2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

PAGEPAGE9LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.阅读理解AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso'smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth­centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12­monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint­Remy­de­Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdescribestheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack­and­whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle“Guernica”referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti­warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅名画。从阿诺菲尼肖的肖像到毕加索的杰作，它们都经受住了时间的考验。1．Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A．Guernica. B．TheHarvesters.C．TheStarryNight. D．TheAmolfiniPortrait.解析：选D细微环节理解题。依据以下几个时间点：其次段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434，第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12­monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint­Remy­de­Provence,Francebetween1889and1890，第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.，以及第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack­and­whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.进行推断可知，TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早创作的画。故选D。2．Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?A．PieterBruegeltheElder.B．VincentvanGogh.C．JanvanEyck.D．PabloPicasso.解析：选A细微环节理解题。依据TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.可知，PieterBruegeltheElder画了这幅描绘丰收季节的画。故选A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A．Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.B．Itdescribedthepainter'slifeinhospital.C．Itwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.D．Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.解析：选C推理推断题。依据TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.可知，TheStarryNight在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选C。BWecanfindrobotseverywhere.Robotsbuildcars,playchessandcleanyourhouse.Theymaydriveyourcarinthenearfuture.Tworobots,namedSpiritandOpportunity,weresenttoMarsonamission(任务)toexploretheredplanet.Robotsalsohelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.Theyareusedinsearchandrescueoperationsfollowinganearthquakeoranuclearaccident.Inmostcases,robotsaresenttoplacesconsideredtobeunsafe.Theproblemisthatallofthosetypesofsituationsareextremelyunpredictableandunfriendly.Anditisverylikelythatrobotsinthosesituationsbecomedamaged.Whenadoglosesaleg,theanimaleventuallyfindsthebestwaytogetaroundonthreelegs.Inashorttime,thedoglearnstodealwithitsphysicaldisability.Now,scientistshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinthesameway.JeffClune,acomputerscientist,isdevelopingthelatestandadvancedtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinueoperatingafterthefirstsignofinjury.Hewantsthemachinestohavetheabilitytoanalyzethecauseandchangetocontinueperforminguntiltheycanberepaired.Theresearchershaveaddedonemoreoperationtotheskilledsetofrobotsworkingundercomplicatedconditions.Theyprogrammedahexapodrobotwithsixlegsandaroboticarm.TheirfindingswerereportedinthejournalNature.Oncethehexapodrobotsbecomedamaged,theycanusetheirownknowledgeofhowtheirbodyworkstofindasolution.Thehexapodrobotsarealsoprogrammedwithchild­likecuriosity.Inotherwords,theyarealwaysaskingquestionsandlookingfortheanswers.Thewholeprocessjusttakesaboutaminutefortherobotstoovercomethedamageandcontinuetocarryoutthetask.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今，机器人无处不在，它们被应用于各个领域。科学家们正在研发一种新的技术，使机器人遭到损坏时能够快速做出变更并接着执行任务。4．Whatdoweknowaboutrobots?A．Theyusuallyworkindangerousplaces.B．Theymaydogreatharmtopeople.C．Dogsareusedtohelpthemworkwell.D．Peoplecan'tlivenormallywithoutthem.解析：选A细微环节理解题。依据第一段可知，机器人应用很广泛。依据其次段可知，在大多数状况下，机器人被派往危急的地方。故选A项。5．AccordingtoJeffClune,thenewtechnology．A．helpsrobotsdealwiththedamageB．protectsrobotsfromseriousharmC．makesrobotshaveself­repairabilityD．allowsrobotstorealisepossibledanger解析：选A细微环节理解题。依据第三段可知，杰夫正在开发探讨新技术使机器人在受损后能够分析缘由并做出变更以接着执行任务。6．Whatcanweinferaboutthehexapodrobots?A．TheideaofthemisfromNature.B．Theycansensepeople'sfeelings.C．Theylooklikechildreninappearance.D．Theycanmakechangesinaveryshorttime.解析：选D推理推断题。依据第四、五段可知，六足机器人能够找到方法修复损伤并接着执行任务，整个过程大约只须要一分钟的时间。7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoUseRobotsProperlyB．RobotsAreHelpfultoHumansC．DamagedRobotsLearntoKeepWorkingD．TheDevelopmentoftheHexapodRobot解析：选C标题归纳题。本文主要讲了科学家利用先进技术独创了六足机器人，这种机器人遭到损坏后仍旧可以接着工作。Ⅱ.完形填空MealsonWheelsdeliveryserviceisforthosefacinglife­threateningillnesseslikeBordendidbackin2012.ShehadjustfinishedaMaster'sprogramin1whenshewasdiagnosed(诊断)withcancercalledInvasiveDuctalCarcinoma.Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.BordenmovedtoGrandRapids,Michigantotakecareofherselfwhile2hermother.“It'sa3timeinyourlifewhenyouhavegreatneedfornutritionbutyoucan'tprovidehealthy4foryourself，”Bordensaid.“HavingaMaster'sinNutrition,Iknewhow5nourishmentwasduringmycancertreatmentandrecovery.”ShestartedReviveandThrivewhilegoingthroughtreatment,6outtolocalhospitalsandkitchenstogettheorganizationofftheground.Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.She8eachpatienttogetasenseofwhattheirnutritionneedsareandhowlongthey'llneedhelp.Then,shegetsto9．“Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods,to10jobskills,lifeskillsandthejoyofbeingableto11othersintheircommunity，”Bordensays.Sheworkswithaheadchefwho12thenutrient­richmealsandmakessureeachmealcontainstheessentialvitaminsandproteinsthatapersonfightingalife­threateningillness13．“Whenyou're14anddealingwithcancerbyyourself,itcancauseyoumoredepression.Knowingsomebodycaresaboutwhatyoueatis15，”shesaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Borden在自己被诊断为癌症后，成立了一个为癌症病人供应健康饮食的组织。她认为有人关切病人的饮食会让病人受到鼓舞，更好地抗击疾病。1．A.medicine B．educationC．economics D．nutrition解析：选D依据下文的HavingaMaster'sinNutrition可知Borden是学养分学的。句意：她刚完成一个养分学(nutrition)的硕士项目，就被诊断得了名为InvasiveDuctalCarcinoma的癌症。2．A.nursing B．teachingC．guiding D．training解析：选A依据上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知她的妈妈也生病了，故此处用“照看”，nurse和takecareof是同义词复现。3．A.dangerous B．hardC．common D．valuable解析：选B依据上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知，此处用“艰难的日子”符合语境。句意：Borden说：“这是你生命中一段艰难的(hard)日子，在这期间你须要大量的养分，但是你不能给自己供应健康的饮食。”4．A.lifestyles B．spiritC．meals D．sleep解析：选C依据下文的Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.可知此处用“饮食”符合语境，meal是原词复现。5．A.rare B．adequateC．comfortable D．important解析：选D句意：作为一个养分学硕士，我知道在我的癌症治疗和复原期间养分物质是多么重要(important)。6．A.going B．callingC．reaching D．speaking解析：选C句意：她在治疗期间成立了ReviveandThrive这一组织，求助于(reachout)当地的医院和餐厅，让组织发展起来。7．A.enjoying B．preparingC．checking D．comparing解析：选B结合上下文可知，Borden成立的ReviveandThrive是为病人打算健康饮食的组织。句意：很快，她就为那些通过社工、护士和医生向她求助的病人打算(prepare)饮食。8．A.tells B．curesC．exams D．meets解析：选D句意：她亲自和每位病人见面(meet)，了解她们对养分物质的需求，以及须要多长时间的帮助。9．A.rest B．workC．school D．bed解析：选B此处是指Borden了解了病人的需求后，起先养分餐的打算工作。句意：然后她起先工作(work)。10．A.learn B．showC．require D．test解析：选A句意：Borden说：“给病人供应养分餐和教他们做养分餐、学会(learn)工作和生活技能、享受为社区的其他人服务同等重要。”11．A.judge B．serveC．gather D．relax解析：选B依据上文的Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods可知此处用“服务”符合语境，serve是原词复现。12．A.eats B．expectsC．creates D．proves解析：选C句意：她和一个主厨合作，主厨负责开发(create)富含养分的饮食，并确保每一餐都包含一个人抗击疾病所须要(need)的基本的维他命和蛋白质。13．A.needs B．makesC．shares D．provides解析：选A参见上题解析。14．A.alone B．wiseC．old D．free解析：选A依据“byyourself”可知此处用“独自”符合语境。句意：她说：“当你一个人独自(alone)抗击癌症时，你会更加懊丧。知道有人关切你的饮食是鼓舞人心的。”15．A.interesting B．amusingC．amazing D．inspiring解析：选D结合上下文可知，此处是指病人知道有人关切自己的饮食会让他们受到鼓舞(inspiring)、精神振作。Ⅲ.语法填空LearningEnglishusedtobeaboutdevelopingfourskills：listening，speaking，readingandwriting.Afterall，that's1theexamsaredesigned—withfourskillstestedseparately.Butovertheyears，educatorshavecome2(realise)thatthesefourskillsshouldneverhavebeenseparated，butpracticedallatonce.Andthebestwaytodothatis，perhaps，throughpublicspeaking.AccordingtoMeiDeming，aprofessorofEnglishatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity，givingaspeechinaninternationallanguage3(require)aspeakertointegrate(使成为一体)knowledgeandcontent4(mental)andexpresstheresultsystematically.Speakersmustdrawonthebeautyofthelanguageasawholeinordertocommunicatewithanaudience.ThisiswhytheannualChinaDaily“21stCenturyCup”NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionhasbeengaininginpopularitysinceitbeganin1996.“Thiscompetitionhasworked5amodelfordevelopingstudents'public­speakingskillsinEnglishandprovidedideasforEnglishteachinginschoolsandinlearninginabroadersense，”saidMei.ShiGuohua，6EnglishteacheratShanghaiQibaoHighSchool，heldasimilarview.HesaidthatkeycompetenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.Healso7(stress)thatcommunicationshouldgobothwayssincetraditionalEnglish­speakingeducationhasfocusedtoomuchongettingmessagesoutwhile8(ignore)thereceiverofthesemessages—theaudience.“It'simportanttounderstandtheaudienceandbuildthelinkbetweenthecontentbeingdeliveredandtheinterestsoftheaudience，”hesaid.“It'salsoimportanttoc