职称英语卫生类c级模拟54

职称英语卫生类C级模拟54

第1部分：词汇选项

下列每个句子中均有一个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

Wewerealltherewhentheaccidentoccurred.

A.happenedB.broke

C-spreadD.appeared

2、Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.

A.talkB.speech

C.debateD.discussion

3、Policehavealreadyidentifiedaround10murdersuspects.

A.targetedB.distinguished

C.capturedD.separated

4、Iknowpeoplewhofinditpracticallyimpossibletogiveupsmoking.

A.simultaneouslyB.almost

C.absolutelyD.basically

5、Below600feetoceanwatersrangefromdimlylittocompletelydark.

A.inadequatelyB.hardly

C.faintlyD.sufficiently

6、TheeconomicreforminJapanhasbeenaccelerated.

A.spedupB.putoff

C.sloweddownD.stopped

7>Birdsareabundantinthetallvegetation.

A.steadyB.plentiful

C.extraD.meager

8、Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.

A.dreadfulB.bad

C.unpleasantD.poor

9、Societyisnowmuchmorediversethaneverbefore.

A.colorfulB.attractive

C.flexibleD.varied

10>CementwasseldomusedinbuildingduringtheMiddleAges.

A.crudelyB.rarely

C.originallyD.symbolically

11、Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysome

oftheirspecializedbranches.

A.conventionallyB.obviously

C.especiallyD.inevitably

12>Hehadfinallyachievedsuccess.

A.reachedB.reaped

C.attainedD.took

13>Duringhislifetimehewasabletoaccumulatequiteafortune.

A.controlB.spend

C.collectD.exchange

14、Aphysician1ssacreddutyistohealthesick.

A.doctorB.professor

C.physicistD.resident

15>Radiosarenotpermittedinthelibrary.

A.agreedB.submitted

C.admittedD.allowed

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句

提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信

息文中没有提及，请选择C。

WarmPeopleLikelytoKeepColdatBay

Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainst

gettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthy

volunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerally

sunnydispositionwerelesslikelytofallill.

Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildon

evidencethata"positiveemotionalstyle"canhelpwardoffthecommoncold

andotherillnesses.Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjective

asinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeople

beinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.

"Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponses

tothevirus,HexplainedleadstudyauthorDr.SheldonCohenofCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPittsburgh."Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterpret

theirillnessasbeinglesssevere.H

Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeople

seemedlesssusceptibletocatchingacold,butsomequestionsremainedas

towhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect.

Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandard

measuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotionalnstyle".

Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashaving

apositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseand

hostilehadanegativestyle.

Theresearchersgavethemnasaldropscontainingeitheracoldvirusor

aparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedon

anyaches,pains,sneezingorcongestiontheyhad,whiletheresearchers

collectedobjectivedata,likedailymucusproduction.Cohenandhiscolleagues

foundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes,happypeoplewereless

likelytodevelopacold.

16>Peoplewithasunnydispositionareimmunetoillness.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>AccordingtoCohen1sstudy,happierpeoplearemoreeasilytogetacold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Theconclusionthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacoldare

basedonsubjectivemeasures.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Theresearcherschose193adultswhohadanegativestyleforthestudy.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Theresearcherstesttheirvolunteersbygivingeveryoneamedicinethat

helplessentheprobabilityofcatchingcold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Apersonwithapositiveemotionalstylemustbeaneasy-goingone.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Cohenfoundthatfamilieshadgreatinfluenceonaperson*semotional

style.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每

段选择1个最佳标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

NappingtoaHealthierHeart?

1Researcherssaytheyhavedevelopedasimpletestthatcantellif

apersonwithheartdiseaseislikelytosufferaheartattack.Thetestmeasures

levelsofaproteinintheblood.Theresearcherssaypeoplewithhighlevels

ofthisproteinareathighriskofheartattack,heartfailureorstroke.

2KirstenBibbins-DomingooftheUniversityofCaliforniainSan

Franciscoledtheteam.Foraboutfouryearsztheystudiedalmostonethousand

patientswithheartdisease.Theresearcherstestedtheheartdiseasepatients

foraproteincalledNT-proBNP.Patientswiththehighestlevelswerenearly

eighttimesmorelikelythanthosewiththelowestlevelstohaveaheart

attack,heartfailureorstroke.

3Theresearcherssaythepresenceofhighlevelsoftheproteinin

thebloodshowsthattheheartmuscleisunderpressureinsomeway.Thestudy

involvedmostlymen,sotheresearcherscouldnotsayforsurethattheresults

arealsotrueforwomen.Theysaythepatientswiththehighestlevelsof

NT-proBNPwereolderandhadotherproblemslikediabetesorhighbloodpressure.

4Otherresearcherssaymorestudiesareneededtoconfirmifknowing

theproteinlevelsofaheartdiseasepatientshouldaffectthatperson1s

treatment.Theyalsowouldliketoknowifmoreaggressivetreatmentcould

reducethepatient1schanceofaheartattackorstroke.Thestudyappeared

intheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.

5Couldalittlesleepduringthemiddleofthedayreducetherisk

ofaheartattack?AnunrelatedstudyearlierthismonthintheArchivesof

InternalMedicinesuggeststhattheanswermaybeyes.Incountrieslikethe

UnitedStateszafternoonnapsaremostlyforchildren.Buttheyarecommon

foradultsinMediterraneancountries.Andthesecountriesgenerallyhave

lowerratesofheartdisease.SoscientistsintheUnitedStatesandGreece

wonderedifnapscouldplayapart.Twenty-threethousandhealthyadultstook

partinthestudybyHarvardUniversityandtheUniversityofAthens.Those

whotookthirty-minutenapsthreetimesaweekhadathirty-sevenpercent

lowerriskofdeathfromheartproblemsthanpeoplewhodidnottakenaps.

6Theresearcherssaynappingmayimprovehearthealthbyreducing

stress.Theysaytheresearchsuggeststhatnapsareespeciallygoodforworking

men.Buttheysaynotenoughfemalesubjectsdiedduringthestudytojudge

thebenefitsforwomen.

A.MoreQuestionstoBeAsked

B.OlderMalesHaveHigherLevelsofNT-proBNP

C.DevelopmentofaSimpleButImportantTest

D.EvidenceofPositiveRelationshipBetweenNappingandHeartDisease

E.HowtoControltheLevelsofNT-proBNP

F.EffectsofNT-proBNPonHeartDisease

23>Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.wherefewerpeoplediefromheartproblem

B.whethertheyhavetheriskofheartattack,heartfailureorstroke

C.wouldprobablyhavelowerratesofheartdisease

D.howtotestaperson*sNT-proBNPlevelinthebloodbyhimself

E.hisheartmusclewouldbeunderpressureinsomeway

F.thatnappingisofgreatbenefittowomentoo

27、AccordingtosomeresearcherszbymeasuringthelevelsofNT-proBNPin

thebloodpeoplemayknow.

28、IfapersonhasahighlevelofNT-proBNP.

29、Peoplewhotakeregularafternoonnaps

30>Sofartherehavenotbeendefinitedatatoconfirm.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一管

MostAdultsinUSHaveLowRiskofHeartDisease

Morethan80percentofUSadultshavealessthan10-percentriskof

developingheartdiseaseinthenext10years,accordingtoareportinthe

JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Just3percenthavearisk

thatexceeds20percent.

"Ihopethatthesenumberswillgivephysicians,researchers,healthpolicy

analysts,andothersabetterideaofhowcoronaryheartdiseaseisdistributed

intheUSpopulation,nleadauthorDr.EarlS.Ford,fromtheCentersfor

DiseaseControlandPreventioninAtlanta,saidinastatement.

Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdatafrom13,769subjects,between

20and79yearsofage,whoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthand

NutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994.

Overall,82percentofadultshadariskoflessthan10percent,15percent

hadariskthatfellbetween10to20percent,and3percenthadariskabove

20percent.

Theproportionofsubjectsinthehighestriskgroupincreasedwithadvancing

age,andmenweremorelikelythanwomentobeinthisgroup.Bycontrast,

raceorethnicityhadlittleeffectonriskdistributions.

Althoughthereportsuggeststhatmostadultshavealow10-yearriskof

heartdisease,alargeproportionhaveahighorimmediaterisk,Dr.Daniel

S.Berman,fromCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,andDr.Nathan

D.Wong,fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineznoteinarelatededitorial.

Aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategiesareneededto

shifttheoverallpopulationriskdownward,theyadd.

31>What1stheproportionofUSadultswhohaveariskof10%~20%todevelop

heartdisease?

A.Morethan80percent.B.3percent.

C.15percent.D.20percent.

32>Accordingtothepassagezwhichofthefollowingmaycontributetothe

riskofgettingheartdisease?

A.Age.B.Ethnicity.

C.Race.D.Citizenship.

33、Thefindingsinthereportarebasedon.

A.thestudyofphysicians；researchersandhealthpolicyanalysts

B.analysisofdatafrom13,769subjects

C.thedatafromallUSadults

D.Dr.DanielS.BermanandDr.NathanD.Wong

34、Strategiestoshifttheoverallpopulationriskdownwardinclude.

A.losingweight

B.eatlessandexercisemore

C.addingmorevitaminsinyourdiet

D.aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategies

35>Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.introducethatmostadultsinUSadultshavelowriskofheartdisease

B.givetreatmentmeasurestoreducetheriskofdevelopingheartdisease

forUSadults

C.describetheresearchmadebytheCentersforDiseaseControland

Prevention

D.warnpeoplethattheyshouldpayattentiontothethreatofheartdisease

immediately

井一^桶

ProlongingHumanLife

Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Many

peoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeen

born100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeople

aroundatanygiventime.Infactzitisadecreaseindeathrates,notan

increaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.

Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inall

societieszpeoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependent

ontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,

oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesof

famine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveif

theirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanother

child.Inmostcontemporarysocietieszpeoplefeelamoralobligationtokeep

peoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletoday

wholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork；wealso

haveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeople

wereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirementzsomebodyelsemustsupportthem.

IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeoplefiveonsocialsecuritycheckswhich

aresolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemore

illnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople；unlesstheyhavewealthorprivate

orgovernmentinsurance,theymustoften"goonwelfare"iftheyhaveaserious

illness.

Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,

theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditional

cultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmost

membersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathome

whocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursing

homesandconvalescenthospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-making

organizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofit

groups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimply

ndumpinggroundsnforthedyinginwhich"care"isgivenbypoorlypaid,

overworked,andunderskilledpersonnel.

36、Thewriterbelievesthatthepopulationexplosionresultsfrom.

A.anincreaseinbirthrates

B.theindustrialdevelopment

C.adecreaseindeathrates

D.culturaladvances

37、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinhuntingandgatheringcultures

A.itwasamoralresponsibilitytokeepold-agedpeoplealive

B.infantscouldbeleftdeadintimesofstarvation

C.parentshadtoimparttheculturalwisdomofthetribetotheirchildren

D.deathwasconsideredtobefreedomfromhardships

38、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutretired

peopleintheUnitedStatesistrue?

A.Manyofthemhaveaveryhardlife.

B.Theycannotliveadecentlifewithoutenoughbanksavings.

C.Theyrelymainlyontheirchildrenforfinancialsupport.

D.Mostofthemlivewiththeirchildrenandthereforearewelllooked

after.

39、InParagraph3,thephrase"thisneed'1refersto

A.theneedtoprolongthelivesofoldpeople

B.theneedtoenrichthelifeoftheretiredpeople

C.theneedtobuildprofit-makingnursinghomes

D.theneedtotakecareofasickandweakperson

40、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter1sattitudetowardmost

ofthenursinghomes,andconvalescenthospitals?

A.Sympathetic.B.Unfriendly.

C.Optimistic.D.Critical.

---

SleepDeficit

Judgingfromrecentsurveyszmostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethat

thereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行病）ofsleepinessinthenation."Ican*t

thinkofasinglestudythathasn*tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthan

theyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenough

wouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisiscanbetracedtothe

inventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonal

accountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedthe

conclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.

"Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodoin

theeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.nBythe1950sand1960s,that

sleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,

andmostpeoplehadtowakeuptoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatontheirsleep,

andtheydon11evenrealizethey1redoingit,nsaysDr.David.nTheythink

they1reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,

8orevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthe

complexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsand

communitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhis

programme.Inoursociety,you*reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed

11

5.5hourssleep.Ifyouvegottoget8.5hourszpeoplethinkyoulackdrive

andambition.

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveput

subjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,

forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonly-

1

minutesearlier."Wevefoundthatifyou*reinsleepdeficitzperformance

suffers,nsaysDr.David."Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilities

tomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.n

41>Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursa

nightbecausetheyhad_______.

A.nodriveandambitionB.thebestsleephabits

C.noelectriclightD.nothingtodointhe

evening

42、AccordingtoDr.David；Americans•

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.don*tknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.can*tgetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

43、ManyAmericansbelievethat.

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople1sdrivesandambition

44、Theword"subjects11（Line1,Para4）refersto.

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

45、Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhours

asisnecessaryto_______.

A.improveone*smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone*sdailyschedule

D.feelenergeticandperformadequately

第5部分：补全对话

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将

其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

WhatMakesMetheWeightIAm?

There*snoeasyanswertothisquestion.Yourgeneticmakeupzthephysical

traitsthatgetpasseddowntoyoufromyour