Double Vault Composting Toilets双坑堆肥厕所设计建造 31

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DoubleVaultCompostingToilets双坑堆肥厕所设计建造3

t96LI-96Ik-DOUBLE-VAULTCOMPOSTINGPRIVY(2)75cmUnplosticized,PolyvinylChlorideVentPipet:IIL--mr--IIIt:==a.,AfIaeconaMUITII!/II1PlanModelUsedinBotswaneSection3.AirSpace,RemovableSuperstructureFormedfromTimberFrameandGolvonizedMilledSteel\sSeatrc3.7cmFerrocementPlanModelUsedinTanzaniaSectionA-15DOUBLE-VAULTCOMPOSTINGPRIVYUSEDINVIETNAM(21AshStowgeAreai-142JrineOutletSupersiructureCornerPostsPlan--IABambooWallCladdingIIII--+UrineOu+letf!YfCOmpOs+RemovalPorti2515IO14iI,1,nL!20SectionA-A~-ISectionB-BA-16OFF-SETCOMPOSTVAULTLATRINE(31Plan,RoofSheet/DoorAsbestosCementChute-BlockWork/BrickWorkEConcrete14411157L117SectionC-CREEDODORLESSEARTHCLOSET(ROEC)(31i,ReceotacleiIIIIIMax300IIPEDESTALSEATS(2)SQUATTINGCHUTE(2)SuperstructureNote:ThePedestalHoleShouldBeIOcminDiameterforUsedByChildren,20cmforAdults.UnsupportedFiberglassShouldNotBeUsedinConstructiw.A-18REEDODOURLESSCLOSET(ROEC)-STRUCTURALDETAILS(13)eL40At-flDD-L40SectionA-A0iI1Ipq70FixedLidRemoWkLid00:2004PlanofPitCoIlory-I8yAlternativeConcreteCollarandCoverSectionsfarlDOx2OOcmUnlinedPit67xl,,c:~erSection,,/I/I6cmOiameferReinforcil=----WifeMeshinCollar\DetailofCowerSectionNote1PedestalSeatwithCurvedChuteMayBeSubstitutedforSquattingPlate.ConstructionMaterialsandDimensionsforSuperstructureMayVaryAccordingtoLocalPractice.TheVentShouldBePlacedforMaximumExposuretoSunlight.A-19REEDOWRLESSEARTHCLOSET(ROECI(13)rB----1-.CL-B;Plan(WithLatrineSuperstructureRemoved1FlyScreen(Nonam*).7.5-15cmDiometerkkntPipe,RktedBlaktWood,Asbeslos,Tle,SheetMetal,orCorrugatedMetalRoofSectionA-Aor20cmBrickLinerSectionB-8(VentNotShown)THEREEDOWLIRLESSEARTHCLOSET(R0EC1RECENTLYTESTEDINTANZANIA(1I,12)51190511IISectionA-BIIIIbIIII--PlanA-2120:loo120ROECLATRINE,CONSTRUCTIONSTEPS(141A-22ii-.-.----,a--?.-.-IIL.;-.-.-.-._.-._._.hi;\goAQUA-PRIVY(I21AsbestosRoof\I315--I-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.7PlanIIII,212s240IIIuitoProofNettingCoverManHole60x45SectionA-BAt72.5emMntPipeCONVENTIONALAQUA-PRIVY(I31#mmmeII7It9i1TIIIIqIIII/-y\\.---+.-i140%iII!90Iiid.-IIiLA-I--A11i1--LIPlan2.5cmVentPipeaOutletto-Soakowoy,RemovableSlabforDesludgingAccess..I,.:::.i,:.:Ia,..,*.:..,..._:...;,0,:.160I.b,~....::.ii::.e,.;.I...II0:+0.:.::...::;......:..1::q.:..:::1...._..:;;d::I37.,...o,.:...*..:.aor.p:L..Q..;....:,.::.a,.:.::;.:...Q::.-....,,.::...,Q..,.I...._.?...._..::I:::.:\III....,.:..:IA-24*OutlettoSoakawoySectionA-AA-B-c-D-E-F-G-H-LatrineTubwi?hWrtiarlDropJ%peOpenSpacerrjthinTankFilterCfmmberDlJtktPipeTankFM.BeamVentPipeTiltedDropPipeNoipoonModel--EASTERNPIPEAQUAPRIVYWITHTHlOCQMf%RTMENTS(8)DetailOfR.C.TeeBeamII3.7Dia.PipeRainWaterPipe/SectionOnB-BAquoPrivyPourFlushA-26EASTERNTYPEAQUA-PRIVYWITHTWOCOMPARTMENTS(8)l--BR.C.TwBeamsYAltemotiveoutletPipetoSuitConditionsatSite1]step1Istfp1;tCol,+/-$----B!_-270-;RoinwotcrAVentilotionOutlettoSookageTrenchorSeepagePit.11DetailOfCorbelMosquitoGauzeCoveringIrII3.75Dia.PipeVentilatorIII1i1IIPipeI-75czoncfercnumovableR.C.CoverjDundLevel10.2Dio.TwPieceorI100PrecastConcreteBoffle.atleiPipetoSookogeTrenchorSeepagePit....i122!5IL:=SectiononA-AA-27ACOMMUNALAQUAPRIVYSUITABLEFOR50USERS.(81--~._______kII4-.-APlanIwDrtoilofR.C.TeeBeam--_-_~MosquitoGauzeCovering-uPlanR;movobleR.C.CowrSlobsr-aI+.-155*SectiononA-ASectiononB-6-1DetailofCorbel_-I;IIihPIA-29HAND-FLUSHLATRINE(4)PlanA-CementTubwith3/4WaterSealB-I6AbovePitC-PitD-3/4WaterSealinTheTubE-LatrineF-CementCont.SlobReversedWoter-SealPanwithTheSlabRasuliyaModelSectionalElevation-P.R.A.I.TYPELATRINE(4)PLANNINGRESEARCHANDACTIONINSTITUTE.LUCKNOWBP.R.A.I.PanC2cmWakrSealTrop0LeachingPitL:.ZXI-IHolesFR.C.CoverofPit!ktionalElevation,.*---.,looI/T\\\\--mm--IQ+:\\\.1f---I/A-31POUR-FLUSHUNITSFORDISPLACEDPITS(13)A.CementMortarorCeramicPanPlanofSquattingPlate(Pon1PlanofWater-SealUnit1Trap1B.CemmicPedestollbMortarSectionB-Bi\-pnTrap-Il-30-lSideView1511kpviewA-32A-33HAND-FLUSHED,WATER-SEALLATRINE(NEERI,NAGPUR,INDIA1(7123I10023RCALATRINE(RESEARCH-CUM-ACTIONPROJECTI(II10.3CementPlasterOver5ThickConcreterSectionA-BPlanPOUR-FLUSHDOUBLE-VAULTCOMPOSTINGPRIVY(IO)SectionAWaterSealToiletBRaffleRwDivertingExcretaCOrponicMottetDCoverEPerfoMedRottomA-34PlanrlI-IIIIi.J)0,.,i,,.-I-:--3fl9oD1+I--IIflI90ID;304-2WAER-SEALSQUATTINGPLATEFORPOUR-FWSHTOILETSLOCATEDIMMEDIATELYABIWETHEPIT(I311.5SectionalElevotionPlonofWaterSealA-35DetoilrofSquottinqFiats.--!10525-mmDishingI1SectionA-ALATRINEBLOCKFORRURALHOUSING(6),-BambooMatting30~30cmWindowriiu:;,.,,hBrickWallincm116,-8cm.thCoverofClavDepthofClayPipeLiningDependsOnSoilConditionI.--225LatrineAPlonSideElevationI15A-36REFERENCES1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.BESTABELLENGINEERING(SA]LTD./BPK.,DURDAN,SOUTHAFRICA(1944),R.O.E.C.tiitatio,PatentNo.991/1944KALBERMTTEN,J.M.(1980),AppropriateTechnologyforWaterSupplyand-Sanitation,APlannersGuide,WorldBank,December.KILAMA,W.L.andWIBLAD,U.(1979),CompostToiletsintheTropics:AReviewandAppraisal,proB.WaterTechnol.11(l/2):335-340.--MISHRA,D.K.(1981),ASurveofSelectedSanitationProjectsiIndia,AreportforOxfam,Mai.y_MCMICHAEL,J.(1977),ProceedingsoftheConference02Sanitation13--DevelopingCountriesToday,Oxford.MMJMDER,N.(1975),SanitationFacilitiesforSlumsandRuralAreas,--NationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInsxtute,Nagpur,India.PACEY,A.(1978),SanitationinDevelopingCountries,JohnWiley4Sons.ROSSINSTITUTEINDUSTRIALADVISORYCOMMITTEE(19721,RuralSanitationtTropics,TheRossInstituteInformationandAdvieService,U.K.,RrlletinNo.8,April.REGNELL,S.andNIMPUND,K.(1975)ExcretaDisposalintheLessDevelopedCountries,ReportpreparedforandbyectionoftheSwedishInterna-tionalDevelopmentAuthority(SIDA),September.RYBCZYNSKI,W.andBHAIT,V.(1979),