职称英语综合类a级模拟6

职称英语综合类A级模拟6

第1部分：词汇选项

工、Howcanwereducetheriskofcancer?

A.cutinB.cutdownC.cutoffD,cutout

2、Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreased

thecostofshippingcargobywater.

A.continuouslyB.quicklyC.excessivelyD.

exceptionally

3、Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational

situation.

A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical

4、Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce

resources.

A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent

5、Hisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.

A.failedB.deletedC.refusedD.rejected

6、Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.

A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge

7、Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittleknowledgeonly.

A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit

8、Weshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides-

A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed

9、Hishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.

A.becamebetterB.becameworseC.becamestrongerD.becameweaker

10>Ifyouwantmyadvice,youshouldreviseyourplanforthetriptoBeijing.

A.changeB.exchangeC.enlargeD,encourage

11>Smokingisinhibitedinpublicplaces.

A.instructedB.inquiredC.forbiddenD.strived

12>Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia

（安乐死）.

A.acuteB.chronicC.finalD.fatal

13>Ifeltimpelledtotellthetruth.

A.promotedB.inducedC.compelledD.improved

14、It1sprudenttotakeathickcoatincoldweatherwhenyougoout.

A.controversialB.reasonableC.sensibleD.sensitive

15>Areyoupositivethatthere1sbeennomistake?

A.rationalB.reasonableC.certainD,bound

第2部分：阅读判断

WhatisMarket?

Thewordmarketisusedinanumberofways.Thereisastockmarketand

automobilemarketzaretailmarketforfurnitureandawholesalemarketfor

furniture.Onepersonmaybegoingtothemarket；anothermayplantomarket

aproduct.Whatzthenisamarket?Amarketmaybedefinedasaplacewhere

buyersandsellersmeetzgoodsorservicesareofferedforsale,andtransfers

ofownershipoccur.Amarketmayalsobedefinedasthedemandmadebyacertain

groupofpotentialbuyersforagoodorservice.Forinstance,thereisa

farmmarketforpetroleumproducts.Thetermsmarketanddemandareoften

usedinterchangeably；they,mayalsobeusedjointlyasmarketdemand.

Thesedefinitionsarenotsufficientlyprecisetobeusefultoushere.

Forbusinesspurposeswedefineamarketaspeopleororganizationswithwants

(needs)tosatisfy,moneytospend,andthewillingnesstospendit.Thus

inthemarketdemandforanygivenproductorservice,therearethreefactors

toconsider—peopleororganizationswithwants(needs),theirpurchasing

power,andtheirbuyingbehavior.

Weshallemploythedictionarydefinitionofneeds：thelackofanything

thatisrequired,desired,oruseful.Wedonotlimitneedstothenarrow

physiologicalrequirementsoffood,clothingandshelteressentialforsurvival

Inourdiscussionthewordsandwantsareusedsynonymouslyandinterchangeably.

Inastrictinterpretation,however,needswouldrefertosuchbasic

physiologicalrequirementsasfood,clothing,andshelter,whilewantswould

besuchbasicpreferences.However,inouraffluentsociety,littleisto

begainedbytryingtodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.Manyofuswouldsee

asneedssomeitemsthatarefarbeyondfood,clothing,andshelter.

16、Marketcanbeclassifiedaccordingtowhatissoldonamarketandhow

goodsaresold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Sellersprefertheterm"market"whilebuyersprefer"demand".

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thedefinitionofmarketforbusinesspurposesinvolvesthreefactors：

buyerszsellers,andgoodsandservices.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Thedefinitionofmarketforbusinesspurposefocusesonpurchasers.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、"Needs'*and"wants'*meanthegameinourdiscussion.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Strictlyspeaking,"wants"referstopeople1semotionalneeds.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Inourrichsociety,itispointlesstoseparatepeople*sneedsfromtheir

wants.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

TheMirSpaceStation

TheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2001atlastafter15

yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflightzisremembered

foritsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecredited

withmanyfirstsinspace.

DuringMir1slifetime,RussiaspentaboutUSS4.2billiontobuildand

maintainthestation.

TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreeto

fiveyearszonFebruary20z1986,andhoused104astronautsover12years

andsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infactzitbecamethefirst

internationalspacestationbyplayinghostto62peoplefrom11countries.

From1995through1998zsevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturns

livingonMirforuptosixmonthseach.Theywereamongthe37Americans

whovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.

Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisits

notonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartners

intheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflight

andmultinationaloperations.

AdebatecontinuesoverMir1scontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,

Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandcarriedscientificequipment,

estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.ExperimentsonMir

arecreditedwitharangeoffindingszfromthefirstsolidmeasurementof

therationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.But

forthosefavoringhumanspaceexploration,Mirshowedthatpeoplecouldlive

andworkinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestay

inspaceisthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspenton

Mirfrom1994to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspace

inthreetripstothespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatof

ShannonLucid,whospent188daysaboardMirin1996.

DespitethemanyfirstsMiraccomplished,1997wasabadyearoutof15

forMir.In1997,anoxygengenerator*caughtfire.Later,themaincomputer

systembrokedown,causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewere

powerfailures.

Mostoftheseproblemswererepaired,withAmericanhelpandsuppliers,

butMir*sreputationasaspacestationwasmined.

Mir*ssetbacksarenothing,though,whenwecomparethemwithits

accomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccesszwhichwillberememberedas

amilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthatshowedlong-term

humanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit*stimetomoveontothenext

generation.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbebetter,but

itowesagreatdebttoMir.

23、Paragraph4

A.RewardsfollowingtheUSfinancialinjection.

B.Mir1sfirstsinscientificexperimentsandspaceexploration.

C.UndeniableMir1sachievements.

D.Mirregardedasacompletefailure.

E.Mir1sproblemyear.

EAgreatdebtownedtotheInternationalSpaceStation.

24、Paragraph5

25、Paragraph6

26、Paragraph8

27、Mirenhancedtheconfidenceinthescientiststhathumanslivinginspace

foralongtimewas_______.

A.everything

B.nothing

C.atremendousfailure

D.quitepossible

E.manyfirsts

F.agreatsuccess

28、InMirztheU.S.astronautscreated.

29、WhenwethinkofMirintermsofitsachievements,itssetbacksare.

30、ThewritertendstothinkthatMirwas.

第4部分：阅读理解

—

/J/tttj

EffectsofEnvironmentalPollution

Scientistswatchedcloselylastspringasahazeofpollution,whichhad

beentrackedbysatelliteasitcrossedthePacificOcean,settledovera

largeswathofNorthAmericafromCalgary,Canada,intoArizona.Nowitappears

that,forthefirsttime.researchersonbothsidesofthePacifictookdetailed

measurementsofthesameplume,acloudthatcontainedGobidesertdustas

wellashydrocarbonsfromindustrialpollution.

HeatherPrice,aUniversityofWashingtondoctoralstudentinchemistry,

foundthattheamountoflightreflectedbytheparticlesintheairwasmore

than550percentgreaterthannormalforthattimeofyear.ThemassofAsian

air4containedelevatedlevelsofallpollutantsmeasured.Pricesaid,"but

theonlythingthatcameclosetobeingalarmingwasthelevelofparticulate

matte.n

Thehazethatsettledacrossthewesternpartofthecountrywaswidely

reportedbythenewsmedia,anditwasmeasuredasfarinlandastheskislopes

ofAspen,Colo.

ReadingsonthewesternsideofthePacificcamefromtheAerosol

CharacterizationExperiments,aprojectaimedatunderstandinghowparticles

intheatmosphereaffectEarth*sclimate.Additionalmeasurementsweretaken

inthesameregionatthesametimeunderaprojectsponsoredbytheNational

AeronauticsandSpaceAdministration.

KnowingthepollutionwasapproachingWashingtonstatezPriceloaded

sensingequipmentaboardarentedBeechcraftonApril14andflewtoNeah

Bayonthestate1sNorthwestcoast.Takingsamplesatvariouslevelsfrom

15,000feetto20,000feetinaltitude,shemonitoredquantitiesofdust,

ozone,carbonmonoxideandhydrocarbons.nFrommycopilot*sseat,thedust

wasthickenoughtoseewiththenakedeye.nPricesaid.

Nowshe*stryingtocorrelateherfindingswiththoseofthetworesearch

teamsoperatingontheothersideofthePacific,whereatonepointthepollution

plumewaslargerthanJapan.Thehugesizeofthecloudshowedupclearly

insatelliteimagesthatgavePriceplentyofwarningthehazewasonits

way.11YoucanseethesetwoblobscomingoutofthedesertsofMongoliaand

growingoverAsia,thengettingsweptoutovertheoceanandfinallysetting

overNorthAmerica,nshesaid.Sheintendstocontinuemeasuringairsamples

offtheWashingtoncoastandwillbelookingforairmasseswithevidence

ofpollutionoriginatingsomewhereotherthanAsia."We'dliketoseeifwe

cangetasignatureofpollutioncomingfromEuropebecausecomputermodels

n

suggestthatEuropeansourcesalsocanbetransportedacrossthePacificz

shesaid."However,weexpectthatsourcesinEuropewillcontributeless

thanAsiansources."

hazen.霾；烟雾

plumen.羽状物

pollutantn.污染物

particulaten.微粒,颗粒

carbonmonoxide•氧化碳

copilotn.(飞机)副驾驶员

blobn.粘乎乎的一团；黑糊糊的一堆

31>Thehazeofpollutionmentionedinthefirstparagraphisacloud.

A.ofmoistureoverCalgary,Canada

B.developingoverPacificOcean

C.ofindustrialpollutants

D.ofdesertdustandhydrocarbons

32、OneofthePrice1sfindings(Paragraph2)abouttheparticlesoftheair

isthat_______.

A.theycontainmorepollutantsthannormalparticles

B.theymovemuchfasterinhighaltitudesthaninlowaltitudes

C.theyarefinerandlighterthannormalparticles

D.theirabilitytoreflectlightismuchthanstronger

33、WhatdidPricenotdoduringherresearch?

A.SherentedaBeechcraft.

B.SheusedhersensingequipmentaboardtheBeechcraft.

C.ShecollectedsamplesofpollutantsontheNorthwestcoastforfurther

tests.

D.Shetestedquantitiesofchemicalsintheair.

34、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout

thetworesearchteamsisTRUE?

A.ThetworesearchteamswhosefindingsPricecorrelatesherswithare

basedinAsia.

B.Pricecorrectssomeinaccuratedataprovidedbythetwoteamsoperating

inAsia.

C.PriceisworkingwiththetworesearchteamsinJapan.

D,ThetwoteamsinAsiavolunteertocorrelatetheirfindingswithPrice1s.

35>WhichofthestatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesentenceH...,we

expectthatsourcesinEuropewillcontributelessthanAsiansources"?

A.PollutionisexpectedtobelessseriousinEuropethaninAsia.

B.PollutionisstudiedinmoredepthinEuropethaninAsia.

C.PollutantscomingfromEuropearenotthemainsourceofpollutionin

NorthAmerica.

D.PollutantscomingfromEuropearethemainsourceofpollutioninNorth

America.

弟一^扁

ShrinkingWaterSupplyPosesThreattoPeace

"Water,whichisessentialforlife,costsnothing.Ontheotherhand,

diamonds,whichareessentialfornothing,costalot.nUnfortunately,the

worldhaschangedconsiderablysincean18thcenturyeconomistmadethisremark.

Whatwastrueover200yearsagoiscertainlynolongertruenow,ina

numberofcountriespeoplepayasmuchforwaterintheirhomesastheydo

forelectricity.

Likehealth,weignorewaterwhenwehaveit—unlesstherearefloods,

ofcourse.Oncethereisathreattoourwatersupply,however,watercan

quicklybecometheonlythingthatmatters.Weknowonlytoowellthatzwithout

water,therecanbenolife.

Thesituationisnowbecomingsobadthatenvironmenta1istfeelitmay

benecessarytoshocktheworldintosavingwaterinasimilarwaytothe

shockcausedbytheoilcrisesinthe1970s.

Atthattime,theoilcrisisbecamesuchaseriousthreattothelives

ofeveryoneinthedevelopedcountriesthatitmadepeopleconsciousofthe

importanceofsavingoilandprovidedpowerfulencouragementforgovernments

tolookforotherformsofenergy.

Theresultundoubtedlywasofmajorbenefittoenergyconservation.

Thereisnownolongerandunlimitedsupplyoffreshwater.About97per

centoftheplanet*swaterisseawater.Another2percentislockedinicecaps

andglaciers.Therearealsoreservesoffreshwaterundertheearth1ssurface

butthesearetoodeepforustouseeconomically.

Unfortunately,competitionisgrowingfiercelyforwhatlittlewateris

available.Itmaybeamatteroftimebeforethatcompetitionbecomesaconflict.

Tomakemattersworse,theworld'spopulationisincreasingsorapidly

thatitisexpectedtogrowtoabout8billionin30years—anincreaseof

60percent.

Moreover,inmanydevelopedcountriesthroughoutthewould,flush

lavatoriesandwashingmachinesmeantheaveragepersonnowuses300litres

ofwateradaycomparedwith50atthebeginningofthecentury.

Attheotherextreme,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,onequOrter

oftheworld1spopulationstilllackssafedrinkingwaterandpropersanitation.

Mostliveinthesouthernhemisphere,wheresuppliesoffreshwaterareput

injeopardythroughdirtyindustrialpracticeszpoorirrigationanderosion.

Thesocialstabilityoftheworldisnolongerthreatenedbyglobalwars,

theColdWar,...However,thesupplyofwatercouldsoonbecomethechief

threattosuchstability.Thereisalreadyevidenceofthishappening,

especiallyinAfrica.

RecentlytheEgyptianGovernmentthreatened1todestroyanydamsbuilt

ontheNileiftheyconsideredthedamswouldaffecttheirsupplyoffresh

water.

Whatisrequiredimmediatelyisanawarenessofthetruevalueofwater

andtheformationofsensiblewaterconservationstrategies.

Itisalsoofvitalimportancetohaveaconsensusonhowbesttouseshared

Waterresourcesforthebenefitofallthecountriesintheworldaswell

asanexaminationofthebestmethodsforthedistributionoftheworld1s

water.

36、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Peoplenowpayasmuchforwaterastheydid200yearsago.

B.Peoplenowpayaslittleforwaterastheydid200yearsago.

C.Waternowcostsasmuchasitusedto.

D.Waternowhasbecomemoreexpensivethanitwas.

37、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor*spurposeofmentioningtheoil

crisesinthe1970s?

A.Toprovethatwaterisasexpensiveasoil.

B.Towarntheworldofapossiblewatersupplycrisis.

C.Tocallpeople1sattentiontotheimportanceofenergyconservation.

D.Toshockthepeopleoftheworldintosavingwater.

38>WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafactorthat

ismakingthewatersituationintheworldmoreandmoresevere?

A.Theincreaseofpopulation.B.Theuseofwashingmachines.

C.Theuseofflushlavatories.D.Thepopularityofswimmingpools.

39、Whichofthefollowingiscitedbytheauthorastheplacewheresupply

ofwaterismostlikelytothreatensocialstability?

A.Africa.

B.Thesouthernhemisphere.

C・Egypt.

D.Allthedevelopedcountries.

40、Tosolvethewatersupplyproblemtheworldtodayfaces,theauthorsuggests

attheendofthearticledoingallthefollowingEXCEPT_______.

A.callingpeople1sattentiontothetruevalueofwater.

B.blowingupdamsthataffectthesupplyoffreshwater.

C.adoptingsoundwaterconservationpolicies.

D.findingthebestwaytodistributetheworld1swater.

加---

Space-AgeArcheology

It*sastrangepartnership,butaveryeffectiveone：Satellitesand

space-shuttie-carriedradararehelpingarcheologists.How?By"seeing”

throughsandorthroughtreetopstolocateimportantarcheologicalsites.

Thetraditionaltoolsforarcheologistsareshovelsandpicks.Buthigh

technologyismakingthearcheologist*sworkandtimefarmoreproductive.

Take,forexample,thesecond1981flightoftheSpaceShuttleChallenger.

Duringthemission,apowerful,experimentalradarwaspointedatalifeless

stretchofdesertinEgyptcalledtheSelimaSandSheet（partoftheSahara

Desert）.Toeveryone*ssurprise,theradarpenetratedthroughthesandto

theharderrockbeneath.Onthesurface,thereisalittleindicationthat

Africa1sSaharaDesertwasneveranythingbutadesert.Whenthearcheologists

studiedtheradarimages,theysawwhatseemedtobeimpossible：therewas

sand-buriedlandscapethatwasshapedbyflowingwater；tracesofancient

riverbedsappearedtobeoverninemileswide,farwiderthanmostsections

ofthepresent-dayNileRiver.Today,theareaisoneofthehottestzdriest

desertintheworld.

Archeologistsdugpitsalongtheoldriverbanksandfoundcluestothe

past：stream-roundedpebbles（鹅卵石），Stone-Ageaxes,brokenostrich（鸵鸟）

eggshellszandtheshellsoflandsnails.Thearcheologistswerequitepleased

withthese