专题14 谓语 (解析版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略专题14谓语知识网络一．各种时态1.一般现在时：用法：1）目前的状况：Wearestillyoung.我们还年轻。2）经常或习惯动作：Ineversituplateintothenight.3）真理或客观存在：Twoheadsarebetterthanone.4）时间、条件状语从句表将来：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgo.构成：1）一般加s：attack,donate,occur,recover,respond,clap,escape,ache,survive2）以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾加es：focus,fix,flash,approach,attach,go,do3）辅音字母+y结尾，y→ies：study,carry,fly,worry,apply,fancy4）特殊变化：have→has,be→am/is/are2.一般过去时用法：1)a.在过去确定时间里存在的状态：Atthattimehewasyoung.b.在过去确定时间里发生的动作:Hecameherethreedaysago.2)在过去某个时间内经常发生的事：Weoftenwentboatingwhenwewerechildren.3)时间、条件状语从句表示过去将来：Hetelephonedmetosaythathewouldn’tcomeifitrainedthenextday.构成：1)一般直接加ed：want,work,clean,attack,crash,prevent,deliver2)结尾有e(不发音)只加d：survive,tie,donate,breathe,escape,ache3)读闭音节，双写尾字母再加ed：jog,hug,chat,refer,occur4)辅音字母+y结尾，y→ied：study,marry,apply,fancy3.一般将来时用法：1)在将来某个时间里会发生的动作或存在的状态：Theguideswillentertainyouwithstories.2)按时刻表或日程表上将要做的事：Whendoestheplanearrive?构成：1)begoingto+原形：We’regoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.2)am/is/are+现在分词：I’mleavingforShanghaitonight.3)beto+原形(公务安排或必须做的事)：HeistovisitJapannextyear.4)beaboutto+原形(即将)：Thatpackageisabouttocomeunwrapped.4.过去将来时用法：1)在过去某个时间看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态构成：1)would+原形：Shetoldmesheprobablywouldcome.2)was/were+现在分词：Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.3)was/weregoingto+原形：Wefocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.5.现在进行时用法：表示正在进行的动作或发生的事情：Iamtranslatingabookthesedays.构成：am/is/are+现在分词现在分词：1)一般加ing：reflect,apply,suffer,prevent,deliver2)去e加ing：explore,bite,hesitate,breathe,escape3)双写末字母加ing：quit,permit,chat,refer,occur6.过去进行时用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的事：Iwasdoingmylessonsthistimeyesterday.构成:was/were+现在分词7.将来进行时用法：表示在将来某时正在进行的动作：Bythistimetomorrow,I’llbelyingonthebeach.构成：willbe+现在分词8.现在完成时用法：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。常与already,yet,ever,never,before,just,once,twice,threetimes等连用2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。常与“for+时间段”,“since+时间点”，以及in/overthepastfewyears,inthelastthreeyears,sofar,tillnow,uptonow,thesedays等连用构成:have/has+过去分词Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyvillagesince1978.9.过去完成时用法：1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去的动作或状态构成:had+过去分词WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.10.现在完成进行时用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去的动作或状态构成:have/hasbeen+现在分词Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears.二．被动语态概念：1)主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。如：WestudyEnglisheveryday.2)被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。如：Englishisstudiedallovertheworld.构成:be(体现时态)+过去分词a.一般现在时构成：am/is/are+过去分词：RiceisgrowninSouthChina.b.一般过去时构成：was/were+过去分词：Shewasaskedtosingasong.c.一般将来时构成：willbe/goingtobe+过去分词：TheconferencewillbeheldinBeijing.d.过去将来时构成：wouldbe+过去分词：Heknewhewouldbepunishedforit.e.现在进行时构成：am/is/arebeing+过去分词：Theroadisbeingwidened.f.过去进行时构成：was/werebeing+过去分词：Theroadwasbeingrepairedthen.g.现在完成时构成：have/hasbeen+过去分词：Alltheticketshavebeensoldout.h.过去完成时构成：hadbeen+过去分词：AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIarried.i.含情态动词构成：情态动词+be+过去分词：Morespacestationsmaybebuilt.三．情态动词的用法1.can和could的用法1)表能力“能，会”：Icananswerthequestion.2)表请求“能，可以”：Canyouhelpmewithit?3)表允许“能，可以”：CanIreadyournewspaper?4)提建议“可以”：YoucanaskMrLiaboutit.5)表可能性“可能”：Whatcantheybedoing?2.may和might的用法1)表允许：Youmaycomeifyouwish.2)表可能：ThiscoatmaybePeter’s.3)表祝愿：Mayyousucceed!3.must的用法1)表必要“必须”：Imuststudyhard.2)表坚持“偏要，非要”：Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?3)表不可避免“必定会”：Allmenmustdie.4)表推断“一定，准是”：Youmustbetiredafteryourlongwalk.4.shall的用法1)在疑问句中征求意见(主语是I,we,he)：Shallhewaitforyououtside?2)表示说话者给对方的承诺、警告等：Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.3)表示强制，意为“必须，应该”：Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.5.should的用法1)表示责任或义务：Heshouldworkharder.2)表示推断“可能，该”：Heshouldarrivesoon.3)表示“竟然”：It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate.4)表示不感兴趣、惊讶：HowshouldIknow?5)表示“一旦”(条件句)：IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.6.will和would的用法1)表示愿意：Hewilltakeyouhome.2)表示请求：Will/Wouldyougowithme?3)表示真理“总是”：Oilwillfloatonwater.4)表示过去的习惯：Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.5)表示要求“一定”：Youwillreporttomeafterwards.6)表示目前情况的预测“一定，大概”：Thiswillbethehouseyou’relookingfor.四．表过去情况的推测的用法1)musthavedonesth一定已经做了某事：Imusthaveforgottentotellyou.2)might/mayhavedonesth可能已经做了某事：Shemayhaveleftyesterday.3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth应当已经做了某事：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.3)cannot/couldn’thavedonesth不可能做了某事：Theycannothavegoneoutbecausethelightison!4)can/could+主语+havedonesth可能做了某事吗？：Themoneyhasdisappeared!Whocouldhavetakenit?5)couldhavedone本可以做而实际上未做：Youcouldhavestartedalittleearlier.6)mighthavedone本可以做而实际上未做：Youmighthavedoneitbetterthatday.7)needn’thavedone本不必做但却做了：Youneedn’thavesaidthat.8)oughtto/shouldhavedone本该做而实际上没做：Youshouldhavetoldusearlier.9)oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone本不该做而实际上做了：Yououghtn’ttohavespokentoyourteacherlikethat.五．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语保持一致基本概念:谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致一）主谓一致的三个原则:a.语法一致概念：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致例句：1.谓语与主语的数一致：Wetakeexerciseeveryday./Tomtakesexerciseeveryday.2.主语是“manya/an+单数名词”，谓语用单数：Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.3.主语是“morethan+单数名词”，谓语用单数：Morethanoneteachergetstheflowers.4.主语是“neither+单数名词”,谓语用单数：Neitherboyistoblame.5.主语是复合不定代词,谓语用单数：Everythingaroundusismatter.b.意义一致概念:谓语动词要和主语在意义上的单复数保持一致例句：主语是people,thepolice,cattle等,谓语用复数:Cattleeatgrass.主语是family,audience,crew,crowd,class,group,company,committee等时，强调整体是单数，强调各个成员时是复数：Theclasswere/wasinterestedinhislecture.3.主语是“the+形容词或分词”，如therich,thepoor,thedead,theliving,theinjured等表示某一类人时，谓语用复数：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.4.主语是theChinese(中国人),theBritish(英国人),theIrish(爱尔兰人)等时，谓语用复数：TheChineseusechopsticksinsteadofknivesandforks.5.主语是表示时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词，通常把它们看作一个整体，谓语用单数：Tenpoundsisenough./Thirtyyearsisn’talongtime.6.主语形式是复数但意义却是单数的news,plastics和表示学科的mathematics,physics,politics等时，谓语用单数：Mathematicsisherfavoritesubject.7.主语是单复数同形的sheep,deer,means,works(工厂),species(种类)等，要与实际意义一致：Everymeanshasbeentried./Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.c.就近一致概念：谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致1.Therebe结构Thereisapenandseveralbooksonthedesk.Thereareseveralbooksandapenonthedesk.2.平行结构EitheryouorIamwrong.Eitheryouorsheiswrong.3.here,there引导：Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.二）主谓一致的12个难点:1.动名词、不定式、从句作主语，谓语用单数：RememberingEnglishwordsisdifficult./Whathesaysisimportant.2.eachof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数：Eachofushasanewcomputer.3.either/neitherof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数：Neitherofthetextsis/areinteresting.4.noneof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数：Noneofthemoneyhereismine.noneof+复数名词或代词,谓语用单数或复数：Noneofthemspeak(s)English.5.half/most/all/therest/thirtypercent/onethirdof+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致：Therestofthebreadwasthrownaway./Therestoftheeggshavegonebad.6.指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列结构，谓语动词用单数：Thepoetandwriteriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.7.有no,each,every,manya修饰的并列单数主语，谓语动词用单数形式：Eachboyandeachgirlhasabeautifuldream.8.oneof+复数名词+who....谓语动词用复数：Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.theonlyoneof+复数名词+who...谓语动词用单数：Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.9.anumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用复数:AnumberofforeignersareworkinginChina.thenumberof+复数名词，谓语动词用单数：Thenumberofforeignvisitorsisincreasing.10.aquantityof+名词，谓语与所接名词的数一致：Alargequantityofnutsareonthetable.quantitiesof+名词，谓语一律用复数：Largequantitiesoffuelareusedbymodernindustry.11.A+with/togetherwith/alongwith/like/except/but/nolessthan/aswellas+B,谓语与A一致：Theteacher,togetherwithsomestudents,hasgonetoanursinghome.12.all指theonlything或everything时,是单数：AllIwantispeaceandquiet.六．虚拟语气1.用过去式表示a.If引导的虚拟条件句现在：IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.过去：Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavesucceeded.将来：Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.b.含蓄虚拟条件句Withoutair,noonecouldlive./Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.It’sluckythatheboundedaway,otherwisehewouldhavebeenhurt.Ifitwere/Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldstillbehomeless.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.c.错综时间条件句Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.d.wish后的宾语从句现在:IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcan’taffordone.过去:IwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtime.将来:Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.e.ifonly后的句子现在：IfonlyIwererich.过去：IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradvice!将来：Ifonlyitwouldstoprainingsoon.f.wouldrather后的句子现在：I’dratheryouwerehappy.过去：I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat.将来：IwouldratheryoucamenextSunday.g.asif/though后的句子现在：MrLitreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.过去：Hebehavednaturallyasifnothinghadhappened.将来：Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.2.用(should+)动词原形表示一个坚持:Heinsistedthatwe(should)acceptthesegifts.(坚持要)比较：Sheinsistedthathewaswrong.(坚持认为)两个命令:Themayororderedthatfreefoodbedistributed.Hecommandedthatthesoldiersattackatonce.三个建议:Irecommendedthathe(should)consultalawyer.Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.Thedentistsuggestedthatshe(should)comeanotherday.比较：Alltheevidencesuggeststhathestolethemoney.(表明)四个要求:Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedofdevelopment.Werequestedthatthenextmeeting(should)beheldonFriday.Thesituationrequiredthathe(should)bepresent.ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)finishitwithinaweek.主语从句中:Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometotheoffice.It’snaturalthatyoushouldbenervous.Itisvitallyimportantthattheyreceiveallthehelpavailable.七.谓语的考点及考法1.时态1)时状明示Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.(答案为hasgrown)2)前后一致WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad...,thehugeanimal_______(mean)menorealharm.(答案为meant)3)并列一致Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand______(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(were与would并列,答案为were)4)主谓一致Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptable.（答案为is）2.语态1)主谓一致Sarah_________________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(答案为wastold/hasbeentold)2)情后原形Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_________(make)ofgoldandsilver.(答案为bemade)真题回顾语法填空:在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷)Asalittlegirl,I___65___(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.【解析】句意:作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。根据前面的时间状语Asalittlegirl可知,希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作，故填wished。2.(2023年全国乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____67____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.【解析】句意:在过去的十年里，我参观了几次，我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断发展的同时能够保留着这么丰富的遗产感到惊讶。.beamazedby----对-------感到惊讶，故填wasamazed。3.(2023年全国乙卷·70)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____70_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【解析】分析句子成分可知，设空处为主句的谓语，主语为Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，是第三人称单数，因此设空处应用一般现在时的单数形式，故填means。4.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandas.【解析】分析句子成分可知，设空处为定语从句的谓语，先行词为areas，再根据“previously(以前，先前)”可知，动作发生在过去，因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式，故填were或havebeen。5.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP____________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticity(原真)andintegrityofnaturalecosystems…TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivity…【解析】因主语TheGPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态，bedesignedtodosth也可看作固定搭配(目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事)；此处陈述客观事实，且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填isdesigned。6.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry___________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.【解析】此处为bedoingsthwhensbdidsth句型，意为“正在做某事，这时某人(突然)做某事”，此处描述过去的事情，故填wasfixing。7.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Hequickly________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.【解析】与空后的started构成并列关系，故应用一般过去时，故填threw。8.(2022年全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro.【解析】由时间状语inthelastfiveyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，故填haswalked。9.(2021全国甲卷)It(TheXi’anCityWall)__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).【解析】因主语It(TheXi’anCityWall)与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的theTangDynasty可知，用一般过去时，故填wasbuilt。10.(2021全国甲卷)We_______(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.【解析】结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，故填hired。11.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit____(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.【解析】由then可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很艰难，故填was。12.(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto______(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.【解析】结合上文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，又因主语companies被oneof修饰，故用单数形式，故填was。13.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—_________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【解析】由时间状语lastweek可知，应用一般过去时，故填touched。14.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).”【解析】结合语境和上文的Thisreallyexcitesscientists可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，故填means；此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语themoon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且themoon为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填isconstructed。15.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.【解析】此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句的主语为动名词短语decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填carries。16.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould____________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.【解析】从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系，且位于情态动词would后，故填bechosen。17.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand_________(point)downtheriver.【解析】根据上文谓语动词的时态，且设空处与and前的smiled并列，可知用一般过去时，故填pointed。18.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.【解析】根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，应用一般过去时，故填formed。19.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___________(call)galleriesorrooms.主语parts为可数名词复数，与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填arecalled。20.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection____(be)ondisplay.【解析】此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“apartof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词是单数还是复数，由collection为单数可知，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。21.(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Becausethenumberofpossibletopics___(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.【解析】thenumberof(……的数目)后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。根据下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，故填is。22.(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)…wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers__________________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.【解析】主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。根据上文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，故填areencouraged。23.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut______________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.【解析】由时间状语inrecentyears可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填havereported。24.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid…【解析】由后文的had和said可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填declared。25.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____________(make)overtheyears…”【解析】由时间状语overtheyears可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填havemade。26.(2019全国Ⅲ卷)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand______________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.【解析】因and连接两个并列谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故填recommended。27.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)Since2011,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years.【解析】由Since2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间(2011年)开始，一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在造成的影响或结果(玉米种植量比水稻多)，故用现在完成时，且主语country是单数名词，故用hasgrown。28.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_______(mean)menorealharm.【解析】由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般过去式，故填meant。29.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Steamengines____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly【解析】unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess…【解析】因Steamengines与use是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填wereused。30.(2017全国Ⅲ卷)Sarah______________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.【解析】由tellsbsth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“已有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态，故填hasbeentold/wastold。31.(2016全国Ⅱ卷)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptable.【解析】动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填recommended。32.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.【解析】因be与wouldremind并列，根据并列一致原则，be也用过去式；又因主语knives是复数，故填were。33.(2015全国Ⅰ卷)Yangshuo____(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.【解析】指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。考情分析考情：谓语在高考中不但每年必考而且是考查的重点，考1~2题。主要考查：（1）动词时态，主要是上下文时态一致和并列一致；（2）被动语态；（3）主谓一致。解法：1.要弄清全文是叙述过去发生了的事还是客观地讲述目前的情况，特别留意上下文的时态，因为上下文时态一致是考查的重点，并列一致一定要弄清跟谁并列。2.要分析主语与谓语动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系。被动语态一定是“助动词be+过去分词”；主动语态，若是行为动词且不是进行时，不能用be。3.主谓一致主要是找准主语。模拟操练语法填空:在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2023届广东汕头质检)“Moreandmoreforeigntourists____________(come)toYangshuo,andIhopetheywillfeelathomeherewithmyhelp,”shesaid.【解析】分析句子可知，在and并列的第一个分句中缺谓语，结合句意可知，表示“正在到来”，应用现在进行时，故填arecoming。2.(2023届广东广州调研测试)PekingOperaisdemandingbecauseoftheextensivelistofskillsit_________(require).【解析】主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数；由本句时态可知，用一般现在时，故填requires。顺便一提，此处为省略that的定语从句，故填requires。3.(2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检)ThewordeSports____(be)shortforelectronicsports.【解析】叙述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is。4.(2023届江苏镇江期中调研)HerecitedChineseancientpoetLiBai’spoemSouthernMaideninFrenchand___________(express)hiseagernesstotraveltoChina.【解析】由与之并列的recited可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填expressed。5.(2023届广东大湾区一模)Aboveall,ChineseLittleNewYearsuggestsanewyearwithanewimageand__________(express)thegoodwishesofChinesepeopletoringouttheOldYearandringintheNewYear.【解析】分析句子成分可知，本句中的and连接两个并列的谓语动词；第一个是suggests，意为“表明”，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；第二个即设空处动词express，也应用一般现在时，主语也是第三人称单数，故填expresses。6.(2023届江苏盐城期中考试)Aftermorethan10yearsofpollutioncontrolandmanagement,it_________(pass)theevaluationbytheMinistryofWaterResourcesin2020.【解析】由in2020可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填passed。7.(2023届山西大同二调)Adecadeago,thearrivaloftreeplanters_________(catch)Hua’sattention.【解析】由时间状语Adecadeago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填caught。8.(2023届四川泸州一诊)Now,Zhu____(be)theheadoftheprojecttobattleagainstdesertification(沙漠化).Healsogiveslecturesaboutthefightagainstdesertification.【解析】由空前的Now及下句的谓语动词gives可知，用一般现在时，故填is。9.(2023届广西南宁摸底测试)ThisChinesecustom_____________(become)agameoftheworldalready.【解析】由句中的already可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填hasbecome。10.(2023届江苏无锡期中调研)Brahmhimselfisakungfuloverwho_______________________________(devote)himselftothepracticeformorethan40years.【解析】由formorethan40years可知，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时(强调现在依然在做)，故填hasdevoted/hasbeendevoting。11.(2023届江苏镇江期中调研)“FocusOnZhejiang”InternationalCulturalExchangeActivity,jointlysponsoredbyInformationOfficeofZhejiangProvincialGovernmentandZhejiangProvincialDepartmentofCultureandTourism,______________(hold)consistentlyforthreeyears.【解析】由时间状语forthreeyears可知，应为现在完成时，结合主语InternationalCulturalExchangeActivity和动词hold为被动关系，故填hasbeenheld。12.(2023届山西吕梁阶段性测试)Whileexactpopulationnumbersareunknown,researchersestimatethatredpandas_______________(decline)by50%inthelast18years.【解析】由时间状语inthelast18years可知，用现在完成时，故填havedeclined。13.(2023届吉林一调)InJune,Shaanxikuaiban_________________(recognize)asanintangible(非物质的)culturalheritageatthenationallevel.【解析】因Shaanxikuaiban与recognize之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又由InJune可知用一般过去时，故填wasrecognized。14.(2023届河北沧州摸底考试)TalkingaboutJiaohe,GurisaidthatshewouldalwaysrememberJune22,2014,whentheJiaoheAncientCityRuins_____________(name)theWorldHeritageSite.【解析】设空处为谓语动词，主语theJiaoheAncientCityRuins与name之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由时间状语可知，要用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填wasnamed。15.(2023届广东普宁阶段检测)Asaresult,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.Acommittee__________________(establish)tolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.【解析】因主语Acommittee与谓语establish是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合上句中的turned可知，用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填wasestablished。16.(2023届江苏连云港期中调研)Toprotectthisartistictreasure,Chinesesealcarving______________(include)ontheUNESCORepresentativeListofIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2009.【解析】因主语Chinesesealcarving与include(使成为……的一部分)为被动关系，要用被动语态；由in2009可知用一般过去时，故填wasincluded。17.(2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检)Forinstance,chess________________(recognize)asasportbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteein1999.【解析】由时间状语in1999可知，用一般过去时，又因主语chess与recognize之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语chess为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填wasrecognized。18.(2023届山东泰安期中考试)WhenstudentsstartedthenewschoolyearonThursday,manywouldhavenoticedanewcourse.Thenewcourse________________(introduce)aftertheMinistryofEducationreleasedanewcurriculum(课程)standardforlaboureducation.【解析】主语course和动词introduce之间是被动关系，且上文提到新课程已加入新学年，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasintroduced。19.(2023届河南新乡一模)TheXi’anCityWall___________(build)intheearlyMingDynasty(1368-1644).【解析】主语TheXi’anCityWall和动词build之间是被动关系，再结合时间状语intheearlyMingDynasty(1368-1644)可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasbuilt。20.(2023届江西景德镇一检)“It’sasurprisetomethatonlinefictioncan__________(add)tothecollectionofaforeignlibrary.Iwasveryhappy,it’samilestoneformycreation,”saidYiQianchong.【解析】因onlinefiction与add是被动关系，要用被动语态；can后面加动词原形，故填beadded。21.Nearlyeverythingproducedintheworldcould__________(find)onthestreetsofChang’an.【解析】因everything与find为被动关系，且could后加动词原形，故填befound。22.Histalentcan__________(see)notonlyonthecourt,butalsoinhiswriting.【解析】主因主语talent和谓语see是被动关系，前有情态动词can，故填beseen。23.InEnglish,“calligraphy”literally_________(mean)“beautifulwriting”.ItisawrittenformthatunitesthelanguagesspokeninChina.【解析】根据下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，主语是calligraphy，为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填means。24.(2023届湖北黄冈期中测试)Moststudents_______________(require)totakepartinthelabourclassonceperweek.【解析】因students与require之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由时间状语onceaweek可知，用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，故填arerequired。25.(2023届山西吕梁阶段性测试)Thesnowleopard(豹)alsosharestheterritory…Snowleopards_________(list)asvulnerableduetotheincreasingthreatstotheirnaturalhabitat.【解析】主语Snowleopards和动词list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，故填arelisted。26.(2023届浙江温州一模)Thoughtherearemorethan7,000plantspeciesontheplanet,justthree—rice,maizeandwheat—______(be)thestaplefoodofoverhalftheworld’spopulation.【解析】此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为three，谓语用复数，故填are。27.(2023届湖南郴州一检)In2019,10onlinenovels,includingGreatPower,HeavyIndustry,______(be)addedtothecollectionoftheShanghaiLibrary.【解析】由时间状语In2019可知，用一般过去时，主语10onlinenovels是复数，故填were。28.(2023届四川遂宁零诊)Tomakemattersworse,thetreestheyhadplantedinthefirsttwoyears____________(blow)awaybystrongwinds,becausetheyweren’tfamiliarwiththeenvironment.【解析】因主语thetrees与谓语动词blow之间是被动关系，且本句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数形式，故填wereblown。29.(2023届河北保定期中测试)Totally,thearchaeologists(考古学家)_________________(discover)morethan500piecesofrelicsoverthelastfewmonths,impressedwiththehistoricalandartisticvalue.【解析】由时间状语overthelastfewmonths可知，应用现在完成时，主语thearchaeologists为复数，故填havediscovered。30.(2023届江苏盐城期中考试)Everyyear,alargegroupofbirds____________(spot)intheBeijingE-TownsectionoftheLiangshuiRiver,whichwasoncefullofpollutionandhadanunpleasantsmell.【解析】因birds与spot之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由时间状语Everyyear可知，用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填arespotted。31.(2023届江苏常州期中考试)Injustmonths,millionsofpeople_______________(enter)text-to-imageAIsystemsandtheyarealreadybeingusedtocreateexperimentalfilms,magazinecoversandimages.【解析】由Injustmonths可知，本句描述的是从过去某一时刻开始到现在一直都在发生的事情，应用现在完成时，主语millionsofpeople是复数，故填haveentered。32.(2023届广东广州阶段训练)Inthepastfewyears,thecountry_________________(enhance)legal,andtechnologicalsupportoftheprotectionofitsworldnaturalheritage.【解析】由Inthepastfewyears可知，用现在完成时，主语country是单数，故填hasenhanced。33.(2023届陕西宝鸡一检)Inthepastdecades,interestintherapidlydevelopingnation___________(grow)quickly.【解析】由时间状语Inthepastdecades可知，句子用现在完成时，主语interest是第三人称单数，故填hasgrown。34.(2023届湖南郴州一检)TheChineseonlineliteratureindustry________________(mature)quicklyduringitsfastdevelopmentoverthelasttwodecades.【解析】由时间状语overthelasttwodecades可知，用现在完成时，主语Chineseonlineliteratureindustry为单数，故填hasmatured。35.(2023届山东德州期中考试)BecauseofthegeographicaldifferencesinthenorthandthesouthofQinlingMountains,Qinling-HuaiRiverLine_____________(become)themostimportantnorth-southboundaryofChinesegeographysofar.【解析】由时间状语sofar可知，要用现在完成时，主语QinlingHuaiRiverLine为单数，故填hasbecome。36.(2023届江苏徐州期中考试)Upto