贵州省安顺市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1贵州省安顺市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷(选择题共95分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthewomangoingtonight?A.Acafe.B.Auniversity.C.Hersister’shome.2.Whatwillthemanprobablyhaveforlunch?A.Mcatpies.B.Eggs.C.Onionrings.3.WhatdidAlfiemainlyplaywithattheparty?A.Buildingblocks.B.Giftboxes.C.Atrainset.4.Whatistheman’sjobprobably?A.Asecretary.B.Ashopassistant.C.Adentist.5.WhattroubledoesAlvinmakefortheman?A.Healwayscopiesthesoundofhisphone.B.Healwayssayshellotostrangers.C.Healwaysringsthebells.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Besthamburgers.B.Wrongcalls.C.Salesplans.7.Whathasthemantriedtodo?A.Calltherestaurant.B.Sendtherestaurantanemail.C.Postanadfortherestaurantonline.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatwasthewoman’smainrequest?A.Todrinkatthebar.B.Tovisitat4:00p.m.C.Tositnearthestage.9.Howwillthewomanprobablypay?A.Byphone.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycash.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestabouthernewhouse?A.Thefloor.B.Thebigrooms.C.Thewindows.11.Wheredidthewomanputtheoldfurniturebefore?A.Atherapartment.B.Attheman’shome.C.Atherparents’house.12.Whenwasthewoman’snewhousebuilt?A.Inthe18thcentury.B.Inthe19thcentury.C.Inthe20thcentury.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whoarethespeakersprobably?A.Houseownerandbuyer.B.Acouple.C.Guideandtourist.14.Whatistheadvantageofthefirstchoice?A.Ithasplentyoffruit.B.Ithasabeautifulview.C.Ithasawashingmachine.15.Whydoesthewomanhesitateaboutthesecondchoice?A.Itisexpensive.B.Itisfarfromtheocean.C.Ithasnobasicfacilities.16.WhatwillthewomanpossiblydoforChristmas?A.Stayinacomfortablehotel.B.Eatfreshfruitonafarm.C.Relaxinahouseontheisland.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheachievementthisyear?A.Boring.B.Unsatisfactory.C.Unexpected.18.Howoldisthecompany?A.Threeyearsold.B.Fouryearsold.C.Fiveyearsold.19.Whatwillthespeakergivetotheteammembers?A.Apayrise.B.Extraholidays.C.Cheapfoodanddrinks.20.Wheredoesthetalkprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Inanconferenceroom.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFormanypeople,childhoodisthebesttimeoftheirlives.Children’sDayiscelebratedbydifferentcountriesondifferentdaysoftheyear.Itisaholidaythatcelebratesthehappiness,healthygrowth,andbrightfutureofchildren.ChinaChildren’sDayisonJune1st.Onthisday,pupilsgotoschoolasusual,butoftenforonlyhalfoftheday.TheschooldaytendstoinvolvevariousChildren’sDayactivitiesinsteadofregularclasses.Thecelebrationdoesn’tendatschool.Afterschool,parentsusuallytaketheirchildrenouttoplay.Theyoftencelebratebyhavingapicnicintheparkorbygoingtoanamusementpark,thecinema,orthezoo.Manytouristattractions,includingtheForbiddenCity,havediscountsonadmissionorarecompletelyfreeforchildrenonthisday.JapanTheJapanesepeoplecelebrateChildren’sDayonthefifthdayofthefifthmontheveryyear.Familiesflycolorfulcarpflags(鲤鱼旗)fromtheirhomes,ascarpsrepresentdeterminationandvigorinJapanesefolklore(民间传说).TheydisplayfigurinesofSamuraiWarriorsintheirhomestosymbolizestrengthandbravery.ChildrenenjoystickyricecakesinQuercusdentataleavesandparticipateineventsaroundthecountryliketraditionalJapaneseplays.IndiaChildren’sDayiscelebratedonNovember14everyyear.ThisdatemarksthebirthanniversaryofPanditJawaharlalNehru,thefirstprimeministerofindependentIndia.Nehruwasveryfondofchildrenandso,tohonorhimandacknowledgehisworkforchildren,the14thofeveryNovemberissetasChildren’sDay.Onthisoccasion,childrenofIndiausuallygetgiftsfromtheirparents.Manyschoolsallowstudentstoattendtheirclassesincoloreddresses.Specialprogramsareheldbythechildrenthemselves.ManyschoolsholdactivitiessuchascampingtripsorfreemoviesonChildren’sDaytoallowstudentstohavefun.NewZealandInNewZealand,Children’sDayiscelebratedonthefirstSundayofMarcheachyear.Funcommunityeventsareheldthroughoutthecountryandincludegames,carnival,food,traditionalhakadancing,andmore.1.WhatdoChinesedoonChildren’sDay?A.Pupilsgotoschoolasusual.B.Thecelebrationendatschool.C.Parentsusuallytakechildrenouttoplay.D.Manytouristattractionshavenodiscounts.2.WhenistheChildren’sDayinJapan?A.June1st. B.May5th.C.November14. D.ThefirstSundayofMarch.3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?A.Touristbrochure. B.Bookreview. C.Sciencereport. D.Newsreport.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家庆祝儿童节的方式。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据China部分的“Afterschool,parentsusuallytaketheirchildrenouttoplay.Theyoftencelebratebyhavingapicnicintheparkorbygoingtoanamusementpark,thecinema,orthezoo.”（放学后，父母通常会带孩子出去玩。他们经常通过在公园野餐或去游乐园、电影院或动物园来庆祝。）可知，中国的父母通常会带孩子出去玩。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Japan部分的“TheJapanesepeoplecelebrateChildren’sDayonthefifthdayofthefifthmontheveryyear.”（日本人每年五月的第五天庆祝儿童节。）可知，日本的儿童节是在五月五日。故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中的“Children’sDayiscelebratedbydifferentcountriesondifferentdaysoftheyear.(儿童节在一年中的不同日子由不同的国家庆祝。)”可知，文章介绍了不同国家的儿童节庆祝方式，可以推测这篇文章可能出现在旅游手册中。故选A。BMr.Jafriisa44-year-oldartistfromEngland.AstheCOVID-19spreadandmanycountrieswentintolockdown,Mr.JafriwasinDubai.Ratherthanfeelingstuckbecausehewasunabletomoveon,Mr.Jafridecidedtotakeonahugeprojectthatcould“makeareallybigdifference.”Hedecidedtocreatetheworld’slargestpaintinginawaythatwouldinvolvepeoplefromaroundtheworld.Heaskedchildrentosendhimpicturesshowinghowtheywerefeelingduringthepandemic.Hegotartworkfromkidsin140differentcountries,someofwhichwasincludedinhispainting.Usingthechildren’sideasasastartingpoint,Mr.Jafribegantopaint.Hecreatedthepaintinginthedancehallofaclosedhotel.Thepainting,called“TheJourneyofHumanity”,isover1,600squaremeters.IttookMr.Jafrisevenmonths,upto20hoursperday.Hehurthisbackbybendingoversomuchwhilehepainted.Ittookover1,000paintbrushesand6,300litersofpainttocreatethepainting.WhenhefinishedlastSeptember,hehadsetaGuinnessWorldRecordfortheworld’slargestpainting.Thepaintingwasroughlythesizeoffourbasketballcourts.SinceMr.Jafri’sgoalwastoraisemoneytohelpchildren,thepaintingwascutupinto70largepieces.Mr.Jafrihopedthatbysellingthepaintingseparately,hecouldraise$30million.ButwhenthesaleendedonMarch22,Mr.Jafrididmuchbetterthanthat.Andhedidn’thavetocutupthepieces.Thewholeartworkwassoldfor$62million,thefourthhighestpriceeverpaidforapaintingbyalivingartist.AndreAbdoune,aFrenchbusinessman,boughtall70ofthepieces.“ThepaintingwasverypowerfulwhenIsawit,”Mr.Abdounesaid,“Andforme,itwouldhavebeenamistaketoseparatethepieces.”KnowingthatthemoneywouldgotocharityalsohelpedMr.Abdounedecidetopaymore.Heplanstobuildaspecialbuildingtoshowtheartworkoff.4.WhydidMr.Jafriaskchildrentosendhimpictures?A.Becausehefeltlikebreakingtheoldthinkingpatternandcreatingsomethingnew.B.Becausehewasunabletofigureoutwhattopaint,wantingtobeinspiredbykids.C.Becausekidsfeltstuck,fortheywereunabletomoveonduringlockdown.D.Becausehewantedpeopleworldwidetoparticipateinexpressingtheirfeelings.5.Whydidtheauthormention“paintbrushesandpaint”inParagraph3?A.TocriticizeMr.Jafriforoveruse. B.Toshowthemassivenessoftheartwork.C.Tomakeacomparisonwithotherpainters. D.ToexplainwhatMr.Jafriusedforpainting.6.WhydidMr.Abdounepaymore?A.Becausehehasbeenfondofcharity.B.Becausethepaintingimpressedhim.C.Becausehewantedtohelpmorechildren.D.Becausehedidn’twanttoseparatethepieces.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewGuinnessWorldRecordB.AnEnglandArtistAchievedHisDreamC.PandemicInspiresPeopleOnTheirPaintingsD.World’sLargestPaintingSellsFor$62Million〖答案〗4.D5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了世界上最大的画作以6200万美元的价格售出。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Mr.Jafriisa44-year-oldartistfromEngland.AstheCOVID-19spreadandmanycountrieswentintolockdown,Mr.JafriwasinDubai.Ratherthanfeelingstuckbecausehewasunabletomoveon,Mr.Jafridecidedtotakeonahugeprojectthatcould“makeareallybigdifference.”（Jafri先生是一位来自英国的44岁艺术家。随着COVID-19的传播，许多国家进入封锁状态，贾夫里正在迪拜。贾夫里没有因为无法前进而感到停滞不前，而是决定承担一个可能“产生巨大影响”的大项目。）以及第二段第一、二句“Hedecidedtocreatetheworld’slargestpaintinginawaythatwouldinvolvepeoplefromaroundtheworld.Heaskedchildrentosendhimpicturesshowinghowtheywerefeelingduringthepandemic”（他决定用一种让世界各地的人都参与进来的方式来创作世界上最大的画作。他让孩子们给他发照片，展示他们在大流行期间的感受）可知，他作画的动机是跟疫情封锁有关，他想要全世界的人参与进来表达在这期间的感受。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Ittookover1,000paintbrushesand6,300litersofpainttocreatethepainting.”（创作这幅画需要超过1000支画笔和6300升的颜料。）可知，作者提到“画笔和颜料”是为了展示这幅艺术作品的庞大规模，故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“KnowingthatthemoneywouldgotocharityalsohelpedMr.Abdounedecidetopaymore.”（知道这些钱将捐给慈善机构，也让阿卜杜恩决定支付更多的钱）可知，Mr.Abdoune是因为知道钱会捐给慈善机构，能帮助更多的人，所以决定付更高的价格。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知文章主要是讲一位英国画家在疫情期间创作出一幅作品，破了吉尼斯世界纪录，成为世界上最大的画，并且以6200万的价格拍卖。所以短文的标题为“世界上最大的画作以6200万美元的价格售出”。故选D。CAIisakeywordinourtime.Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺骗)detectionforaboutadecade.Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.InthecaseoftheworkthatMihalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichheisfoundtohavecommittedacrimecouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsoemployedwordsfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimately(最终)hadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.Onethingthesystemnoticedistheuseofpronouns—peoplewhoarelyingwouldtendtolessoftenusetheword“I”or“we”,Mihalceaexplains.“Instead,peoplewhoarelyingwouldmoreoftenuse‘you,’‘yours’.”Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”suchas“absolutely,”and“very,”thatreflectcertainty,whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas“maybe”or“probably.”Asforgestures,shepointsoutthatsomeonebeingdeceitfulwouldbemorelikelytolookdirectlyintotheeyesofthepersonquestioningthem.Theyalsotendedtousebothhandswhengesturing.However,Mihalcea’sworkis“farfromperfection,”sheadmits.“Asaresearcher,wearecontentthatwewereabletogetto75percentaccuracy.Butlookedatanotherway,that’sanerrorrateofoneinfour.”Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”8.Howdidresearcherscreatethedeceitdetectionusingartificialintelligence?A.Theyinterviewedcriminalsincourtcases.B.TheyinvolvedAIsysteminavirtualtrial.C.Theyemployedwitnessestoidentifydishonestcriminals.D.Theyfedthesystemwithbothtruthfulanddeceitfulstatements.9.Whatisaliarlikelytodoaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Gesturewithonehand. B.Questionothersdirectly.C.Usepronounsrepeatedly. D.Speakwithstrongcertainty.10.HowdoesMihalceafeelaboutherwork?A.Itcompletelylivesuptoherexpectation.B.Itcanbeusedasanaidforhumanbeings.C.Itcanreplacehumanbeingstouncoveralie.D.Itsuccessfullylowerstheerrorrateofdetection.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheuseofpronounsandgesturesinlieB.RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetectionbyusingAIC.ThelimitationsofcurrentliedetectiontechnologyD.Accuracyrateofmachinelearningdeceitdetectors〖答案〗8.D9.D10.B11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能欺骗探测器以及它是如何工作的，同时人工智能技术可以作为人类的辅助手段。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“InthecaseoftheworkthatMihalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichheisfoundtohavecommittedacrimecouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsoemployedwordsfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimately(最终)hadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.(在Mihalcea所做的工作中，他们从实际法庭案件的视频开始。例如，一名被告在他被认定犯罪的审判中发言，可以作为欺骗的例子；他们还使用证人的话作为真实或欺骗性陈述的例子。他们总共分析了121个视频，其中一半是不诚实的，一半是真实的。他们利用这些数据建立了机器学习欺骗探测器，最终的准确率在60%到75%之间。)”可知，研究人员向系统输入法庭上的真话和谎言进行学习，以此训练他们的测谎能力。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse‘strongerwords’suchas‘absolutely,’and“very,”thatreflectcertainty,whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas‘maybe’or“probably.”(此外，说谎的人会使用‘绝对’和‘非常’等‘更强烈的词’来反映确定性，而有趣的是，说实话的人更有可能使用“也许”或“可能”等词。)”可知，撒谎者说话时措辞比较强硬，会使用“绝对、非常”等体现很强确定性词语。故选D。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething‘unusual’inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”(最终，她认为这样的技术对人们是有帮助的——例如，它可以表明它注意到说话者的陈述中有一些‘不寻常’的地方，然后可能让一个人“进一步调查”)”可知，人工智能技术可以作为人类的辅助手段。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中的“Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺骗)detectionforaboutadecade.(人工智能能发现骗子吗？这听起来像科幻小说，但这样的人工智能系统是可能的。密歇根大学计算机科学与工程教授RadaMihalcea研究欺骗检测已有十年左右的时间)”可知，本文主要介绍了RadaMihalcea研究人工智能欺骗探测器的开发原理、当前的发现，以及对其评价。由此可知，选项B“RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetectionbyusingAI(RadaMihalcea利用人工智能进行测谎的研究)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。DEvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.Mostoftheevidenceisinsmallercitiesbuiltinrelativelyshortperiodsascolonies(殖民地).ForhundredsofyearsduringtheMiddleAges,therewaslittlebuildingofcitiesinEurope.Eventuallytownsgrewupascentersofchurchorauthority,ofmarketingortrade.Astheurbanpopulationgrew,problemsofovercrowdinginearlyEuropeancities,theblockingoutofairandlightandverypoorcleanness,certainquartersofthecitiesrestrictedtodifferentnationalities,classes,ortradesjustcame,asstilloccurinmanycitiesofthedevelopingworldnow.ThephysicalformofmedievalandRenaissance(文艺复兴时期)townsandcitiesfollowedthepatternofthevillage,spreadingalongastreetoracrossroadsincircularpatternsorinirregularshapes.MoststreetswerelittlemorethanfootpathsandeveninmajorEuropeancitiespavingwasnotwidelyintroducedbeforethe12thcentury.Asthepopulationofthecitygrew,wallswereoftenexpanded,butfewcitiesatthetimeexceededamileinlength.Sometımessiteswerechanged,andmanynewcitiesappearedwithincreasingpopulation—frequentlyaboutoneday’swalkapart.Townsrangedinpopulationfromseveralhundredtoperhaps40,000.ConsciousattemptstoplancitiesreappearedinEuropeduringtheRenaissance,withtheirprimegoaltoglorifyarulerorastate.Fromthe16thcenturytotheendofthe18th,manycitieswerelaidoutandbuiltsplendidly.Theresultmayhavepleasedandinspiredthecitizens,butitrarelycontributedtotheirhealth,tothecomfortoftheirhomes,ortoefficiencyinmanufacturing,distribution,andmarketing.Inmuchoftheworld,cityplanswerebasedontheconceptofacentrallylocatedpublicspace.Theplansdiffered,however,intheirprinciplesforresidentialdevelopment.IntheUnitedStatestheNewEnglandtowngrewaroundacentralpublicspace.AlsofromtheNewEnglandtowncamethetraditionofthefreestandingsingle-familyhousethatbecamethenormforbigcities.Thecentralplaza,place,orsquareprovidedacentralpointforEuropeancityplansaswell.IncontrasttoAmericanresidentialdevelopment,though,Europeandomesticarchitecturewasdominatedbytheattachedhouse.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“as”inparagraph2referto?A.problems B.earlyEuropeancitiesC.certainquartersofthecities D.nationalities13.WhydidtheEuropeansmakecityplansduringtheRenaissance?A.Tocomfortresidentialhomes. B.Topromotedistributionandmarketing.C.Tocontributetocitizen’shealth. D.Tohonorarulerorastate.14.Whatcanbeinferredbasedonthetext?A.TherewasmuchbuildingofcitiesinEuropeduringtheMiddleAges.B.SomecitieshadorderlystreetsystemsincountrieslikeChina,India,Egyptinhistory.C.TheNewEnglandtownintheUnitedStatesgrewaroundacentralpublicspace.D.Asthepopulationofthecitygrew,manycitiesgotenlargedintheRenaissance.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thedevelopmentofurbanplanning. B.Evidenceofcitiesdevelopment.C.Traditionalurbanforms. D.ThedevelopmentofcitiesintheRenaissance.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市规划的发展历程。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Astheurbanpopulationgrew,problemsofovercrowdinginearlyEuropeancities,theblockingoutofairandlightandverypoorcleanness,certainquartersofthecitiesrestrictedtodifferentnationalities,classes,ortradesjustcame(随着城市人口的增长，早期欧洲城市出现了过度拥挤的问题，空气和光线被阻隔，清洁程度很差，城市的某些地区限制不同国籍、阶级或行业的人居住)”和“stilloccurinmanycitiesofthedevelopingworldnow(现在许多发展中国家的城市仍然存在)”可知，早期欧洲城市存在过度拥挤、空气和光线被遮挡以及非常不清洁的问题，城市的某些区域被不同的民族、阶级或行业所限制，这些问题在当今许多发展中国家的城市中仍然存在。划线词as指代的是前文提到的problems，即“问题”。A.problems问题；B.earlyEuropeancities早期欧洲城市；C.certainquartersofthecities城市的某些地区；D.nationalities民族。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段的“ConsciousattemptstoplancitiesreappearedinEuropeduringtheRenaissance,withtheirprimegoaltoglorifyarulerorastate.(在文艺复兴时期，欧洲重新出现了有意识地规划城市的尝试，其主要目标是美化统治者或国家。)”可知，欧洲在文艺复兴时期重新出现了有意识的城市规划尝试，其主要目的是为了荣耀统治者或国家。故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“EvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.(在中国、印度、埃及、地中海地区以及南美洲和中美洲的城市废墟中都发现了规划的证据。规划城市发展的早期例子包括有序的街道系统、城市的功能区以及先进的防御、供水和排水系统。)”可知，在中国、印度、埃及等国家的历史上，一些城市有有序的街道系统。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“EvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.(在中国、印度、埃及、地中海地区以及南美洲和中美洲的城市废墟中都发现了规划的证据。规划城市发展的早期例子包括有序的街道系统、城市的功能区以及先进的防御、供水和排水系统。)”可知，文章主要介绍了城市规划的发展历程。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Photographyformehasalwaysbeenakey.Itopensupdoors,givesmeanexcusetotravelwithmorepurpose,andletsmeseebehindthescenes.____16____—“Bettergetbacktotakingphotos.Nicetochat!”Whatismyadvicetobeginners?Ididn’tstudyphotography;I’mnotformallytrained;____17____Butthat’snotwhatphotographyisaboutforme.Ifyouwanttobeaphotographer,beconstantlyaskingyourselfthequestion:“Whatisthestoryhere?”Itdoesn’tmatterifyouareshootingadishatyourfavoriterestaurantorthefoodwasteprocessingplantthatdealswithwat’sleftover—____18____Whatdoesthatmean?IfI’mphotographingadinnerpartyforSocialSupply,it’simportanttocapturenotjusttheplateoffood,buttostepbackandcapturethescenearoundit.IfI’mtakingphotosofamushroomharvestinYunnan,Imakesuretofindananglethatshowsjusthowmuchthey’veharvested,butalsoafewclose-upsoftheweatheredhandsthatarecarefullysorting.____19____I’vetakenhundredsofthousandsofphotosthisyearalone.Themoreyoushootthebetteryouwillbe.So,startshooting—anythingandeverything,butspeciallyyourfiends’businessesandprojects.DoIhaveagoodcamera?Yes,butsomepeoplestillthinkthatthephotosIpostfrommyphoneweretakenonthatcamera,sodon’tconfuseagooddevicewithbeingagoodphotographer.____20____sostartthere,andstarttoday.A.Letthestoryguideyou.B.Ihavevirtuallynoartexperience.C.Likeanything,photographyrequirespractice.D.Photographybecomesanincredibledrivetoexplore.E.Someofmyfavoritephotographersjustusetheirphone.F.Italsohelpstoslipoutofawkwardsmalltalkatparties.G.Ifeeldeeplyconnectedwithwhateveriscapturedthroughmycameralens.〖答案〗16.F17.B18.A19.C20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者结合自身经历给出了一些摄影的建议。【16题详析】上文“Photographyformehasalwaysbeenakey.Itopensupdoors,givesmeanexcusetotravelwithmorepurpose,andletsmeseebehindthescenes.(摄影对我来说一直是个关键。它为我打开了一扇门，给了我一个更有目的旅行的借口，让我看到了幕后。)”提到了摄影对作者的重要性；下文““Bettergetbacktotakingphotos.Nicetochat!”(“还是聊回拍照吧。这很好聊!”)”转而提到“回到拍照的话题”，为过渡句，下文第二段开始提出学习摄影的建议。由此可知，设空处应是承接上文的话题，与摄影的好处相关。F项“Italsohelpstoslipoutofawkwardsmalltalkatparties.(这也有助于在聚会上避免尴尬的闲聊。)”中的it指代上文的Photography，alsohelps也与上文对应。故选F项。【17题详析】上文“Ididn’tstudyphotography;I’mnotformallytrained;(我没有学过摄影；我没有受过正规训练；)”提到了作者既没学过摄影，也没有受过正规训练；下文“Butthat’snotwhatphotographyisaboutforme.(但这不是摄影对我的意义。)”转而提到上文提到的那些都不是摄影对作者的意义。结合设空处前面的分号可知，设空处与上文两个句子构成排比句式。B项“Ihavevirtuallynoartexperience.(我几乎没有美术经验。)”与上文对应。故选B项。【18题详析】上文“Ifyouwanttobeaphotographer,beconstantlyaskingyourselfthequestion:“Whatisthestoryhere?”Itdoesn’tmatterifyouareshootingadishatyourfavoriterestaurantorthefoodwasteprocessingplantthatdealswithwat’sleftover(如果你想成为一名摄影师，就要不断地问自己这个问题：“这里的故事是什么？”无论你是在你最喜欢的餐馆拍摄一道菜，还是在处理剩饭剩菜的食物垃圾处理厂)”提到了如果相当一名摄影师，就要不断问自己“这里的故事是什么？”；下文“Whatdoesthatmean?IfI’mphotographingadinnerpartyforSocialSupply,it’simportanttocapturenotjusttheplateoffood,buttostepbackandcapturethescenearoundit.(这是什么意思？如果我正在为SocialSupply拍摄晚宴，重要的是不仅要捕捉一盘食物，还要退后一步，捕捉周围的场景。)”通过举例子进一步解释了问“这里的故事是什么？”的含义。A项“Letthestoryguideyou.(让故事引导你。)”与上文的“Whatisthestoryhere?”对应。故选A项。【19题详析】设空处位于段首，为段落主旨句；下文“I’vetakenhundredsofthousandsofphotosthisyearalone.Themoreyoushootthebetteryouwillbe.So,startshooting—anythingandeverything,butspeciallyyourfiends’businessesandprojects.(仅今年一年，我就拍了数十万张照片。你拍得越多，你就会越好。所以，开始拍摄吧，什么都可以，尤其是你朋友的生意和项目。)”提到了拍得越多，就会越好，说明摄影是需要练习的。C项“Likeanything,photographyrequirespractice.(像任何事情一样，摄影需要练习。)”最能概括本段内容。故选C项。【20题详析】上文“DoIhaveagoodcamera?Yes,butsomepeoplestillthinkthatthephotosIpostfrommyphoneweretakenonthatcamera,sodon’tconfuseagooddevicewithbeingagoodphotographer.(我有好的相机吗？是的，但有些人仍然认为我从手机上发布的照片是用那台相机拍摄的，所以不要把一个好设备和一个好摄影师混为一谈。)”提到了不要把好设备和好摄影师混为一谈，由此可知，设空处应与摄影设备和摄影师有关。E项“Someofmyfavoritephotographersjustusetheirphone.(我最喜欢的一些摄影师只用他们的手机拍。)”与上下文对应。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InasmalltownlivedMatthew,adiligent(勤奋的)youthwithapassionforEnglish.Nevertheless,hewascompletely____21____oftheonlineworld,leadinghimtopayaheavy____22____inacaselater.Oneday,Matthewreceivedanemailfromastranger,claimingby____23____aspecialEnglishlearningmaterial,hecouldeasilyimprovehisgrades.Theemailalso____24____severalsuccessstories,whichconvincedMatthew.Hefollowedtheinstructionsandtransferredmuchmoneytothesender’s____25____.Receivingthematerial,hefounditworthless.Matthewfelt____26____andregretful,yetpowerless.However,thestorydidn’t____27____there.Afterthesetback,Matthewbeganto____28____theworldofonlinescams(诈骗).Discoveringsimilarones,hedecidedtousehisEnglishskillstoexposethemonsocialmedia,and____29____peopletobewatchfulofonlinescams.Matthew’sstoryspreadthroughoutthetown.Peopleexpressedtheir____30____andsupport.Withhisassistance,manypeopleescapedonlinescams.Everyoneneedsto____31____learnaboutrelevantknowledgesoastoenhancetheirawarenessof____32____.TheInternetisn’twithoutrisks.Whenwe____33____setbacks,don’tgiveup.It’stheseexperiencesthatmakeusmorematureandcherishour____34____andprivacy.Let’sunitetoestablishasafeand____35____onlineenvironment!21.A.capable B.ignorant C.cautious D.suspicious22.A.price B.fine C.rent D.debt23.A.sharing B.reviewing C.developing D.purchasing24.A.lacked B.deleted C.included D.translated25.A.donation B.contract C.account D.document26.A.cheated B.relieved C.rejected D.motivated27.A.end B.occur C.progress D.transform28.A.withdrawfrom B.interactwith C.pushforward D.diginto29.A.reminded B.permitted C.forbade D.hired30.A.anxiety B.admiration C.desire D.forgiveness31.A.rapidly B.temporarily C.individually D.continuously32.A.charity B.reform C.prevention D.participation33.A.cause B.encounter C.witness D.bear34.A.wisdom B.memory C.freedom D.property35.A.accessible B.permanent C.harmonious D.complicated〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.C