为direct指挥；指导→direction方向；指导expect期盼→expectation期盼；期望*explain说明→explanation说明invite邀请→invitation邀请；请柬solve解决→solution解决compete竞争→competition竞赛；竞争pronounce发音→pronunciation发音describe描述→description描写*repeat重复→repetition重复(4)­s(s)ion表示行为或状态discuss探讨→discussion探讨admit承认→admission承认；准许加入*decide确定→decision确定(5)­ing具有……(特征)的hear听→hearing听力；听觉listen听→listening听；听力*begin起先→beginning起先部分(6)­ment表示行为、结果等achieve达到；完成→achievement成就develop发展→development发展*(去e)argue争辩→argument争辩；论据(7)­ure/­ture表示行为或状态fail失败→failure失败press压；挤→pressure压力mix混合→mixture混合物*expose暴露→exposure面临；暴露(8)­y表示……的动作(或过程)recover复原→recovery复原；痊愈discover发觉→discovery发觉*其他常见改变：choose选择→choice选择vary相异→variety多样化；品种tend倾向→tendency趋向；趋势grow生长→growth生长marry结婚→marriage婚姻carry搬→carriage客车厢；运输pack整理(行李)→package包；盒post邮寄→postage邮资；邮费store贮存→storage贮存2．形容词变名词的后缀(1)­age集合short短的→shortage不足；短缺(2)­cy表示性质、状态fluent流利→fluency流利；流畅accurate精确的→accuracy精确(性)private私有的→privacy隐私efficient效率高的→efficiency效率(3)­dom表示地位、状况等free自由的→freedom自由wise明智的→wisdom才智(4)­ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱kind友好的→kindness和善cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠aware知道的；意识到的→awareness知道；意识(5)­th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm暖和的→warmth暖和true真的→truth真相*deep深的→depth深(度)strong强壮的→strength力气long长的→length长度wide宽的→width宽度(6)­y/­ity表示性质或状态difficult困难的→difficulty困难honest诚恳的→honesty诚恳*safe平安的→safety平安cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍responsible负责的→responsibility责任(7)­ent变为­ence，­ant变为­ance，­nd变为­nsedifferent不同的→difference不同(之处)silent缄默的；不说话的→silence宁静respond回应→response响应patient有耐性的→patience耐性absent缺席的→absence缺席present出席的→presence出席confident自信的→confidence信念convenient便利的→convenience便利important重要的→importance重要(性)defend防卫；保卫→defense/defence防卫；爱护eq\a\vs4\al(考点2形容词、副词后缀)1．名词或动词转化为形容词的规律类别例词词尾加­ycloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy词尾加­(e)dgift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced词尾加­ful/­lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,home→homeless,colour→colourful,use→useless/useful,thank→thankful,peace→peaceful词尾加­ablecomfort→comfortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable词尾加­ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous词尾加­ce变为­tconfidence→confident,difference→different续表类别例词词尾加­almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional词尾加­lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,loved→lovely词尾加­enwood→wooden,wool→woolen其他常见改变energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加­y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加­y(如noise→noisy、ice→icy等)动词词尾加­tiveattract→attractive，talk→talktive，prevent→preventive2.区分­ed形容词与­ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(­ing)，还是“感到……”(­ed)；其次，看语境说明的是性质特征(­ing)，还是感受(­ed)。详细如下：(1)­ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。Thestoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很好玩。(故事本身好玩)。Themanisveryinteresting.这个人很好玩。(人本身或人的性格好玩)(2)­ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)、feeling(感觉)、appearance(外貌)、cry(哭)、face(面部表情)、voice(声音)、mood(心情)、look(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满足的微笑。(apleasedsmile意为“满足的微笑”，指某人因感到满足而露出的微笑)Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以特别激烈的声音告知了我这个消息。(averyexcitedvoice意为“很激烈的声音”，指某人因感到激烈而发出的声音)3．形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词形容词＋后缀­lyclear→clearly,great→greatly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly,sincere→sincerely以辅音字母­y结尾的形容词，把y变为i再加­lyhappy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,heavy→heavily,noisy→noisily续表类别例词词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加­yterrible→terribly,possible→possibly,gentle→gently,probable→probably,comfortable→comfortably,responsible→responsibly,suitable→suitably词尾为­ue的形容词，去掉e再加­lytrue→truly词尾为­ll的形容词，干脆加­yfull→fully,dull→dully词尾为­ic的形容词，加­allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically,specific→specifically,automatic→automaticallyⅠ.单句语法填空1．Theyhadbothbeensentencedtodeath(die)．2．Thegirlthenplantsakissonthegrassinaheart­warmingshowofaffection(affect)．3．Myapplication(apply)wassuccessfulandIspentanenjoyablemonthlearningfilm­making.4．Perhapshecanmakehisfortune(fortunate)atfootball.5．Ireallyneededsnow,becauseitwasgoodformyrecovery(recover)．6．Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.Unfortunately(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.7．Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeisuseless(use)．8．Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.Ⅱ.单句改错1．DisappointingasIfeltattheshabbycampusandthepoorly­equippedclassroom,Ifoundtheteacherspatient.Disappointing→Disappointed2．Similar,peopleprefermoviesthatreflecttheirmood.Similar→Similarly3．Whilehavinganoperation,shehadanearlydeathexperience.nearly→near4．Ihavereadlotsofinspiredstoriesofkindness.inspired→inspiring5．Inordertomakemyselfunderstood,Itoldhimhowtogothereasclearaspossible.clear→clearly6．First,wemustbefriendlyandkindly.kindly→kind7．I'mlookingforwardtoyourkindreplyatyourearliestconvenient.convenient→convenience8．Evenclosestfriendshavequarrels,sodon'ttakeittooserious.serious→seriouslyⅢ.语法填空ChinesePresidentXiJinpinghaspraisedagroupofmiddleschoolstudentsfortheireffortsinsatellitedesign.Hesaidhewaspleasedwiththeircuriosityandbraveryin__1__(science)exploration.ThepresidentalsowishedtheteachersandstudentsinBayiSchool__Ximadethepraiseinaletter__3__(write)tothestudentsinBeijing'sBayiSchoolonSaturday.Asmallsatellitedesignedanddevelopedbythem__4__(send)intospacelastWednesdayatTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenter__Threemonthsago,Xireturnedto__6__(he)highschool,tovisitalaboratoryandtalktoteachersandstudents__7__weredesigningthesmallsatellite.Thepresidentsaidhewas__8__(extreme)gladtoknowthatthesatellitedesignedbythestudentswouldbelaunchedandcalledonthemtobecome__9__(build)ofthecountry.Xiwarmlyencouragedthestudents__10__(study)scienceandcontributetothedevelopmentofChina.Hehopedthatthestudentswouldkeephungryforknowledgeanddeveloptheirnationalspirit.本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国国家主席习近平赞扬了一群中学生在卫星设计方面所做的努力。1．scientific解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词exploration，用形容词形式。2．a解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。3．written解析：考查非谓语动词。letter与write之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。4．was_sent解析：考查动词的时态和语态。依据句中时间状语lastWednesda