2025版高考英语总复习Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero高考题型分组训练新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细微环节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·浙江卷)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam－poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf－dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.语篇解读：本文通过叙述查尔斯·狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，呼吁读者在狄更斯200周年诞辰来临之际，纪念狄更斯。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.[解析]细微环节理解题。题目要求找出最能描述18世纪小说特点的选项，由文章第一段最终一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者简直有害至极)．”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，因此选C。A选项中的difficulttounderstand以及B选项中的amongtherich在文章中并没有出现，故解除A、B两项。D选项中的mostlybywomen错误，文章中“oftenwithsomethinglike‘Byalady’”只是举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，因此解除D。[答案]C2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature[解析]推理推断题。其次段中“TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》相比是因为《蒙娜丽莎》很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再结合第三段查尔斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的缘由是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推想选D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名声，因此解除A项；B选项中的hisinterestinmodernart在文中未被提及，因此解除B项；C选项中的inpublication错误，因为本段主要讲解并描述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以解除C项。[答案]D3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.[解析]写作意图题。由文章最终一段最终一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年诞辰之际，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己拥有持续影响力的，因此A项“纪念一个宏大的作家”正确。文章主要讲解并描述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，因此解除B项；C选项“激励有关文化方面的探讨”与文章主题不符，因此解除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，因此解除D项。[答案]AB(2024·山东郯城二中教学质量监测)ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW－MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookintheworld,whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It'sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways,shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲解并描述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不仅是一位闻名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境爱护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在牢记她。4．WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A．Herlifeandworkexperiences.B．Herspecialtyinanimated(动画)pictures.C．Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.D．Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.[解析]推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充溢冒险和危急的世界中探险)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经验为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。[答案]A5．Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.C．Motivated. D．Inspired.[解析]词义揣测题。依据画线词后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比较懊丧的。故选A。[答案]A6．WhatisBeatrixPotter?A．Abotanistandartist.B．Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C．Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.D．Anartisticdirector.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist，”以及倒数其次段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插图画家、自然环境爱护者和农夫。故选C。[答案]C7．Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A．IncelebrationofPotter's150thbirthday.B．InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.C．InpraiseofPotter'sspiritofselflessness.D．InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.[解析]写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲解并描述主子公的生平事迹，再依据最终一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。[答案]ACStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2024torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethecommonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天体物理学)andcosmology(宇宙学)．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(滥伐森林),anddecimation(大批杀死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考虑不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探测器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(开端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明白人类必需离开地球在太空中找一处新家的缘由。8．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.[解析]细微环节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2024年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探究，故选C项。[答案]C9．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored[解析]词义揣测题。由该词前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。[答案]C10．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.[解析]观点看法题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的将来持悲观的看法，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的缘由，故选A项。[答案]A11．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．astronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth[解析]细微环节理解题。由第一段的其次句和第五段的其次句可知，人类必需离开地球的缘由是：人类处于危急之中，地球受到威逼，故选A项。[答案]AD(2024·辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测一)HillaryfailedtobepresidentofAmerica,butsheneverfailstoserveAmericaallherlife.HillaryDianeRodhamwasborninChicago,Illinois,onOctober26,1947，daughterofHughandDorothyRodham.SheandhertwoyoungerbrothersgrewupinParkRidge,SheenteredWellesleyCollegein1965.Graduatingwithhighhonors,shemovedontoHillaryleftWashingtonandfollowedherhearttoArkansas,marryingBillClintonin1975.ThecoupletaughttogetheronthelawschooloftheUniversityofArkansasatFayetteville.Theirdaughter,Chelsea,wasbornin1980.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,Hillarycontinuedtoworktirelesslyonbehalfofchildrenandfamilies.InadditiontochairingtheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee,shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.SheintroducedapioneeringprogramcalledtheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungstersintoArkansas,whichtrainedparentstoworkwiththeirchildreninpreschoolpreparednessandliteracy.HillaryalsoservedontheboardoftheArkansasChildren'sHospital.Inrecognitionofherprofessionalandpersonalaccomplishments,HillarywasnamedArkansasWomanoftheYearin1983andArkansasMotheroftheYearin1984.Women'sInternational语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的相关状况，包括她的家庭、所受的教化、事业以及为妇女和儿童做出的贡献等。12．WherewasitthatHillarybegantoshowherconcernforchildren'sinterests?A．InChicago,B．AtWellesleyC．InWashingtonandArkansas.D．AtYale[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第三段的倒数其次句“WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特殊关切儿童及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。[答案]D13．WhichofthefollowingwassetupbyHillary?A．TheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee.B．TheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.C．TheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungsters.D．TheArkansasChildren'sHospital.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”，故B项正确。[答案]B14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BillClintonandHillarybothgraduatedfromWellesleyB．BillClintonandHillaryfoundedtheUniversityofC．HillarydidagreatdealforchildrenandwomeninArkansas.D．Hillarywasinterestedinsportsbutnotinacademicsubjects.[解析]推理推断题。依据第三段可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特殊关切儿童及其家庭的权益；倒数其次段介绍了希拉里在阿肯色州为妇女和儿童成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”、引进了“学龄前儿童家庭教化”项目；据此可以推断，希拉里在阿肯色州为维护妇女和儿童的权益做出了很大的贡献，故C项正确。[答案]C15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Hillary'sConcernforChildrenB．AStoryToldbyHillaryC．ABriefIntroductiontoHillaryD．Hillary'sContributions[解析]标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段第一句为文章主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要对希拉里的相关状况作了简要介绍，故C项为最佳标题。[答案]CⅡ.七选五阅读填空(2024·全国卷联考提升卷)Let'sbehonesthere:randomactsofkindnessmakeusfeelgood.Theymakeothersfeelgood.Theyhelpbenefitsocietyinsmallways,andthosesmallbenefitscanturnintohugebenefits.Beinganeverydayheromeanswillinglyandjoyfullychoosingrandomactsofkindnesstomaketheworldabitbrighter.__1__Startwiththeseideas.Leaveaspacecleanerthanyoufoundit.Ifyoueatout,keepyourtablecleanafteryou'refinished,makingitalittleeasierforyourserver.Athome,keepyourthingsorganized.__2__Bekindtostrangers.It'swell－knownthateveryoneisfightingseparatebutequallydifferentbattles.Althoughyoumightnotbeabletounderstandorrelatetoeveryone'sstruggles,youcanofferunconditionalkindnessandpatience.__3__Maybethefast－foodworkerhastwootherjobsandchildrenathome.Althoughyoudon'tknowtheirsituations,kindnessisalwaysa