高中人教版英语必修5学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Warming Up 与 Reading 含答案

Unit1Greatscientists

错贝尔奖获得者屠呦呦

TheNobelPrizewinner-----TuYouyou

TuYouyou,thefirstChinesewomantowinaNobelPrizein

science,hasmadeusallproud.Tu,bornin1930,discoveredartemisinin

（青蒿素），adrugthathasreducedthedeathrateforpatientssufferingfrom

malaria（疟疾）."Artemisininisagiftfortheworldpeoplefromthe

traditionalChinesemedicine^^.Itisofgreatimportanceforcuring

malariaandotherinfectiousdiseasesandforprotectingthehealthofthe

worldpeople.

Tu'swinningtheprizeshowsthatChinahasmaderapidprogressin

scientificandtechnologicalfieldandmarksagreatcontributionof

traditionalChinesemedicinetothecauseofhumanhealth.

TuwasborninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Chinaon30December,

1930.TustudiedatBeijingMedicalUniversitySchoolofPharmacy,and

graduatedin1955.LaterTuwastrainedfortwoandahalfyearsin

traditionalChinesemedicine.TuworkedattheAcademyofChinese

MedicineinBeijingaftergraduation.Shewaspromotedtoaresearcherin

1980onlyaftertheChineseeconomicreform.In2011,Tubecamethefirst

scientistinChinatowinAmerica'sLaskerAward（拉斯克奖）forher

achievements.CurrentlysheistheChiefScientistintheAcademy.

开启快乐学习之旅

中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，从而成为首

位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。她不怕吃苦、执着追求的精神值得

我们学习，其淡泊名禾人默默奉献的品质让我们感动。“十年磨一剑”，

科学就需要这样的坚持和韧劲做支撑！

SectionIWarmingUp&Reading

课前预习KEQIANYUXI---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I.重点单词

1.defeat（".）打败；战胜；使受挫（儿）失败

2.expert（a力.）熟练的;经验或知识丰富的（”.）专家；行家

3.attend（".）照顾；护理；出席；参加

4.expose（".）暴露；揭露；使曝光

5.cure（九）治愈；痊愈（”.）治愈；治疗

6.suspect（a）认为；怀疑（儿）被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

7.handle（儿）柄；把手（”）处理；操纵

8.link连接；联系

9.blame（".）责备；谴责；把...归咎于（儿）过失；责备

10.victim（九）受害者

11.characteristic（儿）特征；特性character（九）（事物的）特性；

性质；（人的）品质；性格

12.absorb（".）吸收；吸引；使专心fabsorbed（a力:）全神贯注的；

一心一意的

13.announce（叫宣布；通告一announcement（".）宣告；宣布

fannouncer（上）播音员；宣告者

14.scientific（名。）科学的fscience（儿）科学一scientist（".）科学家

15.pollute（".）污染；弄脏-pollution（儿）污染

16.instruct（".）命令；指示；教导一instruction（儿）命令；指示

17.conclude（".&式.）结束；推断出一conclusion（九）结论；结束

18.challenge（九）挑战（”.）向...挑战-challenging色4.）具有挑

战性的

n.核心短语

1.putforward提出；推荐

2.drawaconclusion得出结论

3.expose...to使显露；暴露

4.ofsb.'s/sth.'sday在某人/某物存在的时候

5.faceachallenge面临挑战

6.mark...on...在...上把...标出来

7.betoblame该受责备；应负责

8.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来

9.lookinto调查

10.slowdown减速；减缓

III.经典句式

1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasan

outbreak.

因此，每次霍乱暴发时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。

3.Intwoparticularstreets，thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethat

morethan500peoplediedintendays.

在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多

人死亡。

4.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthat

thesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.

为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰・斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。

单词攻略

1.联想记单词

①虽然他是嫌疑犯(suspect),但我们也要尊重(respect)他。

②不要责备(blame)这个病腿(lame)的人。

③不要跳(jump)到水泵(pump)上。

2.归类记单词：一ly结尾的形容词

deadly致命的；friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的；lonely

孤独的；daily每日的；weekly每星期的；yearly每年的

3.名词动用

①defeatn.失败一”.击败

②challenge".挑战一口.向...挑战

③suspect机被怀疑者；嫌疑犯一”.认为；怀疑

④cure机治愈；痊愈一治愈；治疗

4.名词后缀：一tion,—sion,—ment

©pollutevt.污染；弄脏一pollution儿污染

②instruct".命令;指示；教导一instruction机命令；指示

©concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出一conclusion机结论；结束

©announcevt.宣布；iMo'^announcementn.宣告；宣布

课文预读

［原文呈现］

JOHNSNOW①DEFEATS②

“KINGCHOLERA③”

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert®,indeed,that

heattended5QueenVictoria®asherpersonalphysician\Buthebecame

inspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedto⑧

cholera.Thiswasthedeadly⑨diseaseofitsday⑩.Neitheritscausenorits

cure®wasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery

lime*ihcrcwasanoutbreak'".JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallenge®

andsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolled

untilitscausewasfound.

Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthat⑮possiblyexplainedhow

cholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied⑯inthe

air.Acloudof@dangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims®.

Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbed®thisdiseaseintotheirbodies

withtheirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebody

andsoontheaffected@persondied.

[读文清障]

①JohnSnow约翰・斯诺(1813—1858),英国医生

②defeat[drfi：t]”.打败;战胜;使受挫

③KingCholera1854年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱

©expert['eksp3it]adj.熟练的n.专家;行家

©attend[a'tend]vt.照顾；护理；参加

⑥QueenVictoria维多利亚女王(1819—1901)

©physician[fl'zljn]n.医生；内科医师

⑧expose[Ik'spoUz]...to使...显露；暴露

过去分词短语exposedtocholera作后置定语，修饰people□

©deadly['dedll]adj.致命的

⑩ofitsday当时；那时。在句中作后置定语。

⑪cure[kjg]儿治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗

⑫everytime每次，用作连词,连接时间状语从句。

⑬outbreak['autbrelk]n.爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）

⑭challenge['tjaellndb]n.挑战

⑮that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories。

⑯multiply。.繁殖；成倍增加；乘

⑰acloudof一团...

⑱victim['vlktlm]n.受害者

©absorb[ab'zoib]vt.吸收；吸引;使专心

absorb...into…将...吸入....

⑳过去分词affected在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。

约翰•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

[第1〜2段译文]

约翰・斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了

维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的

普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知

道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次霍乱暴发时就有成

千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰・斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他

知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。

对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的看法，斯诺

对这两种看法比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它

像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到宿主为止。第二种看法是人们

是在吃饭时把这种病毒带入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，

感染者很快就会死亡。

JohnSnowsuspected-thatthesecondtheorywascorrect

butheneededevidence.Sowhenanotheroutbreakhit㉒London

in1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry"".As®thedisease

spreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods4,hebeganto

gatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraout­

breakwassosevere"that®morethan500peoplediedinten

days.Hewasdeterminedtofindout①why.

㉑suspect[sa'spekt]vt.认为；怀疑['sAspekt]n.被怀疑者；嫌疑

犯

㉒hit".（厄运、灾难等）突然袭击；侵袭

enquiry[In'kwalarl]n.询问

㉔as在句中引导时间状语，意为“当……时候”。

@neighbourhood['nelbahod]n.附近；邻近

㉖severe［sPvI。］。的.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的

㉗so...that...”如此以至于……”

㉘bedeterminedtodo下定决心做

［第3段译文］、约翰・斯诺推测第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证

据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰・斯诺就准备开始他的

调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条

特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他

决心要查明原因。

Firsthemarkedon®amaptheexactplaceswhereallthe

deadpeoplehadlived㉚.Thisgavehimavaluableclue®about

thecauseofthedisease.Manyofthedeaths®werenearthe

waterpump-inBroadStreet⑦(especiallynumbers16,37,38

and40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21

BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet®)hadhadno

deaths.HehadnotforeseenAthis,sohemadefurtherinvesti­

gations®.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat

7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohad

notdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthat®thewater

wastoblame.

Next,JohnSnowlookedinto®thesourceofthewaterfor

thesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollu­

tedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Heimmediatelytoldthe

astonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandleufrom

thepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused"'".Soonafterwardsthe

diseasesloweddown®.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspread

bygerms®andnotinacloudofgas.

㉙mark...on…把...标在...上

㉚where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places。

㉛clue[klu:]n.线索；提示

@deathn.死；死亡（人数）；死亡案例

®pump[pAmp]n.泵；抽水机”.（用泵）抽（水）

©BroadStreet牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。

⑻Cambridge['kelmbrld3]Street剑桥大街

@foresee[fo:'si：]vt.（foresaw,foreseen）预见；预知

©investigation_InIVestIgeljll]儿调查

@Itseemedthat…好像...

®blame[blelm]vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备

betoblame应受责备；该受责备

⑩lookinto调查；了解

©pollute[pa'luit]vt.污染；弄脏

©handle['haendl]n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵

卷）s。that引导目的状语从句。

⑥slowdown减缓；缓解

©germ[d33:m]n.微生物；细菌

[第4〜5段译文]

首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。这提

供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水

泵附近（特别是16、37、38、40号）。约翰・斯诺还发现有些住宅（如宽街

上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。他以前

没预见到这种情况，所以他进行了更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人

都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此

他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。

接下来，约翰•斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里

来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措

的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到

缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。

InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupporting®evidence

fromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtheBroadStreet

outbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroad

Street®,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit

delivered'""toherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughter

diedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.Withthisextraevi­

denceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintyj!that

pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

Topreventthisfromhappening®again,JohnSnowsug­

gestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined"'.

Thewatercompanieswereinstructed1nottoexposepeopleto

pollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera“wasdefeated.

®supportingadj.有力的；（演员、角色）次要的；配角的

supportingevidence有力的证据

©link[llgk]vt.&n.连接；联系

link...to…将……和……联系或连接起来

@who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词womano

@haditdelivered（让人运送它）中it代指上文的water,have为使

役动词，过去分词delivered作宾语补足语。

@announce[a'naUns]vt.宣布；通告

㉛withcertainty”肯定地"，作状语。

prevent...(from)doing阻止...做

②beexamined为虚拟语气结构，其前省略了should□

@instruct[In'strAkt]vt.命令；指示；教导

instructsb.todosth.指导某人做某事

[第6〜7段译文]

在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡

病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜

欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的

女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰•斯

诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。

为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰・斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检

测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，

“霍乱王”被击败了。

课文理解

TaskOne：FastReading

I.Thetextmainlytellsusabout.

A.JohnSnow,afamousdoctor,whohadtwotheoriesabouthow

choleraspread

B.JohnSnow,afamousdoctor,whotestedthetwotheories,foundthe

causeofcholeraandhowtocontrolit

C.JohnSnow,asafamousdoctor,warnedpeoplenottodrinkthe

pollutedwater

D.JohnSnow'stwofamoustheoriesaboutcholerawhichweregreat

答案：B

II.Readthepassagetofindatopicsentenceforeachparagraphby

fillingintheblanks.

Para.lWhat1.causescholera?

Para.2Whichtheoryis2.correct?

Para.33.Collectdataonthosewhofellillordiedandwherethey

lived.

Para.4Plotinformationonamaptofindout

4.wherepeoplediedordidn't.

Para.5Findoutwheretheygottheirwater.Analysethewatertosee

5.ifitwasthecauseofthedeaths.

Para.6Findother6.evidencetosupporttheanalysis.

Para.7Itwascertainthat7.pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.

TaskTwo：CarefulReading

I.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).

1.Cholerawouldneverbecontrolledevenifitscausewas

found.(F)

2.Thediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyfromthestomachandsoon

theaffectedpersondied.(T)

3.JohnSnowbegantocollecttheinformationbeforethedisease

spread.(F)

4.Intwoparticularstreets,over500peoplediedin10dayswhen

anotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854.(T)

5.DeathsofthewomanandherdaughterwerelinkedtotheBroad

Streetoutbreak.(T)

II.Readthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon.

B.Thereasonthatcausedthedeadlydiseasecholera.

C.JohnSnowsolvedtheproblemofcholera.

D.Adeadlydiseaseinhistory-cholera.

较1=1靠■VCz

2.WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?

A.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfoundits

victims.

B.Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

C.Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.

D.Somepeoplethrewmedicinetothedrinkingwater.

答案：B

3.Before1854,whencholerabrokeout,.

A.manythousandsofpeopledied

B.peoplewithcholeracouldbecured

C.JohnSnowbegantoknowitscause

D.JohnSnowhadbegunhisenquiry

答案：A

4.Howdidhefindoutthecauseofthedisease?

A.Bylivingintheareawherecholerabrokeout.

B.Bymarkingamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.

C.Bytellingtheterrifiedpeoplehowtopreventit.

D.Bydoingmanyexperimentsinhislab.

答案：B

5.WhatdoyouthinktheLondonerswoulddowiththeunusedpumps

afterdefeating“KingCholera,,?

A.Theywoulddestroythem.

B.Theywouldreusethemaftercleaning.

C.Theywoulddesertthemforgood.

D.Theywouldlookforanewwatersource.

答案：B

TaskThree：Micro-writing

Readthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.

JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.Cholerawasthe

1.deadly(dead)diseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause2.noritscurewas

understood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimethere

wasanoutbreak.Atthattime,thereweretwotheories3.explaining(explain)

howcholerakilledpeople.JohnSnow4.believed(believe)inthesecond

one.

Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughthepoorneighbourhoods,he

began5.togather(gather)theinformation.Hemarked6.onamapwhere

allthedeadpeoplehadlived.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecause

ofthedisease.Thatwas,thewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumpseemed

7.toblame(blame).Furthermore,hefoundthewatercamefromthe

8.polluted(pollute)riverfromLondon.Withanothertwocases,JohnSnow

9.announced(announce)withcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthe

diseaseandsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies

10.(should)beexamined(examine).Finally“KingCholera^^wasdefeated.

课堂互疝KETANGHUDONG

重点单词

1conclusionn.结论；结束

(教材Pl)Drawaconclusion.得出结论。

(l)inconclusion最后，总之

makeaconclusion下结论

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论，告一段落

(2)concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出

conclude…by/with...以...结束

conclude...from...从...中推断

一［即学即用］

(l)OvertheyearsI'vecometoaconclusionthatshe'saverygreat

musician.

这些年来，我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。

(2)FromwhathesaysIconcludethathehasnotmuchinterestinit.

我从他所说的话来判断，他对此没有多大兴趣。

(3)Itisreportedthatthetalksbetweenthetwocountriesareexpected

toconcludeonSaturday.

据报道，这两国之间的会谈有望在星期六结束。

(4)语法填空

①Moreresearchisneededbeforeadefiniteconclusion(conclude)can

bereached.

(2)Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankyouforallyourhelp.

(3)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto

concludeitwithimportantpoints.

④Thiscontestwilllastoneandahalfmonths,concluding(conclude)

atthemiddleofDecember.

2defeatvt.击败；战胜；使受挫n.失败

(教材P2)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA^^

约翰•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

一［即学即用］

(l)Thegeneralsufferedseveraldefeatsbeforefinallybeatingthe

enemy.

那位将军遭受数次战败后，终于击败敌军。

(2)Nodifficultycandefeatthisbravemansinceheissoconfidentand

capable.

没有困难可以击败这个勇敢的人，因为他很有信心并且很有能力。

(3)Althoughhewasdefeatedintheboxingmatch,allthefansknew

thathehadplayedtothebestofhisability.

虽然在这场拳击赛中他被打败了，但是，所有的支持者都知道他

已经尽了最大的努力。

(4)语法填空

①ThegamewasoverandItalywonthevictory,defeating(defeat)

Australia.

②Theyoungplayerwasdefeated(defeat)byhispartnerinthegame,

buthedidn'tloseheart.

③Thewoundedhadtobeleftbehindwhenthedefeated(defeat)army

left.

3attendvt.&vi.照料，护理；出席，参加

(教材P2)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,

indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.

约翰・斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了

维多利亚女王的私人医生。

attendalecture/movie/meeting听演讲/看电影/参加会议

attendchurch做礼拜

attendawedding参加婚礼

attendto处理，对付；照料；接待(客人)

D［即学即用］

(l)Sheisnowcrazyaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissany

chancetoattendaconcertwithherhusband.

她现在对古典音乐着了迷，不会错过任何一次和她丈夫一同听音

乐会的机会。

(2)Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecause

shewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.

简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为那个时候她会在一个班

教课。

(3)I'mafraidIcan'tgotoyourpartytonight,forIhavesomething

importanttoattendto.

恐怕今晚我不能参加你们的聚会了，因为我有重要的事情要处理。

(4)语法填空

①Hemadeanapologytomeforhisnotattending(attend)theconcert

ontime.

②SinceIambusy,wouldyouattendtothematterforme?

(5)写出句中attendto的意义

①Imaybelate-Ihaveoneortwothingstoattendto.(处理；办理)

②WillyouattendtotheshopforafewminuteswhileIgotothe

bank?(照顾；照看)

③Pmtoobusy.Ican'tattendtoyounow.(接待；招待)

4exposevt.使暴露，揭露，显露，使接触，使曝光

(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelping

ordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.

但当他一想到要帮助那些遭受霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振

奋。

expose...to...把...暴露在...下

exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)

把...显露或暴露于...

beexposedto暴露于；接触到

一［即学即用］

(l)Don'texposeyourskintodirectsunlight,oryou'llgetsunburnt.

不要让你的皮肤直接暴露于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。

(2)Exposingstudentstogoodartandmusicisagoodthing.

让学生接触美好的艺术和音乐是一件好事。

(3)ViatheInternet,wecanbeexposedtoinfiniteinformation.

通过因特网，我们可以接触到无限的信息。

(4)语法填空

①Tostaywarmincoldweather,cold-bloodedanimalsmustexpose

themselvestoasourceofwarmthsuchasdirectsunlight.

②Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentoplaying

(play)computergames.

③Helaughed,exposing(expose)hisyellowingbrokenteeth.

5curen.痊愈，治愈vt.治愈；治疗

(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

(l)acurefor.......的治疗办法(药物等)

(2)curesb.治愈，治好(病人)

curesb.ofsth.治好某人的....

口［即学即用］

(l)Findingacureforcancerisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacing

medicalresearchers.

寻找癌症的治疗方法是医学研究者们所面临的最大挑战之一。

(2)Doctorsarenowabletocurepeopleofmanydiseaseswhichin

formertimeswouldhavekilledthem.

现在，医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。

(3)语法填空

(DScientistshavesofarfailedtoprovideacureforthecommoncold.

②Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocure(cure)because

theyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.

6absorbvt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心

(教材P2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseinto

theirbodieswiththeirmeals.

第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。

absorbsb.'sattention吸引某人注意

absorboneselfin=be/getabsorbedin全神贯注于...

beabsorbedby被...吞并；为...所吸收

□［巧学助记］

一［即学即用］

(l)Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthe

soil.

植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从土壤中汲取水分。

(2)Thesurroundingvillageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowingcity.

周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市中。

(3)Shewassoabsorbedinherjobthatshedidn'thearanyone

knockingatthedoor.

—Soabsorbedwassheinherjobthatshedidn'thearanyone

knockingatthedoor.

她工作非常专心，以至于有人敲门也没听到。

(4)语法填空

(DAbsorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeevening

approaching.

(2)Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthe

sofa,absorbing(absorb)themselvesinconversation.

③Thoughitwasmidnight,shefoundherdaughtercompletely

absorbed(absorb)inherhomework.

7suspectvt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

(教材P2)JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbut

heneededevidence.

约翰•斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。

suspectsb./sth.怀疑某人/某事

suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做某事

suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是...

suspect+that从句怀疑...

口［即学即用］

(l)Onthefaceofit,heseemstobetellingthetruththoughIsuspect

he'shidingsomething.

表面上看，他似乎说的是实话，然而我怀疑他有所隐瞒。

(2)Themanagersaidhesuspectedthemanofstealingthepapersall

along.

经理说他一直都怀疑是那个人偷了文件。

(3)Itwasreportedthatthatmanwassuspectedtobeconnectedwith

thecrime.

据报道，那个人被怀疑与该犯罪事件有关。

(4)语法填空

①Thatengineerissuspectedofrevealingthegovernmentsecretto

theenemy.

②Thefellowsuspected(suspect)ofkillinghiswifewasfinallyput

intoprison.

8announcevt.通告，宣布

(教材P3)WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannounce

withcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

有了这个额外的证据，约翰・斯诺就能够断言这种被污染了的水携

带着病菌。

(l)Itisannouncedthat...据宣布.../据通知...

announcesth.tosb./tosb.sth.向某人宣布某事

(2)announcementn.通告，宣告，通知

makeanannouncement宣布

(3)announcern.广播员，播音员

…3［温馨提示］

表示“向某人宣布某事"用announcesth.tosb./tosb.sth.,而不能用

announcesb.sth.□

D［即学即用］

(l)MrWang,teacherofClass2,announcedtotheclassthatthere

wouldbenoschooltomorrow.

二班的王老师向学生们宣布明天不上课。

(2)Thedateoftheexaminationwillbeannouncedtoallschoolslater

intheyear.

今年晚些时候将向所有学校宣布考试日期。

(3)Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwould

theresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.

有通知规定，只有当火势得以控制后，才能允许居民们回家。

(4)语法填空

①Afterthepresidentmadeanofficialannouncement(announce),

sheexpressedherpersonalopinion.

②Thejudgesdidnotknowshewasphysicallydisableduntilthefirst

prizewinnerwasannounced(announce).

③Ihadjustfinishedmyexampaperwhenthebellrang,announcing

(announce)theclasswasover.

9blamevt.责备；谴责；把...归咎于

n.责怪，指责；过失

(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

看来水是罪魁祸首。

(l)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人

blamesth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人

sb上etoblamefor(doing)sth.某人因(做)某事应该受

到责备

(2)bear/taketheblame承担责任

put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人

D［即学即用］

(l)Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesin

speakingEnglish.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。

(2)ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack'scarelessdriving.

—Thepoliceput/laidtheblameforthetrafficaccidentonJack's

carelessdriving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

(3)Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyou

yourselfaretoblame.

不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时候该怪你自己。

(4)语法填空

①Itiscommonthatnowadayssomestudentsputtheblamefortheir

poorperformanceinstudyontheirlowIQ.

②Hisadmissionthathewastoblame(blame)fortheaccidentkept

theothersfrombeingpunished.

10instructv.命令；指示；教导

(教材P3)Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeople

topollutedwateranymore.

自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。

(l)instructsb.todosth.指示某人做某事

instructsb.in(doing)sth.指导某人(做)某事

(2)instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意义的

(3)instructionn.(常用复数形式)用法说明,

操作指南；指示，命令；讲授

D［即学即用］

(l)Thecollegewillneedanadditionalteachertoinstructthestudents

incooking.

这所技术学校需要增加一名老师来向学生们传授烹饪技术。

(2)Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibeganto

acquireconfidence.

在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。

(3)1wantyoutoinstructthemthatthey'vegotthreemonthstogetthe

detailssortedout.

我想让你告知他们，他们有3个月的时间来解决细节问题。

(4)语法填空

①Thescientist'sreportwassoinstructive(instruct)thatwewereall

veryexcited.

②Inthecaseofanemergency,followtheinstructions(instruct)

writteninsidetheelevatorandtrytokeepotherscalm.

③Afinelifeisalifeinstructed(instruct)byknowledgeand

stimulatedbylove.

核心短语

1putforward提出（建议、计划'理论等）；把...向前拨或移;

推荐，提名，推举

（教材Pl）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?

谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？

putup挂起；举起；张贴

puton穿上；上演；假装

putaway把...收好，存放；储蓄

putanendto结束

putout熄灭，扑灭

putupwith容忍，忍受

putoff推迟

putdown记下；镇压

…3［温馨提示］

在表示“提出"时，comeupwith和putforward为及物动词短语，

可以用于被动语态；而comeup是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。

D［即学即用］

(l)Aninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearound

Marshasbeenputforward(=hasbeencomeupwith).

有人提出一条测定火星周围大气层的有趣的建议。

(2)MywatchwasslowsoIputitforwardthreeminutes.

我的手表慢了，因此我把它往前拨了3分钟。

(3)Thewarmweatherhasputthecropsforwardbyamonth.

暖和的天气使庄稼早熟了一个月。

(4)用put短语的适当形式填空

①Whywedecidedtoputoffthemeetingwasthatourheadmaster

hadn'tcomebackfromBeijing.

②Myparentswantedmetobeadoctor,butIcouldn'tputupwith

allthoseyearsofstudy.

③You'dbetterputforwardyourreasonsrightnow.Wehavenotime

towaste.

@Youarenotallowedtoputupadvertisementsonthiswallwithout

specialpermission.

2belinkedto和...连在一起

(教材P3)InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidence

fromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.

在伦敦的另外一个地区，他从另外两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联

的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。

link...to...把....连接到...

link...with…把...和...连接起来

D［即学即用］

(l)Thetwotownsarelinkedtoeachotherbyarailway.

这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。

(2)ThisoldSilkRoadlinkedChinawiththeWestinancienttime.

这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。

(3)Regularairtrafficlinksthecitytotherestofthecountry.

定期班机把这座城市和全国其他地方连接起来了。

(4)Thehighwaybeingbuiltwill

linkthebigcitywiththissmalltown.

正在修建的高速公路将把那座大城市和这个小镇连接起来。

(5)It'spossiblethathewaslinkedtothecase:hemighthavehada

handinplanningthemurder.

有可能他和这个案子有关：他可能参与计划了这起谋杀案。

经典句型，

Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

1人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗