考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷6（共200题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷6（共9套）（共200题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenbountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens'commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthekeeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswerethestingiest(mostungenerous)afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:"corporatist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.1、Homoeconomicusischaracterizedas_____.A、economicalB、lazyC、leisure-obsessedD、benefits-driven标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。根据Homoeconomicus定位到第一段。其中讲到“经济人”深谙工作的目的——获得报酬，言外之意是其只受利益驱使，故D项正确。2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgetwerethestingiest.D、AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。答案在第二段。最后一句话提到“英国人紧随美国人之后，获得的福利最微薄”，故C项正确。3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Para.3),theauthormeansA、BritonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelillB、BritonshavegoodimmunesystemC、BritonsarenotkeenonworkD、Britonsareafraidofhardwork标准答案：C知识点解析：语义理解题。答案在第三段第五行。该句中冒号后面的内容是对前半句的解释，即“每个社会阶层，每个教育层次的英国人对工作都更缺乏热情”，因此C项正确。4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerousdueto_____.A、thedependencycultureB、astrongworkethicC、theriseofbenefitsD、variousworkingattitudes标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据“encompassing”states定位到第四段。根据原文中lavishness…havebeenmadepossibleby…可知by后的内容即为答题信息点。主要涉及对ratherthan词组的理解：否定它后面的，肯定前面的astrongworkethic，因此B项正确。5、Germanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat_____.A、GermanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistoryB、corporatiststateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritainC、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentivesD、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。考查例证细节。德国的例子表明“工龄较长的人能获得更好的福利”，这实际上是为了说明该段中心句“工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特点影响”，因此C项正确。AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanieshaveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrustedtoreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.Theunanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbigtobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaigntodeceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladysKessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatementsandsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadversehealtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthedesignofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhandsmokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresentedfewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,itseemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesofdeliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheldsomebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedtopreventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditionalfraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuchrequirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlementagreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightlyunimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentintoeffectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevariousprohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedtogivetheF.D.Apowertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteonsimilarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisadishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreementsithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.Athepowertoregulatethecontentandmarketingoftobaccoproducts.6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecisionbeforevoting?A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies’incompetenceinself-discipline.B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.D、Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据wise定位到第一段，其中最后一句明确说明对烟草公司进行监管是必要的，可见之所以说这样做是“明智的”，是由于这项裁决能让参观员认识到对烟草行业进行监管的必要性，并促使他们投上赞成票，故C项正确。7、WecaninferfromJudgeKessler’sfindingsthat_____.A、tobaccocompaniesachievecustomeraddictionatthecostoftheirhealthB、theadversehealtheffectsofsmokinghavebeenchronicallyunderestimatedC、racketeeringandfraudhaveblindedthetobaccocompaniesforalongtimeD、thediseasescausedbysecondhandsmokehavebeencarelesslydenied标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据JudgeKessler定位到第二、三段，原文laidout等指示词后面的内容即暗示了JudgeKessler对烟草公司的态度，A项是对烟草公司欺骗行径的总结。8、TherestrictionsandrequirementsimposedbyJudgeKessler_____.A、haveentirelybeenapprovedbytheappealscourtB、willimmediatelybeviolatedbythetobaccocompaniesC、severelyoverlapwiththeprevioussettlementagreementD、aremeanttopreventtobaccocompaniesfromdeceiving标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题。根据restrictionsandrequirements定位到第四段。原文说。JudgeKessler提出这些限制和要求的目的是为了防止烟草公司今后再进行虚假宣传以及从事其他的欺诈行为，D项说明的目的符合原文。9、Theword"rightly"(Para.5)canbebestreplacedby_____.A、justlyB、understandablyC、evidentlyD、appropriately标准答案：A知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题干定位到第五段。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。此处rightly应意为“正当地”时。这里是指由于烟草公司1998年立即违反规定的行径，法院对其抗议给予正当的漠视。四个选项中与法院最相关的词是justly(正当地)，也可以由此推测A项正确。10、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A、Self-regulatedTobaccoIndustryB、OnceaLiar,AlwaysaLiarC、WatchYourVote,SenatorsD、ADishonestIndustry标准答案：D知识点解析：全文主旨题。根据文章大意，D项dishonest一词最能表明烟草行业的实质，与全文内容最为贴切。Writingforanhistoricalseriesistricky,andtheoutcomeisnotalwaysasuccess.ThebestoverallEuropeanhistoryinEnglishistheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope,butitwasuneveninquality,anditsufferedbecausethevolumesappearedsofarapartintime.ThenewPenguinHistoryofEuropehasonlyrecentlybegun.Butjudgingbythissecondvolumeinaprojectedeight-volumese-ries,itisgoingtobeasmashingsuccess.TimBlanning,aCambridgehistoryprofessorbringstohisperiodknowledge,experience,soundjudgmentandacolorfulnarrativestyle.Hisbroadrangeisevidentfromthestartwhen,inplaceoftheusualrecitationofpoliticsandbattles,heexpoundsonsuchthemesascommunications,transport,demographyandfarming.Indeed,muchofwhatmightbeseenastraditionalhistoryispushedbacktothefourthandfinalpartofthebook.NottheleastofMr.Blanning'sachievementsishisintegratedapproachtotheentirecontinent.HejumpsnimblyfromSpaintotheLowCountries,fromRussiatoAustria,fromPrussiatoTurkey.ManyofEurope'sroyalfamilieswererelated,afterall.Theauthoralsoexpertlyplacesthehistoryofthetwogreatestrivalsoftheday,EnglandandFrance,initswiderEuropeancontext.AnyBritishEuroscepticwhothinkshiscountry'shistoryisdetachedfromcontinentalEurope'swouldrealizefromeventhemostinadequatereadingofthisbookhowboundupwiththecontinentithasinfactalwaysbeen.The17thand18thcenturiesinEuropewere,aboveall,aperiodofwar.Indeed,itseemedattimesasifFranceandAustria,theleadingmartialpowersin1648,didlittleelsebutfight.Sometimeswarhelpedtostimulateeconomicandcommercialdevelopment.ButitisstrikingthatitfelltoBritain,whichenjoyedatleastafewyearsofpeace,topioneerEurope'sindustrialization.Thebookisstrongeronthe18thcenturythanonthesecondhalfofthe17th,reflectingtheauthor'sownhistoricalbias.Anotherweaknessisthat,thoughthereisareasonablebibliography,ithasnofootnotescitingsources,ascandalousomissioninaworkwithseriousacademicpretensions.Italsosometimestakesforgrantedabasicgroundinginthehistoryoftheperiod,whichmaybeproblematicforstudentsatwhomitispresumablyinpartaimed.ButoverallMr.Blanninghasproducedatriumphantsuccess.11、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope?A、Somepartsaregood,whileothersnot.B、Itisaneight-volumehistoricalseries.C、Itisnotasuccessfulhistoricalseries.D、Itbecomeslessfamousastimegoesby.标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题。根据theoldFontanaHistoryofEurope定位到第一段。其中讲到该书质量参差不齐(uneveninquality)，编写时间间隔过长也使书籍受影响，A项与文中内容相符。12、Inthesecondvolume,TimBlanningwrotetheHistoryofEurope_____.A、inatraditionalwayB、inanunconventionalwayC、inaseparatewayD、inafunnyway标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。根据TimBlanning定位到第二段。第一段最后说，从刚出版的第二册就可以看出这套书将大获成功。第二段自然就是对新版《欧洲史》已经出的书的介绍。根据inplaceoftheusualrecitationof…(不同于常规的……)可以看出，第二册《欧洲史》是TimBlanning用不同于常规的方式写的.因此B正确。13、FranceandAustriaarementionedinParagraph4toshowthat_____.A、theyweretheleadingEuropeanmilitarypowersinthe17thcenturyB、warbetweenthesetwocountriesfailedtospureconomicandcommercialdevelopmentC、warwasquiteacommonthinginthe17thand18thcenturiesinEuropeD、thewarbetweenthemmadethemlagbehindEnglandindevelopment标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。答案一般在举例的前后句中。第四段举France和Austria这两个当时的军事大国不时打仗的例子是为了证明它前面的那句话——欧洲的17、18世纪是战争的世纪，故选C项。14、TheauthorthinksMr.Blanning’sworkisflawedbecause_____.A、itisethnicallybiasedB、itisuneveninqualityC、itlacksbibliographyD、itomitsthefootnotes标准答案：D知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据flawed“有缺陷的”一词定位到末段，对应的单词为weakness。末段提到两点缺陷：一个是author’sownhistoricalbias，另一个是nofootnotes。D项表示“遗漏了脚注”与原文意思一致，故选D。15、WecanlearnfromthetextthatthesecondvolumeofthePenguinHistoryofEurope_____.A、isthebestbookonoverallEuropeanhistoryB、overtlycriticizedBritishEuroscepticismC、exploredtheEuropeanhistoryseparatelyD、isanoverallsuccessdespitecertainflaws标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。最后一段中作者客观地指出企鹅出版社新出的《欧洲史》尽管有缺陷，但总的来说是成功的，D项与之相符。Howlongyoulivehasalottodowithyourenvironmentandlifestyle,butexceptionallongevitymayhaveevenmoretodowithyourgenes.Forthefirsttime,researchershaveidentifiedageneticrecipethataccuratelypredictswhomayliveto100andbeyond.ScientistsledbyDr.ThomasPerlsattheBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicineconductedageneticanalysisofmorethan1,000centenariansandtheirmatchedcontrolsandfound150geneticvariants—orbitsofDNA—thatdifferedbetweenthetwogroups.Thesevariantsidentifiedpeoplewholivedtoaveryoldage(past100)with77%accuracy,researchersfound.Furtheranalysisidentified19distinctgeneticprofilesassociatedwithextremelylonglife;90%ofparticipantswholivedto100possessedatleastoneofthesignaturegeneticclusters.Eachprofileappearedtoconferadifferenttendencytodevelopcommonage-relatedchronicdiseases,suchasheartdiseaseorbraindisorder."Werealizethisisacomplexgeneticpuzzle,"Perlssaid."We'requiteawaysawaystillinunderstandinghowtheintegrationofthesegenes—notjustwiththemselvesbutwithenvironmentalfactors—areplayingaroleinthislongevitypuzzle."Perlshasstudiedmanyfactorsthatcontributetolongevity,andheisthefirsttoacknowledgethatlivinglongerisn'tlikelytobesimplyamatterofgenes.Hispreviousworkhasshown,forexample,thatamongmostelderlypeoplewholiveintotheir70sand80s,about70%oftheirlongevitycanbeascribedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchasnotsmoking;eatingahealthy,low-fat,low-caloriediet;andremainingsociallyengagedandintellectuallyactivethroughoutlife.Still,itseemsclearthatthosewholivetoanexceptionallyripeoldagearebenefitingfromaspecialDNAboost.Infact,Perlsbelievesthattheolderapersongets,themorelikelyitisthathisorhergenesarecontributingtothoseextendedyears.Hiscurrentgeneticfindingssupportthattheory:the19mostcommongeneticprofilesthatdistinguishedtheexceptionallylong-livedappeartobecorrelatedwithlowerincidenceofcertaindiseases.Forexample,someprofileswereassociatedwithlowerratesofhighbloodpressureanddiabetes,whileanotherwaslinkedtoareducedriskofbraindisorder.Althoughmostofuscan'texpecttobecomecentenarians,Perlsishopingthathisworkwillleadtobetterways—perhapsthroughpharmaceuticalinterventionsbasedonthegeneticcluestolongevity—tohelpmoreofuslivelikethem.16、Byanalysingthegenesofcentenarians,scientistsfoundthat_____.A、environmentandlifestylecontributemuchtolongevityB、centenarians’genesarethesameasotherpeopleC、manygeneticvariantsmayidentifycentenariansD、19geneticprofilesofcentenariansaredifferentfromothers标准答案：C知识点解析：细节理解题。第一段第四句讲到，科学家发现某些基因变异体能够在某种程度上鉴别特别长寿者，故C项与之相符。17、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A、Chronicdiseasesarecomplexgeneticpuzzlestoscientists.B、Howexceptionallongevity-relatedgenesfunctionisknown.C、Mostcentenarianshaveexceptionallongevity-relatedgenes.D、Theintegrationofgenesandenvironmentalfactorsisimportant.标准答案：C知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分提到，90%的特别长寿者都至少拥有一种与长寿有关的标志基因图谱.可见C项与之最为贴近。18、Perlsmaymostlikelyagreethat_____.A、mostextremelylong-livedbenefitfromnotsmokingB、environmentalfactorsplayanimportantroleinlongevityC、longevityisonlyassociatedwithcertaingeneticprofilesD、intellectuallyactivehasnothingtodowithlivinganoldage标准答案：B知识点解析：观点态度题。第三段第二句表示，Peris的前期研究表明长寿秘诀中有70%可归功于环境因素。换句话说，长寿与环境因素关系很大，B项正确。19、ByreferringtocurrentgeneticfindingsofPerls,theauthorintendsto_____.A、supporttheideathatextremelylongevityareascribedtogenesB、showsomegenesareassociatedwithlowerratesofcertaindiseasesC、supporttheideathatcommongenesarerelatedtoextremelylongevityD、discusstherelationshipbetweengenesandcertaindiseases标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段第一、二句都表明一个观点：特别长寿主要归因于基因的作用，第三、四句随后又用例子加以论证，可见作者是支持这一想法的，故选A项。20、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A、Genes,theSecretofLongevityB、EnvironmentandGenesC、LifestyleandGenesD、GenesMayPredictWhoLivesto100标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨大意题。从开头、最后以及全文讨论内容可以推断出本文的主旨在于陈述“基因对人类长寿的影响”，四个选项中，D项与之最为贴切，故为答案。How'sthisforacoincidence?CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthesameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemintandem,yetinstinctively,wewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It'snotjustbecausetheywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentobeexactcontemporaries.Rather,it'sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachtouchedoffarevolutionthatchangedtheworld.Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenupendedrealitiesthatprevailedwhentheywereborn.Theyseem—andsound—modemtous,becausetheworldtheyleftbehindthemismoreorlesstheonewestilllivein.So,consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributions—andthecoincidenceoftheirconjoinedbirthdays—itishardnottowonder:whowasthegreaterman?It'sanapples-and-oranges—orSuperman-vs.-Santa—comparison.Butifyoulimitthequestiontoinfluence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln'sfavor.Asgreatashisbookonevolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriedtopublishTheOriginofSpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescoopedbyhisfellownaturalistAlfredRusselWallace.Inotherwords,therewasacertaininevitabilitytoDarwin'stheory.Ideasaboutevolutionsurfacedthroughoutthefirstpartofthe19thcentury,andwhilenoneofthemwasasconvincingasDarwin's—untilWallacecamealong—itwasnotasthoughhewastheonlymanwhohadtheidea.Lincoln,incontrast,isunique.Takehimoutofthepicture,andthereisnotellingwhatmighthavehappenedtothecountry.True,hiselectiontothepresidencydidprovokesecessionand,inturn,thewaritself,butthatwarseemsinevitable—notaquestionofifbutwhen.Onceinoffice,hebecomestheindispensableman.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedoncehewasassassinated:Reconstructionwasadministeredpunitivelyandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueofracialequalitytodangleforanothercentury.IfDarwinwerenotsoirreplaceableasLincoln,thatshouldnotnegatehisaccomplishment.Noonecouldhaveformulatedhistheoryanymoreelegantly.Theiridenticalbirthdaysaffordusasuperbopportunitytoobservethesemeninthesharedcontextoftheirtime—howeachwasshapedbyhiscircumstances,howeachreactedtothebeliefsthatsteeredtheworldintowhichhewasbornandultimatelyhoweachreshapedhiscornerofthatworldandleftitirrevocablychanged.21、CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogetherinthat_____.A、theywerebornonthesamedayB、theylivedinthesameperiodoftimeC、theybroughtuprevolutionstotheworldD、theywereborntobesuccessfulmen标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据人名可定位到第一段。题干中的信号词inthat表明这是因果关系考点，应在原文中留意相应的词出现的语句。原文提到他们两位都引发了改变世界的革命，故选C项。22、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"anapples-and-oranges—orSuperman-vs.-Santa—comparison"(Para.2)?A、Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothoutstanding.B、ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolnismeaningless.C、ItisdifficulttocomparethemastheyareasfamousasSupermanorSanta.D、Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausebothofthemarewell-knowntous.标准答案：A知识点解析：推理判断题。根据题干要求定位在第二段。对句意的理解要结合具体语境。该段最后一句句首的But作为转折信号词往往提示重点信息的出现，此处讲的是：如果从影响力角度看则林肯占优势，故推断若不提出这种假设，则两者不分伯仲，选A项。23、AlfredRusselWallaceismentionedinordertoshow_____.A、Darwin’sTheOriginofSpecieswasabouttobescoopedB、Darwin’sevolutiontheorywasacceptedamongnaturalistsC、DarwinmightnotbetheonlyonewhohadtheideaofevolutionD、Darwin’sachievementwasfoundeduponnaturalresearches标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据人名AlfredRusselWallace定位到第三段。本题考查举这一例子是为了说明什么，这类题的答案一般出现在例子前后。此处作者举Wallace的例子是为了强调达尔文不是唯一一个提出进化理论的人，故选C项。24、Lincoln’scontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas_____.A、aggressiveB、ground-breakingC、dependableD、legitimate标准答案：B知识点解析：推理判断题。第四段主要论述了林肯的独一无二和必不可少，强调了如果没有他的存在，美国不知道会是什么样子。ground-breaking“具有开拓意义的”与原文传递的意思一致，故选B项。25、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?A、Lincoln’ssuccessinelectionhadmadethewarinevitable.B、Lincolnhadstrivedtoaddresstheracialproblems.C、Darwinwasnotuniquecomparedwithhiscontemporaries.D、Darwin’stheorycoincidedwithLincoln’sbeliefs.标准答案：B知识点解析：事实细节题。文中提到林肯执政时是不可或缺的人物，他遇刺身亡后种族平等问题又拖延了一个世纪才得以解决，从而可以合理推断林肯在世时曾致力于解决种族问题，故选B项。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Whenwefailtodemonstraterespectforourselvesweareindirectlyencouragingotherstodisrespectusaswell.Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration.Ifwedon'tvalueourselveswiththisesteemandwedisregardourselves,thenotherswillmostlikelyfollowsuit.Lackofselfrespectcandiscreditanindividualandotherscansenseit.Thisalsoholdstrueforhowwetreatothers.Ifyouhavenorespectorlackofitforyourself,thenitcanbedifficulttoimplementandunderstandtheimportanceofrespectingothers.Respectshouldnothavetobeearned.Itshouldbegivenoutofsimplekindnessandhumannature.Unfortunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday'ssociety.Overall,peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanotherandevensadder,theydon'tseemtocaremuchaboutthemselves.Sometimeswemustteachorshowpeoplehowtotreatusbyemulatingit.Thiscanbedoneordisplayedinthewayweholdourselves.Forinstance,showingrespectforourselvescanbeintheformofhowyouspeakandact.Whenyouhaveselfrespect,youtendtohaveahighvalueofyourselfanditshowsinyourbehavior.Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,"IamworthyandIamadecentperson."Lackofrespectisalsoevidentinthewayyouspeak.Youmayrefertoyourselforothersnegativelyandmayactordothingsthataredemeaningtoyourselfandthem.Disrespectdirectlystates,"Idon'tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings."Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad.Whenyouexhibitselfrespect,youwillnotunderanycircumstancesstickaroundtoalloworencourageotherstotreatyouinadisrespectfulmanner.Theywillquicklylearnthatyoudonottoleratethattypeoftreatment.Youwillalsobemorelikelytoshowrespecttootherindividualsbecauseyourealizethattheyarejustasworthyofitasyouare.Eventhemostunpleasant,disrespectfulpersoncanlearnbyexample.Beingtreatedwithdignityandrespectpromotesfeelingsofgoodwillandbeneficence.Asmuchdiscontentanddisregardasthereisintheworldtoday,Istillliketobelievethatmostpeoplearegenerallygood,kindandcaring.Whiletheymaynotbethemajority,theyaretheexceptionandifweeachstartwithourselvesitwillbemucheasiertopayitforward.1、Ifyoulackselfrespect,otherswill______.A、mostlikelyshowdisrespectforyouB、havenoconfidenceinyourabilitiesC、followyouanddisrespectthemselvesD、useeverymeanstotakeadvantageofyou标准答案：A知识点解析：根据第一段中的“If…wedisregardourselves，thenotherswillmostlikelyfollowsuit”，如果你不尊重自己，别人也会不尊重你，A应为答案。2、Accordingtothetext,respectdenotes______.A、aconductinaccordwithaspecificethicB、aspecificfeelingofregardforothersC、anattitudeofadmiration,oresteemD、asenseofthevalueofsomething标准答案：C知识点解析：根据第一段中的“Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration”可知，“respect”指的是对人关心和尊敬的态度。所以，C应为答案。3、Itisregrettablethatrespectis______.A、somethingwhichhastobeearnedB、replacedbycompassionandempathyC、takenlightlybymanypeopleatpresentD、whatfewpeopledeserveintoday’ssociety标准答案：C知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Unfortunately，compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday’ssociety．Overall，peopledon’tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanother…”可知，如今人们似乎彼此缺乏尊重，令人遗憾。所以，C应为答案。4、Tocultivateselfrespect,youshould______.A、admityourerrorsandmistakesB、presentyourselfinadecentmannerC、showlessrespectforyoursuperiorsD、disciplinewhatyousayandwhatyoudo标准答案：B知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Whenyouhaveselfrespect，．．．itshowsinyourbehavior．Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers，‘IamworthyandIamadecentperson’”，B应为答案。5、Accordingtothetext,adisrespectfulperson______.A、showsanexaggeratedopinionofhisabilityB、ignoresother’sgoodwillandbeneficenceC、maybeasgood,kindandcaringasothersD、deservesbeingtreatedwithoutcourtesy标准答案：D知识点解析：根据第三段前两句“Disrespectdirectlystates，‘Idon’tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings．’Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad”可知，你怎样对待别人，别人就怎样对待你。所以，D应为答案。ThereisaperfectsymmetryinwhatremainsofWilliamShakespeare:theimmensityofhisplaysandthelackofbiographicalinformationabouttheman.Fromacanonasrichashis,andadocumentaryrecordasmeagerashis,youcaninferalmostanything.Whenitcomestoprivacy,Shakespeareout-SalingersSalingerandout-PynchonsPynchon.Golookingfortheman,andyouwillfindonlythepersondoingthelooking.Thehungerformoreisalwaysthere,whichiswhyaportrait—apaintingofaverywell-dressedElizabethanman—takenfromtheprivatecollectionofanaristocraticAnglo-Irishfamily,theCobbes,hasdrawnsomuchattention.Physicalevidenceconfirmsthepainting'santiquity,anditsprovenancelinksittoShakespeare'sonlyliterarypatron.Butwhileprovenancemaybeagoodguidetoownership,itisaveryweedyindicatorofidentity.ThemostthatcanreallybesaidisthattheCobbeportrait,whichwasrevealedinLondonthisweek,wasprobablypaintedinShakespeare'slifetimeandthatitbearsalikenesstootherreputedShakespeareportraits—thatlengthynose,thoseside-glancingeyes,thehairlinebeginningitsretreatoverthebedrockofthatskull.ButgiventhestylizedconventionsofElizabethanportraiture,apolicedragnetinLondoncirca1610mighthaveturnedupmanydozensofmenwitharesemblancetothisimage.Whatwehave,asalwayswithShakespeare,isatrailthatleadsusbacktothep