【2024年高考英语一轮复习模拟卷】第二模拟（江苏卷）- 2024年高考英语一轮复习模拟卷（解析版）

2024年高考英语一轮复习模拟卷第二模拟（江苏专用）注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Ataticketoffice. B．Inarestaurant. C．Onatrain.【答案】C【原文】W:Excuseme,sir.MayIseeyourticket,please?M:Justamoment...Oh,no.Ican’tfindmywallet.Imusthaveleftitinthediningcar.W:You’dbettergotothatcarriageandasktheconductorforhelp.2．（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Whattoeat. B．Howtocook. C．Whotoinvitefordinner.【答案】A【原文】W:Let’sgetsomethingtoeat.I’mstarved.M:Idon’tfeellikecooking.Let’sordertakeout.Pastaornoodles?W:Thefirstone.IhavetosayIhadnoodleswithMarkyesterday.3．（2023秋·湖北武汉·高三统考阶段练习）HowdoesBarbarasound?A．Content. B．Worried. C．Confused.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyBarbara,whyareyouunhappy?Iheardthatyouhavebeenpromoted.Congratulations!W:Oh,Ihatehavingtoleavehereandworkingabroad.Youknow,myparentshaveonlyonechild.ItishardtoimaginehowlonelytheywouldbeifIworkabroad.4．（2023春·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?A．Gotothe11thStreet. B．TakeabustoJacksonville. C．Putupasignatthebusstop.【答案】B【原文】W:I’msorrytobotheryou,butIcan’treadthesignatthisbusstop.DoyouknowifthebustoJacksonvillestopshere?M:Oh,sorry,itdoesn’t.YouhavetotaketheNo.11busacrossthestreet.5．（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortheglasses?A．$90. B．$150. C．$240.【答案】B【原文】M:Goodmorning,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:I’dliketheseglasses.Howmucharethey?M:They’re$20apiece.Ifyoubuyadozen,youcansave$90.W:OK.I’lltakeadozen.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话或独白后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whathasthemanbeendoingrecently?A．MakingTVshows. B．Actinginafilm. C．Trainingdogs.7．Whatdoesthemanthinkismainlyneededinhisjob?A．Patience. B．Skills. C．Talents.【答案】6．C7．A【原文】M:Hi,Linda.W:Oh,hi,John.Haven’tseenyouforafewdays.Whatareyoudoingthesedays?M:Well,I’mdoingaveryinterestingjob.Ibegantotraindogs.Mydogsarereallyactors,youknow,thedogsyouseeinmoviesandTVshows.W:Cool!Howdoyoudoit?M:Thedogshavetolearnsignalsforcertainbasicskills,likesit,stop,andliedown.Afterthat,youteachthemthetrickythings.W:That’sreallyfantastic!Buthowdoyoumakethemlearnthings?M:Well,youmainlyneedpatience.Yourepeatandrepeatthecommands.Andtheygetarewardeverytimetheygetitright.W:MaybeIshouldconsidertrainingmyowndogtodothesetricksaswell.Itmustbealotoffun.（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8．Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A．Haveaclass. B．Attendameeting. C．Takeanexam.9．Whatisthewomaninterestedin?A．Biochemistry. B．History. C．Medicine.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】W:Excuseme.WouldyoubeabletotellmewheretheEmilyParkerHallis?I’mlookingforthebuildingwherethey’reholdingthecourseinformationconference.M:Sure!Youcanfollowme.Whatdoyouwanttostudy?W:Well,ifIgethighenoughgradesonmyschoolexams,I’mhopingtobeacceptedintothemedicalschool.ButifIdon’tmakeitintomedicine,I’llprobablydomedicalscience.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,I’minterestedinhistoryandbiochemistry.ButI’mnotsureyet.（2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．WhatmightMr.Wellsbe?A．Anathlete. B．Abusinessowner. C．Anadvertisingexpert.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheproduct?A．Itisfromfamilybusiness.B．Itsmainbuyersarerunners.C．Itisdesignedtobeusedbyateam.12．Accordingtothewoman,whatdoesMr.Wellsneedmost?A．Thebudgetoftheadvertising.B．Thenameofthechosenperson.C．Theartworkoftheadvertisement.【答案】10．B11．A12．C【原文】W:WhatMr.Wellsislookingforisafaceforhisbrand,someonewhohasalargesocialmediapresence.M:Whataboutaprofessionalathlete?Maybenotafootballstar,butsomeoneyoungandhealthy?W:Well,you’retheadvertisingexpert.Whatsportwouldyousuggest?M:Arunnermaybe,ortennis.Notateamsport.Thisproductisdesignedtobeusedalone.W:Yes,butitneedstobesomeonenice.Thisisafamilybusiness.Ourmainbuyersaremothers.M:Well,whatwecandoisdrawupalistofnamesinyourbudgettotakebacktoMr.Wells.W:Moneyisnoobject.WhatIwouldliketoseeissomeartwork.M:Theadvertisementmightdependonthepersonyouchoose.W:Well,createoneadvertisementforeachpersonyouhaveinmind.Mr.Wellswon’tcarewhoitis.He’llwanttoseesomethingreal.M:OK,I’llhaveourdesignerdrawsomethingup.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whatdayisittoday?A．Friday.B．Saturday.C．Sunday.14．WhatdoesClairethinkhelpedhergettheletterfromHarvard?A．Formiggoodlearninghabits.B．Attendingextracourses.C．Stayinguplatetostudy.15．WhydidGlairechooseHarvardUniversity?A．Herauntwasstudyingthere.B．Shehaswonascholarshiptoit.C．ShewantstobeMadelyn’sschoolmate.16．WhatdoesClaireplantodobeforeSeptember?A．Visitheraunt. B．Travelabroad. C．Visitsomecolleges.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．B【原文】M:Claire,IheardthatyouwereadmittedintoHarvardUniversity,right?W:Yes,IreceivedtheletteronFriday,thedaybeforeyesterday.M:Congratulations!Youmusthaveworkedhardduringyourhighschool.W:Well,IalwaysgotA’sonmytests.ItookthreeseparatecoursesforfourmonthsfortheSAT.M:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantduringlearning?W:Inmyopinion,it’sthelearninghabitthathelpedmeearntheletterfromHarvard.Believeitornot,Ineverburnedthemidnightoil.M:Whydidn’tyouchoosePrinceton?IrememberyourauntgraduatedfromPrincetonyearsago.W:MybestfriendMadelynjoinedHarvardlastyear,Ireallywantedtogotherebecauseofher,althoughPrincetonofferedmeascholarship.M:Oh,Igotit.WhenwillyougotoHarvard?W:InSeptember.Beforethat,I’llflytoChinaandotherAsiancountries.I’vebeenlongingtotastefoodandmeetpeoplethere.I’vedecidedtoworkpart-timetocovermyexpensesatcollege.（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhatwasWanda’schildhooddream?A．Tobeadoctor. B．Tobeaphysicist. C．Tobeanastronomer.18．WhathappenedtoWandaatuniversity?A．Shechangedhermajor. B．Shelosthersightentirely. C．Shefailedtogetadegree.19．WhichbestdescribesWanda?A．Warm-hearted. B．Demanding. C．Determined.20．WheredoesWandaworknow?A．Japan. B．Italy. C．USA．【答案】17．A18．B19．C20．B【原文】Wanda,whowasborninGurabo,PuertoRico,isagreatastronomer.Shespentherchildhoodandteenageyearsfascinatedbyscienceandwantingtobecomeadoctor,because’thatwasthewayshethoughtsheusedscience’.Untilonedayatuniversity,whenafriendknockedhercompletelyoffcourse.Thisfriendplayedherarecordingofasunburst.ThisinspiredWandatostudyastronomy.Wandastartedtolosehersightwhenshewasateenager.ShelosthersightcompletelywhilestudyingforadegreeinphysicsattheUniversityofPuertoRico.Ashervisiongotworse,shewasforcedtomakeadecision:quit,orkeepgoing.Shechosetosticktoherstudy.Sherepeatedclassesuntilshegotherdegree.Ittookhersixyears.Unabletostudydatathewayshehadinthepast,sherealizedvisualscientificdatacouldbetranslatedintosound.Shecreatedaspecialsoftwaretochangevisualdataintosound,sothattheycanbeheardinsteadofbeingread.Becauseofthisdiscovery,shecandoresearchatthesameadvancedlevelasbeforelosinghereyesight.WandacurrentlyworksinItaly.ShehaspreviouslyworkedasaresearcherinJapan,SouthAfricaandtheUSA.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）GETABIRD’S-EYEVIEWOFTHEWORLD’SMOSTATTRACTIVEFEATHEREDANIMALSWITHTHESEBOOKSFlamingo(火烈鸟)BiologistandphotographerClaudioContrerasKoobspent20yearstravellingdeepintothewetlandsandforestsofhisnativeMexico—andbeyond—tofeedhisflamingoattraction.Thisbookoffersauniquewindowintothebehaviorandlifeofred-featheredbirds,withmorethan120show-stoppingshotsdisplayingtheirbeauty.teNeues,£35.AroundtheWorldin80BirdsInspiringsecrets,nationalprideorscientificdiscoveries,everybirdhasastorytotell,fromtheweaverbirdbuildingmulti-nest“apartmentblocks”inNamibiatothebar-headedgoosetakingonatwice-yearlytrans-Himalayanjourneyatanextremealtitude.MikeUnwin’stourisaccompaniedbybeautifulillustrationsfromRyutoMiyake.LaurenceKingPublishing,£22.AWorldontheWingPulitzer-shortlistedWeidensaul,who’sattheforefrontofresearchintobirdmigration,heretrackssomeofnature’smostremarkablejourneys.HesailsthroughthestormyBeringSea,encounterstrappersintheMediterraneanandvisitsformerheadhuntersinnortheastIndia,whereabirdmigrationcrisishasbecomeaconservationsuccessstory.PanMacmillan,£9.99.GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirdsExplorethisupdatedversionofthe1968title,Galapagos:IslandsofBirds,bylatebirdexpertBryanNelson,withpreviouslyunpublishedmaterialfromhiswife,June.ThecouplespentayearlivingontwoGalapagosislands,studyingbirds,includingtheGalapagosalbatross(信天翁).Thisistheircleverandamusingaccount.BradtGuides,£11.99.21．Bywhomisthesecondcostliestbookillustrated?A．ClaudioContrerasKoob. B．MikeUnwin.C．RyutoMiyake. D．Weidensaul.22．Whichbookbestsuitsthoseconcernedaboutthesurvivalofmigratorybirds?A．Flamingo. B．AroundtheWorldin80Birds.C．AWorldontheWing. D．Galapagos:IslandofBirds.23．WhatfeaturemayGalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirdshave?A．Itshumorousdescription. B．Itsromanticstyle.C．Itsvividimagination. D．Itsmovingplot.【答案】21．C22．C23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本与鸟类有关的书籍。21．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Flamingo售价35英镑；AroundtheWorldin80Birds售价22英镑；AWorldontheWing售价9.9英镑；GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds售价11.99英镑。再根据AroundtheWorldin80Birds部分中“MikeUnwin’stourisaccompaniedbybeautifulillustrationsfromRyutoMiyake.(MikeUnwin的旅行伴随着RyutoMiyake的美丽插图)”故第二贵的插图书是RyutoMiyake写的。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Pulitzer-shortlistedWeidensaul,who’sattheforefrontofresearchintobirdmigration,heretrackssomeofnature’smostremarkablejourneys.HesailsthroughthestormyBeringSea,encounterstrappersintheMediterraneanandvisitsformerheadhuntersinnortheastIndia,whereabirdmigrationcrisishasbecomeaconservationsuccessstory.(入围普利策奖的Weidensaul站在鸟类迁徙研究的最前沿，他在这里追踪了一些大自然最非凡的旅程。他航行穿过狂风暴雨的白令海，在地中海遇到捕猎者，并拜访印度东北部的前猎头，那里的鸟类迁徙危机已成为保护鸟类的成功案例)”可知，AWorldontheWing最适合那些关心候鸟生存的人。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds部分中“Thisistheircleverandamusingaccount.(这是他们机智而有趣的叙述)”可知，GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds的特色是幽默的描述。故选A。B（2023·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）Most13-year-oldsmighthavespentthosethreeyearspreoccupiedwithschoolworkorhangingoutwithmates.Oneteenager,however,spenthisnightssleepinginatenttoraisemoneyforthehospice(临终安养院)thatlookedafterhisfriend.Now,MaxWoosey—whobecameknownastheBoyintheTentduringhisyears-longfundraisingcampaign—hasdecidedtogobackindoorsafterthreeyearsandmorethan£700,000incharitabledonations.“Ilovecamping,it’soneofmyfavouritethingsandI’mdefinitelygoingtomissit,”hesaid.“Ithinkthehighlightwouldhavetobethesecondcampout,becausethatyearwasthehardest.”“Thefirstyearwasquitenicebutthesecondwascolderandtherewereworsestorms.Itwasreallymeaningfulformebecauseallmyfriendsandfamilywerethere.”Hesaidthatalthoughthewindandrainprovedtobetrickyadversaries(对手),itwaslastsummer’sheatwavethatalmostforcedhimtoreturntothecomfortsofhisbedroom.“Honestly,itwashorrible,andwhenthere’saheatwaveyourtentturnsintoagreenhouse.Itwasabsolutelyboiling,”hesaid.Ontheprospectofsleepinginsideonaregularbasisagain,hesaid:“Ithinkit’sgoingtobeweird(怪异的)thefirstfewnightsbutIthinkitistimetocomeinsidenow.Therearefutureadventureswearehopingcanbecomepossible.ItisgoingtobestrangebutI’mjustgoingtohavetogetoverit.”SpeakingtoITV’sGoodMorningBritain,hesaid:“MyfriendRickwasabsolutelyamazing.Helovedtheoutdoors,helovedsportsandwegotalongreallywell.TheNorthDevonhospicejusttookbrilliantcareofhimandIwantedtosaythankyouinthebiggestwayIcould.SoIstartedsleepingoutsideandItriedtoraiseasmuchmoneyasIcouldforthem.”DonationswillgotoNorthDevonhospice.StephenRoberts,itschiefexecutive,toldtheITV:“ThefundsheraisedforNorthDevonhospiceinthistimewillmakearealdifferencetothepatientsandfamilieswesupport.”24．WhathasMaxbeenengagedinforthreeyears?A．Doingcharitycamping. B．Hangingoutwithfriends.C．Finishinghishomework. D．Lookingafterhisfriend.25．WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforMaxwhilehecampedout?A．Terriblestorms. B．Extremeheat.C．Freezingweather. D．Desperateloneliness.26．WhatisMax’sattitudetofutureadventures?A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Expectant.27．WhydidMaxraisemoneyforNorthDevonhospice?A．Topaythemedicalbillofhisfriend.B．Toappreciateitslovingcareforhisfriend.C．Toimprovethewelfareofitsmedicalstaff.D．Toupdateitsmedicalequipmentandservice.【答案】24．A25．B26．D27．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述13岁少年MaxWoosey通过在野外露营来进行慈善筹款的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now,MaxWoosey—whobecameknownastheBoyintheTentduringhisyears-longfundraisingcampaign—hasdecidedtogobackindoorsafterthreeyearsandmorethan£700,000incharitabledonations.(现在，MaxWoosey——在长达数年的筹款活动中被称为“帐篷里的男孩”——在三年的慈善捐款超过70万英镑后，决定回到室内)”可知，Max用了3年的时间做慈善露营。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“itwaslastsummer’sheatwavethatalmostforcedhimtoreturntothecomfortsofhisbedroom.“Honestly,itwashorrible,andwhenthere’saheatwaveyourtentturnsintoagreenhouse.Itwasabsolutelyboiling,”hesaid.(去年夏天的热浪几乎迫使他回到舒适的卧室。“老实说，这太可怕了，当有热浪时，你的帐篷就变成了温室。简直沸腾了，”他说)”可知，对于Max来说去年最大的挑战是极端高温。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Therearefutureadventureswearehopingcanbecomepossible.ItisgoingtobestrangebutI’mjustgoingtohavetogetoverit.(我们希望未来可以冒险。这会很奇怪，但我必须克服它)”推知，Max对未来的冒险是非常期待的。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“TheNorthDevonhospicejusttookbrilliantcareofhimandIwantedtosaythankyouinthebiggestwayIcould.SoIstartedsleepingoutsideandItriedtoraiseasmuchmoneyasIcouldforthem.(北德文郡的临终关怀院对他进行了出色的照顾，我想尽我所能对你说声谢谢。所以我开始睡在外面，我试着为他们筹集尽可能多的钱)”可知，Max为北德文郡的临终关怀院筹款是为了感激他们对他的朋友Rick的照顾。故选B。C（2023·广东惠州·高三统考）TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltalmosttwothousandyearsago.Despiteitsageanda14thcenturyearthquakethatknockeddownthesouthside,mostofthe150-somefootbuildingisstillstanding.Scientistsandengineershavelongsuspectedakeytothebuilding’sdurability(使用年限)istheuseofaspecificRomanconcrete.Butexactlyhowthissolidconcretehascontributedtothearchitecture’sstrengthhasbeenamysterytoresearchersacrosstheglobe.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredapotentialanswertowhytheseancientRomanbuildingshavebeenabletoweatherthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconcretestructuresseemtofallapartafterafewdecades.Theanswerisself-healingconcrete.Thematerialhasthreecomponents:limestone(石灰石),volcanicmaterialandwater.Whattheresearchersfoundwasthattheself-healingfeaturemightbesimplycausedbychemistryaccidentally.Thelimestoneintheconcreteislikelythesecret.WhentheancientRomansmademortar(灰浆),theyheatedupthelimetoturnitintoasubstancecalled“quicklime”.And,becausetheyintroducedwatertothequicklimeduringmixing,theheatitproducedsetupachemicalfoundationthatcouldstrengthentheconcretelater.Whentinycracksstarttoformlater,thequicklimestopsthemfrombecomingbigger.Whenitrains,thelimereactswiththewatertorecombineasvariousformsofcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙),quicklyfillingthecrackorreactingwiththevolcanicashto“heal”thematerial.FormaterialsscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly,”saysRamirez.“It’ssortoflikeamessageinabottle.TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterprotectorsofourenvironment.”28．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．ThesecretofRomanconcretehasbeenrevealed.B．TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltinthe14thcentury.C．ThewholeRomanColosseumsurvivedtheearthquake.D．Romanconcreteisessentialtothearchitecture’sstrength.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“weather”inParagraph2mean?A．Take. B．Stand. C．Avoid. D．Fail.30．Whatdoweknowabouttheself-healingprocess?A．Thelimeitselfcouldfillthecracklater.B．Thequicklimeshouldbemadeonrainydays.C．Thechemicalfoundationcouldweakentheconcrete.D．Combiningwaterandquicklimewouldproduceheat.31．WhatcanbeinferredfromRamirez’swords?A．Peoplecanbeinspiredtomakegreenermaterials.B．ThesecretofRomanconcreteishiddeninabottle.C．Romanconcretehasgreatlyimprovedtheenvironment.D．Romanconcreteispopularinmakingmodernarchitecture.【答案】28．D29．B30．D31．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家一直很好奇古罗马的混凝土结构为何可以很好地提高建筑强度，最近研究人员发现了一个可能的答案：这种混凝土具有自我修复的功能。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butexactlyhowthissolidconcretehascontributedtothearchitecture’sstrengthhasbeenamysterytoresearchersacrosstheglobe.(但对于全球的研究人员来说，这种固体混凝土究竟是如何提高建筑强度的，一直是个谜)”可知，古罗马混凝土对建筑的强度至关重要。故选D项。29．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredapotentialanswertowhytheseancientRomanbuildingshavebeenabletoweatherthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconcretestructuresseemtofallapartafterafewdecades.(一个团队的研究人员最近发现了一个可能的答案，为什么这些古罗马建筑能够weather时间的考验，而许多现代混凝土结构似乎在几十年后就会分崩离析)”可知，古罗马建筑和很快就会分崩离析的许多现代混凝土结构不同。由此推知，古罗马建筑可以很久不崩塌，经得住时间的考验。因此，划线词weather意为“经受住”，与stand意思一致。故选B项。30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And,becausetheyintroducedwatertothequicklimeduringmixing,theheatitproducedsetupachemicalfoundationthatcouldstrengthentheconcretelater.(而且，由于他们在搅拌过程中向生石灰中引入了水，它产生的热量建立了一种化学基础，可以在以后加强混凝土)”可知，混合水和生石灰会产生热量。故选D项。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ramirez的话“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterprotectorsofourenvironment.(罗马人制造了这种材料。我们必须弄清楚他们是如何做到的，这样我们才能制造出更好的材料，然后，你知道，反过来，更好地保护我们的环境)”可推知，我们可以从罗马人制作的这种混凝土材料中汲取灵感，去制作对环境友好的材料。故选A项。D（2023·福建省福州第一中学模拟）Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(肠)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.32．WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A．ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B．Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C．Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D．Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.33．Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A．Bycontrollingdata. B．Byidentifyinggenes.C．Byanalyzingsamples. D．Bycomparingsymptoms.34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A．Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B．TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C．CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D．ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.35．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B．Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C．Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D．NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】32．B33．C34．A35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·北京·人大附中校考模拟）Insomeways,itissurprisingthatlanguageschange.Afterall,theyarepasseddownthroughthegenerationsreliablyenoughforparentsandchildrentocommunicatewitheachother.36Forexample,whileJapanesehaschangedrelativelylittleoverathousandyears,Englishevolvedrapidlyinjustafewcenturies.ManypresentdayspeakersfindShakespear’ssixteenth-centuryplaysdifficultandChaucer’sfourteenth-centuryTheCanterburyTalesnearlyimpossibletoread.Languageschangeforavarietyofreasons.Large-scaleshiftsoftenoccurinresponsetosocial,economic,andpoliticalpressures,astherearemanyexamplesoflanguagechangefueledbyinvasions,colonization,andmigration.37Frequently,theneedsofspeakersdrivelanguagechange.Newtechnologiesindustries,productsandexperiencessimplyrequirenewwords.Byusingnewandemergingterms,wealldrivelanguagechange.Buttheuniquewaythatindividualsspeakalsofuelslanguagechangebecausenotwoindividualsusealanguageinexactlythesameway.38Throughourday-to-dayinteractions,wepickupwordsandsavingsfromotherpeopleandintegratethemintoourspeech.Teensandyoungadults,forexample,oftenusedifferentwordsandphrasesfromtheirparents.Someofthemspreadthroughthepopulationandslowlychangethelanguage.39Vocabularycanchangequicklyasnewwordsareborrowedfromotherlanguages,oraswordsgetcoined,combined,orshortened.Somewordsareevencreatedthroughmisinterpretationofform.AsnotedintheLinguisticSocietyofAmerica’spublicationIsEnglishChanging?,thewordpeaisonesuchexample.Upuntilaboutfourhundredyearsago,peasecouldrefertoeitherasinglepeaormanypeas.Atsomepoint,peopleassumedthatpeasewasthepluralformofanewword,pea,basedonthewaypeasesounded.Whilevocabularycanchangequickly,sentencestructure—theorderofwordsinasentencechangesmoreslowly.40Forexample,duringtheGreatVowelShiftfivehundredyearsago,thepronunciationofvowelsinEnglishchangeddramatically.ThisshiftrepresentsthebiggestdifferencebetweenthepronunciationofMiddleEnglis