考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷31（共190题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷31（共9套）（共190题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)[A]TheworkbuildsonastudypublishedlastyearbyShinyaYamanakaofKyotoUniversityinJapan,whichshowedthatmousetailcellscouldbetransformedintoES-likecellsbyinsertingfourgenes(ScienceNow,3July2006).Thosegenesarenormallyswitchedoffafterembryoniccellsdifferentiateintothevariouscelltypes.InJunethisyear,Yamanakaandanothergroupreportedthatthecellsweretrulypluripotent,meaningthattheyhadthepotentialtogrowintoanytissueinthebody(ScienceNow,6June).[B]Inthenewwork,Yamanakaandhiscolleaguesusedaretrovirustoferryintoadultcellsthesamefourgenestheyhadpreviouslyusedtoreprogrammousecells:OCT3/4,SOX2,KLF4,andc-MYC.Theyreprogrammedcellstakenfromthefacialskinofa36-year-oldwomanandfromconnectivetissuefroma69-year-oldman.RoughlyoneiPScelllinewasproducedforevery5,000cellstheresearcherstreatedusingthetechnique,anefficiencythatenabledthemtoproduceseveralcelllinesfromeachexperiment.[C]Nowtheracetorepeatthefeatinhumancellshasendedinatie:Twogroupsreporttodaythattheyhavereprogrammedhumanskincellsintoso-calledinducedpluripotentcells(iPSs).InapaperpublishedonlineinCell,Yamanakaandhiscolleaguesshowthattheirmousetechniqueworkswithhumancellsaswell.AndinapaperpublishedonlineinScience,JamesThomsonoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,andhiscolleaguesreportsuccessinreprogramminghumancells,againbyinsertingjustfourgenes,twoofwhicharedifferentfromthoseYamanakauses.[D]Oncethekinksareworkedout,"thewholefieldisgoingtocompletelychange,"saysstemcellresearcherJoseCibelliofMichiganStateUniversityinEastLansing."Peopleworkingonethicswillhavetofindsomethingnewtoworryabout."[E]Thomson'steamstartedfromscratch,identifyingitsownlistof14candidatereprogramminggenes.LikeYamanaka'sgroup,theteamusedasystematicprocessofeliminationtoidentifyfourfactors:OCT3andSOX2,asYamanakaused,andtwodifferentgenes,NANOGandLIN28.Thegroupreprogrammedcellsfromfetalskinandfromtheforeskinofanewbornboy.Theresearcherswereabletotransformaboutonein10,000cells,lessthanYamanaka'stechniqueachieved,Thomsonsays,butstillenoughtocreateseveralcelllinesfromasingleexperiment.[F]Scientistshavemanagedtoreprogramhumanskincellsdirectlyintocellsthatlookandactlikeembryonicstem(ES)cells.Thetechniquemakesitpossibletogeneratepatient-specificstemcellstostudyortreatdiseasewithoutusingembryosoroocytes—andthereforecouldbypasstheethicaldebatesthathaveplaguedthefield."Thisislikeanearthquakeforboththescienceandpoliticsofstemcellresearch,"saysJesseReynolds,policyanalystfortheCenterforGeneticsandSocietyinOakland,California.[G]Althoughpromising,bothtechniquesshareadownside.Theretrovirusesusedtoinsertthegenescouldcausetumorsintissuesgrownfromthecells.Thecrucialnextstep,everyoneagrees,istofindawaytoreprogramcellsbyswitchingonthegenesratherthaninsertingnewcopies.Thefieldismovingquicklytowardthatgoal,saysstemcellresearcherDouglasMeltonofHarvardUniversity."Itisnothardtoimagineatimewhenyoucouldaddsmallmoleculesthatwouldticklethesamenetworksasthesegenes"andproducereprogrammedcellswithoutgeneticalterations,hesays.Order:1、标准答案：A知识点解析：文章首段[F]就开门见山地指出：科学家已经成功重组了人体的皮肤细胞并改造成了类胚胎干细胞。由第一段和最后一段可以得知，这句话是本文的中心。[A]中首句“这些研究工作都是以去年日本京都大学山中伸弥教授的一项研究发现为基础的”是过渡句，起到承上启下的作用，这表明下文将阐述科学家这项重大发现的研究工作，故选[A]。2、标准答案：C知识点解析：由第一段、第二段及最后一段我们可以看出，全文围绕一个核心概念：科学家的重大发现展开，逐步论述这个发现是如何被科学家经过各种实验和研究发现的。[C]的开头一词：Now，时间上起到了很好的衔接作用，使文章自然地过渡到下文。此外，[C]中提到的therace，twogroups以及描述的两组研究人员最后都得出了惊人的发现，都与上一段的描述很好地呼应，这符合段落之间的逻辑关系，故为本题答案。3、标准答案：B知识点解析：第三段中作者介绍了Thomson和Yamanaka两个研究小组在Yamanaka小组原来的研究基础上都获得了同样的重大发现，按照文章的逻辑关系，作者接下来就会介绍一下这两组研究小组获得发现的研究过程。[E]主要讲的是Thomson小组的研究过程，但作者在[B]开头便说Inthenewwork(在新的研究中)，然后再介绍Yamanaka小组的实验过程，Inthenewwork起到恰当的过渡作用，而且Yamanaka小组首先做了基础的实验，才有后来两个小组的共同研究结果，所以相比之下，[C]和[B]这两部分的语义衔接更为紧密，属于上下文关系。故[B]为正确答案。4、标准答案：E知识点解析：上文详细阐述了Thomson小组的实验过程，而[E]中的LikeYamanaka’sgroup刚好与[B]紧密衔接起来，而紧接其后的andtwodifferentgenes又与[C]中作者在段尾指出虽然两组实验结果一致，但汤姆森领导的实验小组所用的两个重组基因与Yamanaka小组所用的不同形成了前后呼应的关系，属于语义场同现，故[E]为正确答案。5、标准答案：G知识点解析：通过文章前几段的描述，可以看出这篇文章是典型的“总一分一总”结构。文章第一段提出论述的中心，后面接下来的几段围绕中心进行了一步步详细的描述，最后应该进行总结。英语文章在进行总结时，通常会先对文章进行概括，然后提出不足或给出解决方案。[G]在第一句中就先对文章描述的重大科学发现予以肯定，说新的发现带来了巨大的希望，但同时又指出这两种技术都存在一些弊端，与上文衔接紧密，故为正确答案。[A]TimeAwayThatShapesCareers[B]FacultyWeighin[C]AdmissionsImpact[D]NoRegrets[E]HelpStudentsDevelopStrategiestoMingle[F]FindingOpportunities[G]BuildStrongSenseofResponsibilityDatafromtheNationalScienceFoundationindicatethatoverthelast25years,therehasbeenafairlyconsistent1-to2-yeartimevarianceintheintervalbetweenanundergraduatedegreeandaPh.D.Sowheredoestheextratimego?Partofitisthe"postbac":recentgraduatesoftentakebetweenthebachelor'sdegreeandgraduateschool."Postbac"timeallowsrecentgraduatestomature,gainsomeperspective,andlearnnewskillsbeforestartingoutonalonggraduateprogram.Ashorthiatusbeforethelongroad,studentsandfacultymemberssay,isalmostalwaysgood.【R1】______Mostfacultymembersagreethatifstudentshaveaclearideaofwhattheywanttostudyandwhattheirgoalsare,theycanmakeasuccessfuldirecttransitiontograduateschool."Forthegreatmajorityofstudents,sometimeoffisagoodidea,"saysDeborahGoldberg,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofMichigan.StudentswithmorelifeexperienceoftenhavethematurityittakestoperseverethroughaPh.D.,shesays.ShehasobservedthatstudentswithoutthatexperiencearemorelikelytofeelburnedoutandtodropoutoftheirPh.D.programsthanarestudentswhotaketimeoff.【R2】______Facultymembersagreethat1to2yearsawaydoesnothurtastudentinthegraduate-admissionsprocess.Butrelevantwork—especiallyresearchexperience—oftenhasabetter-than-neutraleffectonadmissionsprospects.Asheconsideredgraduateprograms,Grieswasabletodiscusshisresearchinone-on-oneinterviewswithfacultymembers,andallofthem,hesays,consideredhisyearofworkanadvantage.Maturityandlifeexperiencearethemainsellingpointsfor"postbac"time,butthedetailsofwhatyoulearncanmatter,too.Inaddition,manyfacultymembersappreciatetheperspectivesstudentswithaddedlifeexperiencebringtotheirclassroomsandlaboratories.【R3】______Individualswespoketowhohadcompleteda"postbac"expressednoregretsabouttheirdecisions.SarahWalkerseesonlyadvantagestothetimethatshespentinthePeaceCorpsandworkinginAfrica.AftershefinishedherundergraduatedegreeatSmithCollegeinNorthampton,Massachusetts,in1994,sheworkedasabiologyandmathematicsteacherfor2yearsinLesotho.WhenshereturnedtograduateschoolattheUniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,in1998,WalkerfoundthatherexperienceinthePeaceCorpsmadeteachingassignmentseasier.HerexperienceinAfricashapedhercareergoals:Herthesisresearchinenvironmentalscienceexaminedtheimpactofland-usechangesonecologicalsystems.Walkersaysherrelationshipswithfacultymemberswerealsoimprovedbyhertimeaway.【R4】______FindingapostgraduatepositionoutsideoforganizedprogramssuchasthePeaceCorpsrequiresundergraduatestomineadiversenetworkofresources.Talktoasmanypeopleaspossible,Goldbergsays;facultymembersmightknowofcolleagueswhoarelookingforresearchassistants.Regionalandnationalmeetingspresentgreatchancesforundergraduatestoscoutforpositions.【R5】______AftercompletingthecorerequirementsforherPh.D.in2005,WalkertookajobatWinrockInternational,anonprofitinternationaldevelopmentorganizationinArlington,Virginia.Herjob—advisingprojectsthathelplimitcarbonemissionsanddeforestationinthedevelopingworld-buildsonbothherPeaceCorpsexperienceandscientificexpertise.Unsurprisingly,she'sastrongadvocateofthepostbac."Taking2years[off]haszeronegativeimpactonyourabilitytocontinueoninschool,"sheadvises.Itallowsyoutogrowasapersonandhaveabettersenseofwhatitisthatyouwanttodo.6、【R1】标准答案：B知识点解析：第三段全段没有出现转折词，可见，该部分内容前后一致，为递进关系。在本段中出现students和they，指代的是前两段提到的大学毕业之后先工作一段时间，然后再返回大学继续进修研究生的学生。先说大学老师都认为如果学生清楚地知道他们的目标是什么，那么他们会更顺利地进入研究院学习，由此我们可以发现，这是承接上文，之后又引用了一个教授的话加以佐证，可判断答案为[B]。7、【R2】标准答案：C知识点解析：本题所在段首句为主题句，指出大学老师们也一致认为离开学校一到两年不会在研究生人学考试上使学生受到打击。后面进一步解释了大学毕业后先工作一段时间反倒对研究生入学有更大帮助，后面还用了一个例子来进行进一步的印证。而[C]是对主题句的同义转述，是对后面细节内容的高度概括，故为答案。8、【R3】标准答案：D知识点解析：本段末尾出现明显的主题句，但全段都是在谈论选择大学毕业之后先短暂工作一段时间的大学生对自己的选择没有遗憾，作者先是提到成熟的个性和工作经验是毕业后在实验室短暂工作一段时间的最大卖点，然后再谈到很多大学老师还很欣赏有更多生活经验并且很有潜质的学生把更多东西带到他们的教室和实验室里来。最后用莎拉·沃克作为实例分析获得学士学位后先工作一段时间的优势。结合首段内容可知，这里作者是把毕业后先短暂工作一段时间的好处一一列举，从中获得的东西会令人对这个选择没有遗憾，故[D]为答案。9、【R4】标准答案：F知识点解析：本段提到大学毕业生毕业之后需要通过各种手段和途径寻求研究助理的职位去工作。段中出现requires，lookingfor等词，表示大学毕业生需要找到合适的职位，而且本段当中还提醒学生可通过多种途径寻求工作职位，这与[F]中的FindingOpportunities不谋而合，故答案为[F]。10、【R5】标准答案：A知识点解析：第5题考生很容易选[G]，这是因为这一段先是提到Walker在毕业后到一个nonprofit(非盈利的)组织去工作，并且后文还提到她在PeaceCorps的经历使得她很胜任现在的工作，这些都与[G]比较一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握，不能只关注部分细节内容。本段除了这些词之外，作者更多谈到的是大学毕业先工作一段时间可以让你对未来人生的职业规划有更加明确的认识。显然该段主旨并非责任心的问题。特别是最后Walker说道：相反地，这种经历反倒可以让你成长为一个人，更清楚你将来想干什么，由此得出[A]为答案。Thetime-enduringmetaphorofthewaroncancer,asoverusedasitmaybe,isasevocativeasevertodescribeoureffortstobeatthediseasethatwillclaimnearly566,000Americanlivesthisyearalone.Solet'sfallbackonmartialimagerytodescribeourcurrentposition:Wenowknowtheenemyfarbetterthaneverbefore.Andthatpromisesmuchmoreprecisetargets.【R1】______Butmountingdiscoveriesabouttheastoundinglycomplexessenceofcancer—thatitscauseslieinmultitudesofgenesgoneawry—arealsopointingthewaytowardtreatmentsaimedinlaser-likefashionatapatient'suniquesetofgeneticlimitations.Inmid-October,scientistsreportedinNaturethatthey'veidentified26keymutatedgeneslinkedtolungcancer,forexample.【R2】______Yetuntilquiterecently,theonlytoolsavailable—theblunt-forcemainstaysofsurgery,chemotherapy,andradiation—treatedeveryonemuchthesame.Then,inthe1990s,powerfulnewcomputingtechnologyallowedresearcherstobegincomparingtheDNAofcancerousandhealthytissuesandgainalookattheveryblueprintsofsimilar-lookingbutmarkedlydifferenttumors.【R3】______Itseemsthatmanyoftheabnormalgenesoperatetogethertocreatetroubleinasmallernumberofdistinctcellularpathways—themolecularprocessesthatmakeacancercellsodeadly.Thesecommonpathwaysarethelikelydrugtargets.Thinkofitthisway:Multiplecarsaretakingseparateroutestothesamegarage,andinsteadoftryingtostopeachcarontheroad,youblockthedriveway.Thepathwaysaresharedbycancersindifferentorgans;thenewlungcancerstudy,forexample,revealedmutationsalsofingeredincanceroftheretinaandcolon,amongothers,suggestingthatdrugscanbeusedagainstapanoplyoftumors.【R4】______Theoretically,thatmeansdrugscouldbemuchbettermatchedtopatients.Thatkindofmatchingisonlyoccasionallyavailablenow.LungcancerdrugsTarcevaandIressatargetthecell-growthreceptorEGFR;forreasonsnotyetfullyunderstoodbutmostlikelyinvolvingmutationsinEGFR,theyworkbetterinsomepatientsthaninothers.【R5】______Foronething,findingallthemutationslinkedtoacertaincancerisn'tenough.Howandwhyaregenesturnedonandoff?Andhowdothesignalingpathwaysaffectandinfluenceeachother?Evenwhenatargetisidentifiedasimportantandadrugmadetoblockit,chancesarethetumorhasanotherwaytoreachthesameend—orwillfindoneasitcontinuestogrowandmutate,whichexplainswhypeopledevelopresistancetotargetedtherapiesthatworkatfirst.Whatthisallsuggests,manysay,isthatjustasHIVisnowmanagedbyadrugcocktail,cancermayonedaybehandledasachronicdiseasecontrolledbyachangingmixofseveraldrugsatonceinsequenceorcombination.Theraceisontoexpandthearsenal.AccordingtoarecentDatamonitorreport,10newtargeteddrugshaveenteredthemarketplacesince2005,andresearchersarestudyingexistingtherapiestoseeifthey'remoreeffectivetogether.[A]It'sbeenclearforyears,forexample,thatcancersvarywidelyeveniftheylookthesameunderamicroscope:Someareslowgrowing,othersareaggressive;somepatientsrespondtoonedrug,whileothersarenothelpedatall.[B]Devisingtreatmentstocombateverysinglemutationwouldbeahugetask—butthatmaynotbenecessary,expertssay.[C]Ofcourse,asevenSunTzurecognized,intelmustbetranslatedintoeffectiveaction,andinthisstruggle,thatefforthasbeenalltooplaguedbyfailure.[D]Withinjustafewyears,thetechnologymaybeavailabletosequenceanindividualtumor'sgenesandfindoutexactlywhatpathwaysneedblocking,saysRaymondDuBois,deanofM.D.AndersonCancerCenterinHoustonandpresidentoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch.[E]Anewstudyhasfoundthatmutationsineitheroftwogenesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentoflungcancer.[F]Studieshavefoundthattheepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)geneismutatedinmanynon-smallcelllungcancersandthatthesemutationsareassociatedwithincreasedsensitivitytogefitinib(Iressa)orerlotinib(Tarceva),tyrosinekinase(TK)inhibitorsthattargetEGFR.[G]Clearly,convertingthismassofnewgeneticinformationintoperfectlytailoredtherapiesisn'taquickanddirtyexercise.11、【R1】标准答案：C知识点解析：作者在前文介绍了我们现在对癌症的了解比以前已经多了很多，而且就已知的情况我们将会有更明确的抗癌目标。那么接下来该把目标付诸实际行动。七个选项中只有[C]具体提到了必须转化为有效的行动。因此[C]是正确答案。12、【R2】标准答案：A知识点解析：上文提到科学家已经找到一些治疗癌症的措施，而在第2题空格处的后一句是：直到最近，才发现了唯一一种有效的方法。由此推断第2题空格处依然应该描述治疗癌症的措施或方法，对上文进行进一步的说明。[A]中出现了forexample，根据上下文语义逻辑关系，可以初步判定本题答案是[A]，然后再根据该题上下文语义场，显然该项符合此处上下文逻辑及语义关系。13、【R3】标准答案：B知识点解析：由上文我们得知癌症变化的幅度很广，下文按照逻辑，设计研究者应该设计出对抗每一个变异的癌症的方法，根据常识，研究者肯定用的是相反的方法。[B]刚好指出设计出对抗每一个变异的癌症的方法将是一项巨大的工作——而专家也说，那也没有必要。故[B]为本题答案。14、【R4】标准答案：D知识点解析：前一段末句中谈到，科学家通过研究发现，可以按照用来堵住所有肿瘤的所有细胞途径来发明药物治疗癌症。根据常识可知，接下来就应该按照这个原理来发明药物。而[D]引用美国休斯敦安德森癌症中心主任、美国癌症研究学会会长雷蒙德·迪布瓦先生的话对这个方法予以肯定，同时[D]中的blocking与上文句中的block构成顺承关系，故本题答案是[D]。15、【R5】标准答案：G知识点解析：经过对上文的分析之后发现，这些药物并不是对所有的人都适用，第5题下一句中用了Foronething，明显是在解释原因，而[G]中所表述的意思很明显，把这种大量的新遗传信息转化为恰好适合的治疗药物并不是一个快速而又有效的方法，刚好与上文表达的药物不一定适用于任何人一致。这符合文章上下文的语义逻辑关系，故[G]为本题答案。I'mnotoriousamongmyfriendsforbeinganearly-morningexerciser—youknow,theannoyingpersonwhobouncesrightoutofbedbeforethealarmgoesoff(Ihaveneverhitthesnoozebuttoninmylife),jumpsintoherrunningshoes,andisoutthedoorforarun,swim,orbikeridebeforeMattLauerisintohisfirstcupofcoffee.【R1】______Thetroubleis,Iusuallyendupputtingthemoffuntilafterwork,andthenuntilthenextday,whentheentirecyclerepeatsitself.【R2】______ButnowthatI'mputtingdownthehammerandgettingbackintoaworkoutroutine,I'mfindingthatitcanbehardtomotivatemyselftoactually,youknow,workout.SoIdecidedtocheckoutwhethertechnologyoffersanybetteranswersthansimplyputtingaPost-itonmycomputer.Usingtextmessaging,phonemessages,andE-mailtomotivatepeopletobetterhealthbehaviorisahottopic,itturnsout.ResearchersinScotland,forexample,areusingatest-messagingsystemcalledSweetTalktoremindteenswithtype1diabetestotaketheirinsulin.Textmessageshavealsobeenusedtoremindpeopletotaketheirmedicationsandhelpthemquitsmokingandhavebeenstudiedtofollowupwithbulimiapatients.【R3】______OrsendadelayedE-mailmessagetoyourself,anoptionavailableinsomeE-mailprograms,includingMicrosoftOutlook.OruseaWeb-basedservicetoremindyourselfviatextmessagesorE-mail;GoogleCalendarandOhDontForget.combothallowyoutoprogramintextmessagestoyourself.【R4】______(SweetTalkalonedidn'timprovebloodsugarlevelsintheabsenceofintensiveinsulintherapy,whilethebulimicsstudiedfoundtheautomatedmessageswereimpersonal.)Inthatcase,it'sapersonaltouchthatmaymattermost.ResearchersatOhioStateUniversityMedicalCenterarestudyingpostmenopausalwomenwhoareoverweightanddon'texercise,thusputtingthemathigherriskforbreastcancer.They'regivingeachwomanapedometerandagoalofworkingupto10,000stepsaday.Butonegroupofwomeninthe12-weekstudywillgetdailyautomatedvoicemessagesremindingthemtoworkout,whiletheotherwillgetbothvoicemessagesandcallsfromarealliveperson—acoach.Thehypothesisisthattheoneswhospeaktoarealpersonwillbettersticktotheirgoals(andpossiblypreventcancer).【R5】______TomHolland,aDarien,Conn-basedexercisephysiologistwhocoachesandtrainspeoplerangingfromIronman,triathletestofitnessnewbies,saysoneofhisclientsistryingtoloseweightashermaingoal."Isendheralittlemessageeverydaywhenshe'snotexpectingit,"hesays."Itmayjustsay'Youcandoit,'butitreally,reallyworks.Itshowsthatsomeonetooktimeoutandisthinkingaboutthemandisontheirside."I'mexperimentingwithGoogleCalendarforthereminders.Andforface-to-facemotivation,I'veinstructedmyboyfriendtoharassmetogorunningatleasteveryotherday,whilehe'stoldmetomakesureheplaysbasketballatleastasoften.I'lltellyouhowitgoes.Gotagreatway—high-techorlow—ofremindingormotivatingyourselftoworkout?Pleaseshareit.[A]Iwon'tlie;it'sbeenreally,reallynicetorelax.[B]Tomotivateyourself,tryanonlinecalendar,likeGoogleCalendar,thatyoucanprogramtoremindyourselftoworkout.[C]Now,though,I'mrecoveringfromvariousinjuriesandtakingabreakfromheavytraining,andI'vediscoveredthejoysofsleepingpast7:30andputtingoffmyworkoutsuntilmylunchbreak.[D]Personaltrainersandcoacheshavealreadycottonedontothisidea.[E]Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers'health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiationfromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.[F]Butifyouneedareasontoexercise,notjustareminder,youmayrequireabitmorethananautomatedmessage.[G]DrFranklinandhercolleaguesdevisedasystemcalledSweetTalk,whichsendspatientspersonalizedtextmessagesremindingthemofthetreatmentgoalstheyhavesetthemselves,andallowingthemtosendquestionstodoctors.16、【R1】标准答案：C知识点解析：作者在前文介绍了自己是一个进行体育锻炼很有规律的人，但是第1题空格后作者提到自己现在有些不习惯，据此推断，空格处应该是作者改变了自己的工作和锻炼的正常习惯，所以才会不习惯，而七个选项中只有[C]提到作者受伤了，而且发现睡懒觉很舒服，所以把所有的锻炼都推迟到了午休时间，因此[C]是本题答案。17、【R2】标准答案：A知识点解析：作者在上文中指出自己在改变了生活和工作习惯后非常不习惯。本题解题难度稍大，但是考生应该想到，如果不习惯，可以改回原来的时间表。在第2题后面，作者就提到了回到原来的作息时间表的问题(gettingbackintoaworkoutrootine)。[A]指出“休息真的真的很享受”，其中的nice与上文中的joys属于同义替换，刚好和下文的内容形成对比，符合逻辑习惯，故[A]是本题答案。18、【R3】标准答案：B知识点解析：在第2题所在段的最后一句作者提到：所以我决定，检查一下先进科技是否可以提供比简单地往电脑上贴一张即时贴更好的方法。之后作者提到了利用短消息、电话提醒和电子邮件来进行提醒。[B]中的workout在第2题所在段已经出现过，根据词汇复现原则可以初步判定本题答案是[B]。然后再根据该题上下文语义，显然该项符合上下文逻辑及语义关系，故为本题答案。19、【R4】标准答案：F知识点解析：在第4题之前的几个段落讲现代科技可以给人们带来的便利，如手机短信、电子邮件等等对人们进行提醒，而在第4题之后，作者指出Inthatcase，it’sapersonaltouchthatmaymattermost，从而把论述的重点转移到了personaltouch，所以第4题应该是个转折。纵观所有选项，只有[F]开头便是but，而再结合上下文语义，显然本题答案是[F]。20、【R5】标准答案：D知识点解析：上一段作者语锋一转，开始论述personaltouch，而在第5题后面又举了汤姆·哈兰德手下的一名学员在真人提醒下取得的进步，由此可以判断第5题应该是对真人提醒的肯定，而[D]指出：真人训练者和教练都肯定了这个计划，符合文章上下文语义，故为本题正确答案。[A]Americans'abilitytotakethemortgageinterestdeductionranksuptherewiththerighttobeararmsandwatchfootballgames.HomeownershipispartoftheAmericandream,andtheU.S.governmenthaslongdoneitsparttoencouragehomebuyingamongcitizensofalleconomicstrata.EconomistEdmundPhelps,a2006NobellaureateandColumbiaUniversityprofessor,hascriticizedtheU.S.financialsector'sorientationtowardfinancingresidentialconstructionandawayfrombusinessinvestmentandinnovation.[B]So,Igrewupthinkingthatrentingisperfectlynormal.Andthen,strangelyenough,Ineverdidbuyahouse.IliveinNewYorkCityandI'mstillrenting.Myownpersonalnarrativeshowsthatitispossibletolivearespectablelifewithouteverhavingownedahome.[C]Isthesacrificeofbusinessinvestmentandinnovationthekeynegativetothefinancialsector'sfocusonhousing?Thatwasmykeynegative,butIalsohadsomeanimusagainsttheideathateverybodyoughttoownhisorherownhome.Ithoughtthiswasabizarresocialgoal.[D]Haven'tyounotedinthepastthathomeownershipcanreducethemobilityofaworkforce?That'snottrueinNewYorkorLosAngeles,wheretherearesomanyemployers.ButifyouownyourhomeinPeoriaandyou'reworkingforsomespecializedfirm,andthingsdon'tgosowellthere—atthatpoint,you'dliketohavethemobilityofpickingupstakesatnocostandlookingforsomesimilarkindoffirmelsewhere.Tobeperfectlyhonest,thattheothersideofthecoinisthatmobilityisn'tnecessarilyrightuptherewithapplepieassomethingthat'sgoodforus.Becausewhenpeopleareverymobile,theycanbeverydifficultemployees.[E]Therehasbeenresearchthatshowshomeownershipmakesforbettercitizens.Icanwellimaginethatsomeunemployedsociologistwouldlookintothathypothesis.I'mnotattackingtheideathatpeopleliveinconglomerationsofhousesinproximitytooneanother,sharingthesamewatermainsandthesamenewspaperdeliveryboyandsoforth.I'mnotobjectingtothat.Thatcouldhappenwithorwithouthomeownership.[F]Isitemotional,asin,partoftheAmericandream?Orhasitjustbeenthebestwayforpeopletobuildwealth?Wecouldarguewhetherornotit'sthebestway.Butwhatissurprisingisthisnewethos,thisnewenthusiasmforhomeownershipsuggeststhatitshouldbe—forpeoplewhoaren'trichanyway—themainwaytheyholdtheirwealthandthatthere'ssomethingalmostun-Americanaboutholdingyourwealthinstocksandbonds.Thecelebrationofhomeownershipseemstobepartofacountermovementagainstpopularowningofsharesincorporations.[G]Ofcourse,Icomefrommoreofanurbanculture.Igrewup,untilage6,inChicago.Myparentsrentedtheirapartmentand,attheendoftheDepression,myparentswantedtoreplicatethatsituation.So,again,welivedinasomewhatsuburbansettingoutsideofNewYorkCityand,again,theyrented.[H]U.S.government'simproperrealestateandfinancialpoliciesforthecrisispavedthewayfortheseeds.HomeOwnershipwastheAmericandream.Inthe1930stheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesflaggingdomesticdemand,Roosevelt'sNewDealofthedecision-makingisoneoftheestablishmentofFannieMae,toprovideforthenationalhousingfinancetohelppeoplebuyhousing,tostimulatedomesticdemand.[I]So,willthenexteconomicexpansionlookverydifferent?Ithinkweverymuchneedtoreorientthefinancialsectorawayfromhousing.Thelevelofhousingconstructionwasunsustainable.Ithadtocometoacrashingend.Butwhatwehavetohopeforisthatthefinancialsectorwillbeabletoreinventitselfandstartlearningtoservetheclassicalfunctionsofallocatingfinancetocompetinginvestmentprojectsandcompetinginnovationsandactivities.Ithinksomehowthebankingindustryhaslosttheexpertisetobeabletochooseamongrivalinvestmentprojectsandinnovationprojects.Idon'tthinkthebankersknowanythingaboutalternativeenergyprojects.They'regoingtohavetoacquirethatexpertiseifthey'regoingtobe,astheNewYorkTimesputit,"useful"totheeconomy.Order:21、标准答案：C知识点解析：文章第一段先提出了一种现象，即美国人都有很强的承受抵押贷款利息扣除额的能力，都想居者有其屋，然后引用一位诺贝尔获奖者的感言批评了这种现象。因此，在这一段后作者应该表明自己对这种现象的观点，[C]恰恰非常明确地表示Ialsohadsomeanimusagainsttheidea(我仍然有意反对……)。因此[C]正确。22、标准答案：F知识点解析：通过对第一、二段和第五段内容的把握可知，本文大体结构为现象．解释型。所以应选择一个解释性语言的段落，[F]恰好分析了美国民众对居者有其屋饱含深情的原因。因此[F]正确。23、标准答案：E知识点解析：通过对第三段内容的把握，发现文章解释部分又是“总一分”结构。作者在第三段对居者有其屋现象先是从它是美国梦的一部分来加以解释，下文将会从具体的方面进行逐一分析。[E]开头提到已经有研究报告指出拥有房屋可以培养出更好的公民，所以[E]正确。24、标准答案：B知识点解析：通过对前面一到五段的把握和对第3题的分析很容易得知，作者在对人们居者有其屋那么认同的原因解释的同时，用自身的经历进行逐一辩驳。所以此段会对租房住予以肯定。[B]恰好论述在“我”成长的过程中“我”认为租住房屋是再正常不过的事情。而且[B]开头有So一词作为逻辑顺序标准词，所以[B]正确。25、标准答案：D知识点解析：分析文章最后一段，发现最后一段是总结性语言，在批驳居者有其屋之际，还建议人们应该适应金融部门把投资从房屋上转移的改变。由于最后一段以so开头，就意味前后文是因果关系，所以这一段应该是分析人们认同居者有其屋的又一原因，同时作者还会加以反驳，只有[D]提到拥有住房可以减少劳动力的流动性，并在之后用That’snottrue进行了明确的反驳，所以[D]正确。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Comeon—Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood—drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexamplesofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasloveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology."Daretobedifferent,pleasedon'tsmoke!"pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers—teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'spresentedhereisthatitdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheloveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There'snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealth