江苏省2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考试模拟试卷03含解析

PAGEPAGE25江苏省2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考试模拟试卷03（含解析）总分：120分；考试时间100分钟一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请仔细阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEnglishlearnersshouldnotthinkthatmistakesarebad.AlexPoole,aprofessorofEnglishatWesternKentuckyUniversity,advisesthatlanguagelearnersshouldinsteadseeerrorsassignsofprogress.OnecommonproblemisthatEnglishlearnersthinktoomuchabouterrorsinsteadofcommunication."Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpracticalterms.Ifyouhaveanerror,theonlytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadstomisunderstanding,"Poolesaid.PoolesaidwhenspeakingwithanativeEnglishspeaker,youcanlookforsignsofconfusiontodetecterrors.Forexample,whenapersongivesanunusualresponsetosomethingyousaid,youcanthenaskthemdirectlywhattheproblemis.Italsoworksifyouaskanativespeakeraboutthekindsofthingsthatyousaythatcouldcausecommunicationproblemsifyouknowhimwell.Whenitcomestowriting,Poolerecommendsthinkingabouterrorsinadifferentway.Hesuggestskeepingalistofcommonerrors.WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,insteadofgrammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.Thenheadvisesthinkingabouthowtoputthoseideasinorder.Afterfinishingit,youcangobackanduseyourlisttolookforerrors.“Myphilosophyasalanguagelearnerhasalwaysbeen..I'mgoingtomonitormyerrors,butI'mnevergoingtobeperfect,sothatshouldn'tbotherme.ButIshouldlookforthingswhichcausecommunicationproblems,andIjusthavetolivewiththat."YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole'snewbookLearningaForeignLanguage-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,healsowritesaboutstudyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.1．Englishlearnersshouldworryabouterrorswhen________A．theymisusepracticalterms.B．theydon'tknownativespeakers.C．mistakesbecomesignsofslowprogress.D．errorscausecommunicationbreakdown.2．WhatshouldEnglishlearnersconsiderfirstinwritingaccordingtoPoole?A．Grammars. B．Mainideas.C．Details. D．Wordchoice.3．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainbasicrules.C．Toofferpracticaladvice. D．Torecommendaprofessor.BHavingamicrochipimplantedinaman'sbrainmaybecommoninsci-fimovieplots,butitmaysoonbecomeanactualpossibility.ElonMusk-aUStechtycoon,founderofSpaceX-hasbeenworkingonthistechnology.OnAug28,Muskgaveadisplayofthechip,whichwasimplantedintotheheadofapignamedGertrude.Thechip,developedbyMusk'scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin.Butdon'tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes（电极）attachedtoflexiblethreads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神经元）.Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers,accordingtoMSN.ThatenabledresearcherstomonitorGertrude'sbrainactivitywhileshewaswalkingaroundinthedisplay.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystage,itisencouragingforhumans.Thistechnologywouldsolvealotofbraininjuriesandisessentia]forAlsymbiosis,whichwillallowthehumanbraintocombinewithanartificialintelligence.Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilitydifficulties.Muskhopesthistechnologycanalsobeusedtohelpthosewithhearingandeyesightissues.Althoughsuchadevicecouldrepairthoseproblems,puttingitintopracticeisbynomeansapieceofcake.Currently,thedevicecantransmitsignalsfromabout500neuronsinthepig'sbrain.Comparedto80billionneuronsinahumanbrain,thisnumberistiny.Andtocoverthewholehumanbrainalsomeanstheelectrodeshavetobemuchsmaller.Also,implantingthechipintothebrainposesapotentialdanger.Thereisariskoftheimmunesystemattackingthisforeignbody.Rightnow,thehopeofcontrollingthebrainviacontrollingafewneuronsseemsoverlyoptimistic."Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges...toovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanputitsdevicestothepurposes,"YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.4．WhatdoweknowaboutElonMusk'smicrochip?A．Itwasinspiredbysci-fimovieplots.B．Itisabletocollectwirelesssignals.C．Itistinyinsizebutpowerfulinfunction.D．Ithasbeenimplantedintoahuman'sbrain.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inParagraph3referto?A．TheoperationofthechipinGertrude’sbrain.B．Theattachmentofelectrodestoflexiblethreads.C．ThedevelopmentofneuronsinsideGertrude'sbrain.D．Thetransmissionofsignalsfromanearbycomputer6．Whatisthemajortargetofthemicrochip?A．Tomonitoranimals’brainactivity.B．Tohelppeoplewithmobilityissues.C．Todevelopacureforimmunesystemproblems.D．TocontributetotheresearchonAltechnologies.7．HowdoesYuanLanfengfeelaboutimplantingthechipintothehumanbrain?A．Worried. B．Excited. C．Optimistic. D．Challenged.COnceuponatime,sciencefictionwasjustastyleamongotherstyles.Therewerecrimestories,therewerehorrorstories,therewasliteraryfiction,andtherewassciencefiction.Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.Anditsnotjustbooks.Witheverysecondmovieandcomputergamehavingasci-fielement,sciencefictionseemstohavecontrolledourentireentertainmentculture.It'sclearthatifwewanttodefinesciencefiction,weshouldrelateittotherolethatscienceplaysinourlives.Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.Factorieswithvastmachinesturnedouthugequantitiesofgoods,whichweretransportedbytrains,motorvehiclesandshipsallovertheworld.Citieswerebuiltonthebackoftechnology,withelectricityinhomesandhospitalshelpingeveryonetoleadhealthier,moreconvenientlives.Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.Writersbegantodescribethesechangingphysicalandmentallandscapes,eventuallygivingsciencefictionalargeanddevotedfanbaseofespeciallyyoungreaders,whofoundthatitspoketotheircuriosityaboutthefuturethatsciencewouldcreate.Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“littlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.Giventhatscience,technologyandpolitiesarealwaysintertwined,contemporarysciencefictionoftenhasagreatdealtosayaboutpower.Manyrecentnovels-likeAmericanCoryDoctorow'sLittleBrother（2008）-areconcernedwithgovernmentandsecurityservice“conspiracies（阴谋）”againstthepeople,particularlyastherevelationsofwhistleblowerslikeEdwardSnowdensinkin.Thiscangivesci-fiwritinga“skeptical（怀疑的）”feel.Thisunderlinesoneofthefeaturesthatremainsconstantbetweenthebeginningsoftheempireofsciencefictionanditsstatetoday.Asthen,sonow:Wewanttoreadabouthowfearfulthefuturewillbe,nothowitwillbeaparadise.8．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.A．sciencefictionusedtotaketheleadershipinliteratureB．horrorstoryandliteraryfictionhaveinitiatedsciencefictionC．modernfictionreflectstheinfluenceofsciencefictionD．sciencefictionisthedominantliteraturestyleatpresenttime9．Whatcausedsciencefictiontoappearinthe19thcentury?A．Thecuriosityofyoungreadersaboutthefuture.B．Thechangesthattheindustrialrevolutionbroughtabout.C．People'sstretchedimaginationaffectedbytheirreallife.D．People'sfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.10．Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheearlysciencefiction?A．Itarousedpeople'scuriosityofscienceondailylife.B．Itintensifiedpeople'sworriesaboutthesocialproblems.C．Itpromotedpeople'sunderstandingofthetruevalueofscience.D．Itconveyedanatmosphereofimaginaryanxietiestopeople.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Despitethecontent,thethemeofsciencefictionremainsthesame.B．Thefearofouterspaceattackhaslongbeenaworryamongpeopleoftimes.C．Theappearanceofsciencefictionhascausedmisunderstandingamongpeople.D．Sciencefictionisweakeninggovernmentpowerimplementedonpeople.DAmericanwriterA．N.DEVERSwasatarare-bookfairinNewYorkCityin2015whenshenoticedaJoanDidiontitlesellingforjust$25.ThenshesawthepricetagofanovelbytheequallyfamousCormacMcCarthy:about$600.“Irealizedwedon’tvaluewomen’sworkthesamewaywedomen’s,”Deverssays.“It’sdepressing.Butit’salsoexciting,becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”Threeyearslater,aftermovingtoLondonandjoiningtheU.K.’sboomingrare-booktrade,Deversopenedthereddoorsofhernewbookstore,theSecondShelf.LocatedinaquietcourtyardoffthebusystreetsofLondon’sSoho,thestorealmostexclusivelystocksrarebooksbywomen(alongsideahandfulofmale-authoredbooksaboutwomen).Thefocusismodernfiction:ElizabethBowennovels,romancesbyRosamundePilcher,poetrybyNtozakeShange.Devers’skillforfindingoverlookedjewelswaspolishedduringachildhoodofVisitstoyardsalesintownsacrosstheU.S.,aresultofherfamily’sfollowingherfather’sAirForcejob.Someofhermostsought-afterrecentfindswereworksbyMiriamTlali,thefirstblackwomantopublishanovelinSouthAfrica.Devershitonher1975debutinacharitystoreandquicklysourcedandsold15moreTlalibooks.Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethathasallowedwomen’sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.Bookdealershavetendedtobemen;muchofthetrade’searlymaterialwascollectedby“countrygentlemenwhoranestatesandamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,”Deverssays.Shearguesthatthey’vebeenliketheirpeersinothermale-ledcreativeindustries—includingtelevision,filmandthenewsmedia—inthat“theyfocusonthemselves.”Thatpastcontributestoaplainabsenceofwomen’sworkamongthebooksconsideredtobevaluableculturalobjects.InJanuary,theSecondShelfwentviral(走红)onTwitterafterDeverspointedoutthatonlyninebooksbywomenappearedinalist,producedbyatradewebsite,ofthe500biggestsalesatauctioninthebooks-and-paperfieldlastyear.Evenamongmorerecentlypublishedworks,a2024studyfound,titlesbywomenareonaveragepriced45%lowerthanbooksbymen.Inrecentyears,callshavegoneouttoreadonlybooksbywomenforayearandforuniversitiestoexpandtheircurriculums.TheobservanceofWomen’sHistoryMonthintheU.S.hasalsomadeMarchatimeforpublisherstosuggestfittingreadinglists.Devers’shopisthephysicalsiteofthatmovementchallengingthecurrentsituation.“We’vebeentaughttofindvalueinsomethingreallynarrow,”shesays.“It’stimetoexploresomethingdifferent.”12．Thefirstparagraphtellsthereaders_________.A．whyDeversnamedhershoptheSecondShelfB．howDeverswasexposedtorarebooktradeC．whatmotivatedDeverstoopentheSecondShelfD．whereDeversfirstcameacrosswomen’sliteraryworks13．Theunderlinedword“eclipse”inthefourthparagraphmeans_________.A．fullyexposedB．partiallyconcealedC．seriouslytreatedD．roughlyexplained14．Whichmayexplaintheabsenceofthegreatliteraryworksbywomen?A．Thetradeusedtobedominatedbymen.B．Womenwriters’ideasconflictwiththebookdealers’.C．Malestendtobeproductiveinthecreativeindustry.D．Themajorityofmalereadersdon’treadmodernfiction.15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Inrecentyears,universitycurriculumshaveemphasizedbooksbywomen.B．Women’sHistoryMonthhaspushedwomenwriterstobemoreproductive.C．MorephysicalbookstoreslikeDevers’areneededtochangethesituation.D．TheSecondShelfishelpingturnapageforwomeninliterature.二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forhumans,ignorance(无知)isinevitable(不行避开的):It'sournaturalstate.There'stoomuchcomplexityintheworldforanyindividualtomaster.Ignorancecanbefrustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself.16．.AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyare.Ifyougiveagroupofpeopleatasktodoandthenaskthemhowwelltheythinkthey'vedoneonthetask.Poorperformersoverestimatehowwellthey'vedone;strongperformersoftenunderestimatetheirperformance:Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolacktheknowledgeofwhatskillsthey'remissing.17．Thosewhohaveskillsknowwhatskillstheycouldimproveon.Ourignorance,ingeneral,shapesourlivesinwayswedonotknowabout.Putsimply,peopletendtodowhattheyknowandfailtodowhattheydon'tknow.18．Peoplefailtoreachtheirpotentialsimplybecausetheyarenotawareofthepossible.Thisisafactoflife.19．Wewon'tmissDisneylandifwedon'tknowit'sthere.Formanyexpensivethings,thelessyouknowaboutthem,thelessyou'llmissthemandthehappieryou'llbe.20．Ifwedon'tknowaboutbirthcontrol,thenwewon'tuseit.Ifweremainignorantaboutthehorrorsthataregoingonnextdoor,wewon'tdowhat'snecessarytostopthem.Andifweareignorantaboutthedangerousthingsourchildrenaregettinginto,disastercanfollow.A．Ignorancemeansyouhaveneither.B．Sotheythinkthey'reprettygood.C．It’sthetroublewegetintobynotrecognizingit.D．Butignorancehascosts.E.It'sknowledgeofpossibilitiesthatmakesusmissthem.F.Wecan'tchoosewhatwedon'tknowabout.G.Inthatway,ignorancechannelsthecoursewetakeinlife.三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从所供应的四个选项中选出最佳选项.Therearemanytalentedpeoplearoundtheworld.Someare21inbusiness,othersaregoodartists.Whateverthe22is,theremustbegoodideasinordertosucceed.Becauseasinglepersonbyhimselfcan23assesshisideascritically,heneedstocommunicatewithanotherperson.Todayyoucan24findpeopletotalktoonline.Extensivegeographycanincreaseyour25tofindthepersonwhosharesyourinterests.Inthebeginning,itis26tomeetasmanypeopleaspossible.Themorepeopleyouknow,thehigherthechanceyoufindthe27person.Beforeyouimplement(实施)youridea,itisnecessaryto28itwiththispersonyoufind.Inthiswayyougetanewviewofyourideaandrealizehowyoucandevelopitfurtheror29ittoimprove.Oftenthispersoncanshowyouwhatstrengthsand30yourideahas.Itisgoodtoimplementanythoughtonyourown,butdoingitwitha/an31iseasier.Whenyouchoosesomeonetoexpressyourideas,32thepersonhasstrongmotivationtolistentoyou.Sheorhealsoneedstohavethe33totellyouwhatisgoodandbadaboutyourideas.Chooseallthe34methodstofindthisperson.Communicateyourthoughtstohimandyourlifewillbecomemoresuccessful.Soitisimportantto35yourideaswithsomeoneelse.21．A．wealthy B．busy C．strong D．interested22．A．part B．field C．case D．advice23．A．hardly B．regularly C．instantly D．nearly24．A．proudly B．roughly C．easily D．actually25．A．courage B．chance C．interest D．hope26．A．necessary B．normal C．possible D．helpful27．A．rich B．friendly C．proper D．clever28．A．argue B．discuss C．cover D．travel29．A．control B．check C．protect D．change30．A．aspects B．advantages C．weaknesses D．exception31．A．partner B．guide C．adult. D．expert32．A．tryout B．makesense C．workout D．makesure33．A．belief B．ability C．confidence D．time34．A．scientific B．traditional C．available D．various35．A．associate B．exchange C．provide D．combine四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(每小题1.5分，满分15分)ThestoryofAtlantisisoneofthe36．(old)mysteriesintheworld.Buthowdidthestorybegin?Morethan2,000yearsago,afamousGreekwriterPlatowroteastoryaboutabeautifulislandintheAtlanticOcean,37．hecalledtheislandofAtlantis.Thepeopletherewereveryrichand38．(success).However,astheygrewricher,theybecameselfishandgreedyandtheystartedtoargueandfight39．eachotherandthepeoplefromtheotherislands.Then,oneday,asa(n)40．(punish),ahugeearthquakecameandgreatwavescoveredtheislandofAtlantisuntilitdisappearedunderthesea.Forover2,000years,everyonethoughttheislandofAtlantis41．(be)justafantasticstoryuntilanAmericanpoliticianandwriter42．(name)DonnellystudiedthehistoryoffloodsandnaturaldisastersfromEgypttoMexicoandthoughtthestorywasaboutarealnaturaldisaster.Then,in43．late1960s,theruinsofanancientcityontheGreekislandofTherawerediscoveredbyaGreekhistorian.Whenthehistorianandhisteamexaminedtheruinsoftheancientcity,theyfoundagroupofpeoplehadlivedtherebeforeandthecity44．(destroy)andburiedbyavolcaniceruption.So,wasTheratrulytheislandthatPlatohaddescribedinhisbooks?NOoneknowsandthestoryofAtlantis45．(remain)amystery.五、提纲类作文(满分15分)46．假如你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席。你发觉有些同学迫于同伴间的压力，在过生日时常常攀比谁买的生日礼物好。请你用英语写一封倡议信，发表在你校校内网上，呼吁同学们不要攀比。内容包括：1.相互攀比的危害；2.对生日礼物的建议；3.向同学们发出倡议。留意：1.词数80词左右；2.可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。Dearstudents,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union六、读后续写(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。“Iwishmymotherhadaringlikethosetheladieswearatthehotel,”saidHiramGreentohimselfoneday.Hiramwasthesonofafisherman,butthefishermanhaddiedwhenHiramwasalittleboy.Hiram’smothertookonsewingworktoearnmoneytosupportherselfandherson.Hehelpedherwhenhecouldoutofschoolhours,andduringvacationtime.Hehadtwouncleswhohadtaughthimhowtocatchshrimp(虾).Withthemoneyheearnedbysellingthemhecouldbuythingsforhisownuseorpleasure.Hehada“bank”almostfullofwhathecalledhis“shrimpmoney.”Thesightoftheflashingdiamondsonthehandsofsomeofthesummervisitorsatthefishingvillageinwhichhelivedhadaddedanewarticletothelistofbeautifulthingshismotherwouldownsomeday.Hehadheardthatjustonesinglediamondwassometimesworthfivehundreddollarsormore.Thishaddiscouragedhimverymuch.Butoneday,hehappenedtopassashopintheneighboringtownandsawanumberofdiamondringsdisplayedinthewindow.Hestoppedfascinated,andpressedhisfaceagainsttheglasseagerlytoseeifanypricesweremarkeduponthem.Imaginehissurprisewhenhesawuponthelargestone—atag(标签)marked$4.75.Helookedagaintoseeifhehadmadeamistake.Perhapsitwas$475.00.Butno,heknewenoughaboutfigurestoseethathewasrightthefirsttime.Hewenthomeasfastashecould,andranupintohisbedroom.Then,heopenedhis“bank”andcounteditscontents.“Threedollarsandtwenty-twocents!”hecried.“I’llhavethatringbeforeanotherweek.”Hiramworkedearlyandlateforthenextfewdays.Hecaughtmoreshrimpsthanhehadevercaughtinthesamelengthoftime,andsoldthemreadily.Paragraph1:Attheendoftheweekhehadthesumhedesired.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:YearsafterwardsHiramlearnedthatwhathehadthoughtwasadiamondwasonlyabitofglass.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．D2．B3．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国西肯塔基高校的AlexPoole教授对于英语学习者应当如何对待自己用英语进行沟通和写作时所犯的错误提出了自己的看法，并举荐了Poole教授的新书。1．细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终两句“"Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpracticalterms.Ifyouhaveanerror,theonlytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadstomisunderstanding,"Poolesaid.（Poole说：“我们的目标是能够以实际的方式进行沟通。假如你犯了一个错误，只有当它引起误会时你才应当担忧。”）”可知，英语学习者在所犯错误导致沟通中断时才须要担忧。故选D。2．细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段第三句“WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,insteadofgrammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.(当英语学习者（进行）写作时，他们应当考虑所写内容的大意，而不是语法。)”可知，Poole认为当英语学习者写作时，他们应当首先考虑主要思想。故选B。3．推理推断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了Poole教授对于英语学习者应当如何对待用英语进行沟通和写作时所犯的错误的看法，且最终一段“YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole'snewbookLearningaForeignLanguage-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,healsowritesaboutstudyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.”提到假如想了解到更多关于语言学习的内容，可以去阅读他的新书。因此本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。4．C5．A6．B7．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了在大脑在植入芯片听起来很科幻，但是马斯克的公司已经起先实施这样的试验了。4．细微环节理解题。由文章第三段中的句子“Thechip,developedbyMusk'scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin.Butdon'tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes（电极）attachedtoflexiblethreads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神经元）.这个芯片是由马斯克的Neuralink公司开发的，只有硬币大小。但别让它的尺寸愚弄了你。据MSN称，这种微型芯片有3000多个电极连接在柔性线上，可以监测大约1000个神经元”可知，这种芯片虽然小但是功能强大。结合选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。5．词义揣测题。由划线词的前一句“Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers它从大脑的某个区域收集神经信号，然后将这些信号无线传输到旁边的计算机。”可知，这就是芯片工作的原理。依据语境，划线词That就是指代这种过程。所以选项A“TheoperationofthechipinGertrude’sbrain.格特鲁德大脑芯片的操作。”符合题意。故选A项。6．细微环节理解题。题干中的themajortarget”与文章中的“itsmaingoal”意义相同，可以快速在文章中定位。由第五段第一句“Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilitydifficulties.当这种装置能够应用于人类时，它的主要目标将是帮助那些有行动困难的人。”可知，选项B符合题意。故选B项。7．推理推断题。依据最终一段的句子“"Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges...toovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanputitsdevicestothepurposes,"YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.“有很多技术挑战……中国科技高校副教授袁兰峰在接受《中国日报》采访时说：“我们要克服这个问题，才能使Neuralink的设备达到预期目的。”由此可知，袁兰峰认为这个技术很有“挑战性”。故选D项。【点睛】

8．C9．B10．D11．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。8．细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段“Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.(但今日，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象有多少现代犯罪、恐怖或“肃穆”小说不涉及科学。)”可知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。9．细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.(尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说法是科幻小说最早出现在19世纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起。)”和“Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.(全部这些变更不仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。)”可知，工业革命带来的变更导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。10．细微环节理解题。依据文章第五段“Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.(但科幻小说反映的更多的是对科学的恐惊，而不是希望。这些典型的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H.G.Wells的《世界大战》(1897)。Wells以超群的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威逼，演绎了人们对科技的恐惊。)”可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种想象中的担忧和恐惊气氛。故选D。11．推理推断题。依据文章第六段“Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“littlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.(今日的科幻小说表达了计算机革命、机器人和我们面临的环境挑战的影响，而对“来自火星的小绿人”和过去科幻小说的其他主题关注较少。)”可推断，尽管不同时期的科幻小说内容不同，但主题还是一样的。故选A。12．C13．B14．A15．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述Devers发觉女性文学作品没有得到和男性作品同等的待遇，确定为女性作品做些事情。12．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Irealizedwedon’tvaluewomen’sworkthesamewaywedomen’s,”Deverssays.“It’sdepressing.Butit’salsoexciting,becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”可知，“我意识到，我们并不像重视男性工作那样重视女性的工作，”Devers说。“这是令人懊丧的。但这也很令人兴奋，因为我可以为此做些什么。”由此可见，第一段告知读者是什么驱使Devers开设了theSecondShelf。故选C。13．词句揣测题。分析本句可知，“hathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.”在句子作定语，对名词ahistoricalimbalance进行修饰说明，ahistoricalimbalance表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应当表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境。故选B。14．细微环节理解题。由第四段的其次句Bookdealershavetendedtobemen;muchofthetrade’searlymaterialwascollectedby“countrygentlemenwhoranestatesandamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,”可知，书商始终倾向于是男性，很多的贸易早期资料被乡绅收集，他们经营房地产并且积累了一图书馆的书去显示他们的财宝和才智。由此可见，贸易过去常常被男性限制，导致了女性文学作品的缺失。故选A。15．推理推断题。由第四段的第一句Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.和最终一段的第三句Devers’shopisthephysicalsiteofthatmovementchallengingthecurrentsituation.可知，在收集这些作品的时候，书店theSecondShelf正在订正历史的不平衡，这个不平衡已经让女性文学成就变得黯然失色了。Devers的书店是那场挑战现状的运动的实质性地点。由此可见，Devers的书店TheSecondShelf始终在为女性文学的变更供应帮助。故选D。【点睛】词义揣测题解题技巧之一：利用定语从句的语法功能解题。定语从句是对句中某个名词进行修饰说明，我们可以通过对名词的理解或者定语从句的理解，推想要揣测的词义。如本小题2，分析本句可知，“hathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.”在句子是定语从句，对名词ahistoricalimbalance进行修饰说明，ahistoricalimbalance表示的是历史的不平衡，由此可测，这种不平衡引起女性文学成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed应当表达的是一种不好的语境，结合选项，选项B，表示的是有偏见地被隐藏，符合语境，故选B。16．C17．B18．G19．F20．D【分析】这是一篇争论文。文章围绕“无知”这一主题，阐述了“无知可能会令人懊丧，但问题并不在于无知本身，而是我们身陷其中却浑然不觉”这一道理。16．上文“Ignorancecanbefrustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself.”指出“无知可能会令人懊丧，但问题并不在于无知本身”，结合下一段首句“AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyare”（依据DavidDunning的说法，无知的人往往不知道他们有多么无知）可知，真正的问题应当指人们对无知的事实相识不足，C选项“问题在与我们相识不到自己是无知的”正好表达了这一含义。故选C项。17．围绕“表现欠佳者自吹自擂，表现良好者又自暴自弃”这一现象，前文“Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolacktheknowledgeofwhatskillsthey'remissing.”指出“这是因为那些欠缺技能的人对自己原委欠缺哪些实力相识不足”，正因为这样，B选项“所以他们自我感觉还挺不错”承接前文，其