Unit+6+Earth+first+Using+language 高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Unit6EarthfirstLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a),whoisswimmingatnight?Over200,000peoplereadtheblog.Insentence(b),whoisfrightenedofsharks?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousedifferentformsofverbsinthetwosentences?Thesunisrising.Ifweuseonesingle-ingformtomodifyanoun,weusuallyputitbeforethenoun.Ifthe-ingformplusotherwordsisusedtomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputafterthenoun.-ingasattributive现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语

（一）概述宾语可以分为三种类型:单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语。make这个动词可以接这三种宾语。1.Shemadeatoy.（单宾语）她做了一个玩具。2.ShemadeTom

atoy.（双宾语）她给汤姆做了一个玩具。3.ShemadeTom

agoodboy.（宾语补足语）她使汤姆成为一个好孩子。-ingasattributive现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，以弥补意义上的不足,让宾语的意义完整。这种起补充说明作用的词语或短语就叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语,可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式现在分词和过去分词等。宾补必须同时具备以下三个条件:1.宾语是补足语的逻辑主语,宾补对宾语起补充说明的作用。2.在一个完整的句子中,宾补是不可缺少的,省掉后句意就不完整。3.判断某个成分是不是宾补，这跟谓语动词的性质有关。宾补是动词作用于宾语的结果。大致可分为两类:1.动词具有“使”“令”“导致”宾语做某事的作用，即谓语动词使宾语怎么样、成为什么或变成什么(例如:make类,tell类,cause类)。2.动词具有感官的性能,对宾语的动作或状态具有感知作用(see,hear,find类)。Shetriedtomakeherselfunderstood.(herself为宾语,过去分词understood为宾语补足语)她设法让别人理解她的意思。Wesawthemanenteringtheroom.(theman为宾语,现在分词短语enteringtheroom为宾语补足语)我们看见那个人进了房间。现在分词作宾语补足语1.形容词性质的现在分词作宾补表示“观点”的这一类动词如think,consider,believe,find,feel等,都可以接这类复合宾语。Iconsideredthebookratherboring.我认为这本书相当枯燥。Theyallfeeltheresultofthegamedisappointing.他们都觉得比赛结果令人现在分词作宾语补足语2.动作性质的现在分词作宾补(1)

感官动词see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice,observe,discover,find,listento,lookat,catch(当场发现)等，可以接复合宾语,现在分词作宾补。Sheheardsomeonesingingnextdoor.她听到隔壁有人在唱歌。Inoticedsomethingburning.我注意到有东西燃了起来。现在分词作宾语补足语①感官动词后面可跟现在分词作宾补，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾补(find和catch除外),二者有一定的差别。现在分词表示正在进行的动作,不定式表示动作的全过程或结果。Iheardthedoorbellringing.我听见门铃在响。(听的时候门铃正在响)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.我听见有人敲门了。(听见敲门的全过程)②现在分词作感官动词的宾补时，不能使用完成式。Hesawthehousehavingburned.(误)Hesawthehouseburning.(正)现在分词作宾语补足语(2)使役动词have,get,set,leave,keep等,可以接复合宾语，现在分词作宾补。Ican'thaveyouwastingwaterlikethat.我不能让你那样浪费水。3.在“with+宾语+现在分词”结构中,现在分词充当了with的宾语的补足语。Maryfeltveryshywithsomanyeyeslookingather.有这么多眼睛看着她，玛丽感到很害羞。过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词除了作状语、定语和表语外,还可以作宾语补足语。宾语与过去分词存在被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两大类:一类是感官动词,另一类是使役动词。1.感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。IfindhisEnglishimprovedalot.我发现他的英语提高很多。过去分词作宾语补足语2.使役动词make,have,get,keep,leave等可以接复合宾语,过去分词作宾补。Theforeignertriedtomakeherselfunderstood,butfailed.这个外国人设法使别人明白她的意思，但失败了。3.意欲动词want,like,wish,expect,wouldlike等可以接复合宾语，过去分词作宾补。Themotherwantsherdaughtertaughtmusicinherfreetime.这位母亲想让她的女儿在空闲时间学音乐。非谓语形式作宾补的区别1.现在分词作宾补和过去分词作宾补的区别现在分词作宾补,宾语是动作的执行者;过去分词作宾补,宾语是动作的承受者。Isawthedogfollowingaman.我看见那只狗跟在一个人的身后。Isawthedogfollowedbyaman.我看见有人在那只狗后面跟着。非谓语形式作宾补的区别2.不定式现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别不定式表示动作的全过程或结果;现在分词表示主动和正在进行;过去分词表示被动和完成。SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.几个学生最后看见瑞德时他正在一家网吧附近玩耍。I'dliketoseeaproposalputforwardatonce.我想看到立马有人提出建议。非谓语形式作宾补的区别3.过去分词现在分词被动式作宾补的区别Sheheardhernamecalledjustamomentago.刚才她听见有人叫过她的名字。(called是过去分词作宾补,表示“被动和完成”)Sheheardhernamebeingcalledfrombehindandstoppedtolookback.她听见有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下来向后看。(beingcalled是现在分词的被动式作宾补，表示“被动和进行”)Vocabulary1.devotedevoted adj.忠诚的;深爱的;全心全意的devotion n.深爱，热爱，奉献devoteone'slife/energy/time/money/attentionto(doing)sth.把某人的生命/精力/时间/金钱/注意力用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.=sb.+bedevotedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事,献身于(做)某事练习：She_______________(devote)tothecauseofpeaceallherlife.wasdevotedVocabulary2.presentationpresent v.呈现;授予n.礼物;目前make/giveashortpresentation 作一个简短介绍thepresentationofevidence 证据的提交thepresentationofprizes 奖品的颁发练习：Iwasaskedtogiveashort_________(present)ontheaimsoftheplan.presentationVocabulary3.establishestablishrelations/links/contact(withsb.) (与某人)建立联系establishanagency 成立一个代理处establishfunds 设立基金establishwhether/if... 确定是否……establishhow... 确定如何……练习：Ourgoalis_________(establish)anewresearchcentreinthenorth.toestablishVocabulary4.damagedo/causedamageto 对……造成损害damagefrom 由……起的损失damageone'sproperty/reputation 损害某人的财产名誉damagetoone'sreputation 对某人名誉的损害payforthedamage 赔偿损失brain/liverdamage 脑损伤/肝损伤damageone'shealth 损害某人的健康canbeeasilydamaged 容易损坏练习：Theearthquakecausedseriousdamage_______thehouse.toVocabulary5.floodfloodwater 洪水causefloods 引发水灾flooddamage 洪涝灾害floodwarnings 水灾警告afloodof 大量的……afloodofcomplaints 大量投诉beinflood (河水)上涨,泛滥infoodsoftears 泪如雨下练习：Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelslike________________(flood)withobjects.tobefloodedVocabulary6.reducereduction n.减少;缩小bereducedto... 沦落为……;被迫……(to为介词)reducesb.totears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默reducefrom+起点

从……降低/减少reduceto+终点

减少到……reduceby+程度

减少了……练习：Itwasfoggysothedriverhadtoreducespeed______fortykilometresanhour.toVocabulary7.severeseverely adv.很严重地;极为恶地lacesevereeconomicproblems 面临严重的经济问题severeweatherconditions 恶劣的天气情况causeseveredamage 造成严重的破坏severeinjuries 严重的伤势aseverewinter 严冬练习：Anyonebreakingthelawwillbe__________(severe)punished.severelyVocabulary8.infectioninfect v.传染;使感染sufferfromaninfection 患上感染/传染病virusinfection 病毒感染haveaninfection 受感染get/developaninfection 受感染treataninfection 治疗感染fightaninfection 抵御传染thesourceofaninfection 传染源练习：Ear__________(infect)arecommoninpreschoolchildren.infectionsVocabulary9.infectionlecturesb.about/onsth. 因某事指责/训斥某人lecturesb.aboutdoingsth. 因做某事指责/训斥某人alectureon/aboutsth. 关于……的讲课/训斥givealecture(tosb.) (给某人)讲课/演讲lectureonsth 讲授某方面的课程attendalecture 出席讲座inthelecturehall 在演讲厅练习：Shelectures______Russianliterature.onReadthepassageandchoosethecorrectformoftheverbs.HannahFraserAttracted/Attractingbymermaidssinceshewasachild,HannahFrasercreatedherfirsttailwhenshewasonlynineyearsold.Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.Shecanbeseenworn/wearingmermaidclothinganddived/divingupto50feetunderwatertoswimwithdolphins,sharksandwhales.SheappearedinTheCove,adocumentaryaimingathighlightingthecrueltyofdolphinhunting.Besidesperformingandmodelling,Hannahtravelstheworldgiven/givingpresentationsandtalks,gettingmorepeopleinvolved/involvingintheconservationofoceanlife.Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectformoftheverbs.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Here,youcanseedramaticlandscapeschangingfrommountainstograsslands,foreststorivers.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlanddamagedbyhumanactivity.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentuntouched,...Sharewhatyouknowabouttheseexpressions.Thesumtotalofallthegreenhousegasemissionsthathadtotakeplaceinorderforaproducttobeproducedorforanactivitytotakeplace.AwarmingofEarth’ssurfaceandtroposphere(thelowestlayeroftheatmosphere)causedbythepresenceofwatervapour,carbondioxide,methane,andcertainothergasesintheair.reusablewaterbottlecarbonfootprintrenewableenergyLEDbulbWaterconservationgreenhouseeffectWorkinpairs.Discusswhatyoucandotohelpdealwithglobalwarming,usingthewordsandexpressionsyouhavelearnt.A:Iwillgotoschoolbybiketoreducemycarbonfootprint.B:IwillbringareusablebagwhenIgoshopping....Listentothelectureandchoosethetopicsthatarecovered.1.Whattheword“smog”means.2.Whentheword“smog”appeared.3.Whatcausedsmoginthepast.4.Whatcausessmognow.5.Theeffectsofsmogontheenvironment.6.Howgovernmentstrytoreducesmog.7.Whatwillhappenifwedon’treducesmog.Listentothelectureandchoosethetopicsthatarecovered.1900s

TheGreatSmog

nowindchemicals

comingfromtraffic

requirementsofpayingtodrivechemicalsActivity9Workinpairsandtalkaboutrecycling.studentATellStudentBaboutrecyclingusingtheinformationbelow.BepreparedtobecorrectedbyStudentB.•Theclassificationofhouseholdwasteaimstohelppeopleseparatedifferenttypesofwaste.Thisisimportantbecausethesedifferenttypesofwastecanbedisposedoforrecycledappropriatelyandeffectively.

•Householdwastecanberoughlydividedinto:

*foodwaste

*non-recyclablewaste

*recyclablewaste,includingpaper,glass,plasticandused

batteriesActivity9Workinpairsandtalkaboutrecycling.studentATellStudentBaboutrecyclingusingtheinformationbelow.BepreparedtobecorrectedbyStudentB.•Chinaplanstointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationand

sortinginthefirstbatchofcitiesby2020.OnlyBeijing,

Shanghai,TianjinandChongqingareincludedinthefirst

batch.•Thetargetrecyclingrateinthesecitieshasbeensetat55%

by2020.studentBListentoStudentAtalkingaboutrecycling.Interruptpolitelytocorrecthim/herusingthefollowinginformation:Activity9•Usedbatteriesareusuallyregardedasnon-recyclablewasteandshouldbedisposedofseparately.•ThefirstbatchofcitiestointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationandsortingincludesBeijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqingandallcapitalsofprovincesandautonomousregions.•Thetargetrecyclingrateinth