2024年人教版中考英语专题复习之阅读理解技巧课件

中考英语阅读理解技巧引导中考英语专题复习Learninggoals1.Tolearnhowtofindkeywords2.Tolearnaboutthecommontestpoints3.Tograspsomeskillsofreadingandcomprehending一、考试要求《课标》对九年级毕业生在“读”的技能上要达到的目标提出了如下要求:(1)能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;(2)能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系:(3)能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局(4)能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;(5)能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;(6)能利用字典等工具书进行学习:(7)除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达15万词以上。二、考察能力A)部分考查内容包括几个重要的阅读技能;领悟文章的主旨;理解文章的具体细节;根据上下文推测生词词义;作出简单的判断和推理;理清指代关系:理解文章的脉络结构;揣测作者的意图和态度等。在选材上，阅读材料充分体现体裁和题材的多样性和丰富性。体裁涉及记叙文、说明文、议论文、科普文及各种应用文体，如广告、海报、地图、说明书、商品促销单、图表、书信等。题材反映人物、学习、生活、环保、科学、文化等各方面的内容。所选的大部分材料具有鲜明的时代性、思想性、教育性、实用性或趣味性。B)部分主要考查学生把握文章结构及根据上下文进行逻辑推理的能力。文章在选材上，体裁以记叙文、夹叙夹议的议论文或简单的说明文为主。题材主要反映人物、学习、生活、文化等方面的内容。所选的大部分材料具有鲜明的时代性、思想性、教育性、实用性或趣味性。文章内容贴近学生、贴近生活、贴近时代。考试说明题型特点解读分析江西近3年的中考真题可知，选择型阅读理解的考查特点主要有:1.文体方面:A篇为应用文，主要是广告宣传海报类文章，2022-2023年都是以海报形式考查，让学生抓取活动信息;B篇为记叙文，主要是人物传记、励志故事类文章;C篇以说明文为主，主要是介绍世界各地的风俗文化等，如2022年C篇介绍了印度尼西亚的一年各种庆祝活动;D篇为说明文，主要是科普类文章，如2023年D篇主要介绍人为什么打哈欠。2.话题方面:主要以介绍类、故事类、人文文化类、日常生活类、自然环境类及观点看法类为主。3.词数:A篇词数通常在90~180之间;B、C、D三篇词数通常在220~350之间，300词左右的居多。4.考点:(1)A篇阅读:3个小题(2道细节理解题、1道数字计算题/推理判断题)。(2)B、C、D三篇阅读:细节理解题(3~5道)、推理判断题(2~4道)、词义猜测题、代词指代题、篇章结构题、段落大意题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题(各1道)、顺序排列题。解题步骤和思路1.认真读题，理解题意。2.抓取题干关键词，原文定位3.读原文内容，理解文意4.分析对比选项5.排除错误选项，作出选择。解题技巧1.根据题干关键词定位，寻找直接答案。2.根据题意和文章内容，寻找间接答案。3.根据文章的细节，出处推断。4.根据作者的思想倾向和感情色彩判断观点态度5.根据上下文语境、定义、举例、反义词或反义关系以及构词法猜测词义6.根据前后文信息（一般都在前文）和代词单复数找出其所指代的内容7.根据首尾段内容，篇章结构，首尾主题呼应获取文章主旨8.根据核心高频词和主题句、段提炼标题9.根据文中的数据和信息关系进行简单计算10.对比选项，根据关键词定位和出现先后排序备考策略1.对于题干常见工具性词汇如title/mainidea/infer/structure等等必须过关，确保清晰理解题意。2.积累扩大词汇量，注重记忆质量。学会构成派生词合成词等构词法;注意一词多义、熟词生义的把握;注重逻辑连接词but/however/also/so等的用法和考查形式。3.精读和泛读相结合。精读的目的是明确每个单词的确切含义及其语言功能，掌握全文，理解文本的布局，熟悉作者的语言结构。通过精读反过来促进词汇记忆和应用，同时又能达到学习他人的写作目的。泛读的目的是坚持每天读一点，旨在扩大自己的视野，提高英美文化背景知识。扩大知识面有助于提高阅读理解能力，从而不断丰富自己处理语言现象的能力。4.掌握阅读速度，加强阅读理解精读多做限时阅读训练，运用“意群理解”的阅读方法，可以采用略读、跳读、扫读、回读等快捷方法，在最短的时间内找到关键词、主题句、作者意图等重要信息。In2007,BarringtonIrvingbecametheyoungestpersontoflyalonearoundtheworld.Hewasjust23yearsold—andhebuilttheplanehimself.Howdidheachievethis?Irving'sinterestinflyingstartedwhenhewas15.Hewasworkinginhisparents’bookstoreinMiami,Florida.Oneofthecustomerswasapilot,GaryRobinson.Oneday,RobinsonaskedIrvingifhewasinterestedinflying.Irvingdidn'tthinkhewassmart

enough.Butthenextday,RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport.HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit(驾驶舱)ofaBoeing777.ThatexperiencechangedIrving’slife.Irvingreallywantedtofly,butflightschoolwasexpensive.Toachievehisdream,heworkeddifferentjobs.Hewashedairplanesandcleanedswimmingpools.Athome,hepracticedflyingonavideogame.Intheend,hegotenoughmoneyforflightschool.Atflightschool,Irvingachievedhisdreamoflearninghowtofly.Buthewasn’tfinished.Next,heplannedtobuildhisownplaneandflyalonearoundtheworld.Buildingtheplanewasdifficult.Irvingaskedmorethan50companiesforairplaneparts.Mostsaidno,buthepersisted(顽强地坚持)inasking.Threeyearslater,hehadpartsworth$300,000.Columbia,anairplanecompany,agreedtobuildaplaneusingtheparts.Soon,hisairplanewasreadytofly.OnMarch23,2007,Irvingbeganhisround-the-worldtrip.After97days—with145hoursintheair—helandedbackinMiami.Acheeringcrowdofpeoplewastheretowelcomehim.Irvingsawmanyyoungpeopleinthecrowd,andthishadapowerfuleffect(影响)onhim.Hewantedtousehisexperiencetohelpotheryoungpeopleachievetheirowndreams.“EveryonetoldmewhatI

couldn’tdo,”

saysIrving.“TheysaidIwastooyoung,thatIdidn’thaveenoughmoney.Butevenifnoonebelievesinyourdream,”

hesays,“youhavetopursue(追求)it.”真题感知64.WhywasGaryRobinsonimportantinIrving'slife?A.HegotIrvinginterestedinflying. B.HesentIrvingtoaflightschool.C.HehelpedIrvingbuildaplane. D.HetaughtIrvinghowtofly.65.PuttheeventsaboutIrvinginthecorrectorder.a.Irvinggotthepartsforhisplane. b.Irvingflewaroundtheworld,c.IrvingmetGaryRobinson. d.Irvinglearnedtofly.A.c-d-a-b B.c-a-d-b C.b-c-a-d D.b-c-d-a66.WhatcanweknowaboutIrvingpersonalityaccordingtothepassage?A.Cleverandhonest. B.Humorousandresponsible.C.Politeandpowerful. D.Hard-workingandpersistent.67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A,BecomingaPilot. B.LifeinFlightSchool.C.AchievingaDream. D.BuildingYourOwnPlane.真题分析【分析】本文通过

Irving完成了独自飞行环游世界的梦想，来告诉我们，有了梦想就要努力去追求它，并实现它．【解答】64.A．细节理解题．根据Butthenextday，RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport．HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit（驾驶舱）ofaBoeing777．ThatexperiencechangedIrving'slife．可知，Robinson带Irving去了飞机场，向他展示驾驶舱的结构，这个经历让Irving开始对飞行开始感兴趣．故选A．65.A．细节排序题．根据第二段Butthenextday，RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport．HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit（驾驶舱）ofaBoeing777．ThatexperiencechangedIrving'slife，可知，Irving遇见了Robinson，他带Irving参观飞机的驾驶舱，所以c排在第一位．根据第四段Atflightschool，Irvingachievedhisdreamoflearninghowtofly，可知，在飞行学校，他学习了如何去飞，所以d排在第二位．根据第五段hehadpartsworth$300，000．Columbia，anairplanecompany，agreedtobuildaplaneusingtheparts，可知，他得到了价值30万美元的零件，所以a排在第三位．根据第六段OnMarch23，2007，Irvingbeganhisround﹣the﹣worldtrip，可知，他开始他环游世界飞行，所以b排在排在最后一位．故正确的排序是c﹣d﹣a﹣b．故选A．66.D．推理判断题．根据Irvingreallywantedtofly，butflightschoolwasexpensive．Toachievehisdream，heworkeddifferentjobs．Hewashedairplanesandcleanedswimmingpools．Athome，hepracticedflyingonavideogame．Intheend，hegotenoughmoneyforflightschool，可知，Irving想去飞行学校，所以为了达到梦想，他做了各种各样的工作，最后攒够了学费，由此可见他是很努力的．根据Buildingtheplanewasdifficult．Irvingaskedmorethan50companiesforairplaneparts．Mostsaidno，buthepersisted（顽强地坚持）inasking，可知，建造一架飞机很难，Irving向50多个公司寻求飞机零件，大部分都说不可以，但是他仍然顽强地坚持，最后成功地得到了，由此可见，他是坚持不懈的．故选D．67.C．标题归纳题．根据"EveryonetoldmewhatIcouldn'tdo，"saysIrving．"TheysaidIwastooyoung，thatIdidn'thaveenoughmoney．Butevenifnoonebelievesinyourdream，"hesays，"youhavetopursue（追求）it．"可知，本文主要讲述了Irving通过自己坚持不懈的努力，最终实现了自己的梦想，所以最适合的标题是"AchievingaDream"．故选C．ABrightIdea

EvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomeworkbythe

lightofakerosenelamp(煤油灯).

Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.Itwascommoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschoolforthisreason...sothey

remainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.

Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.He

continuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythistime,herealizeditwasnotjustbadfor

schoolchildrenbutforthewholefamily.First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelight

canhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshave

lessmoneyforfood.Itwasdifficulttocomeupwithadifferentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.YetEvansdidnotgiveup.

Oneday,hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar(太阳能的)light.Sunlightisfreeandsolar

powerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.Hebegantobuild

morelampsandsentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovidedmoneyfor

himtobuildmoresolarlamps.

Eachlamponlycost$20.However,thiswasalotofmoneytomanyvillagers,whoonlyearned

around$34aweek,soEvansmadesurehekeptthecostdown.First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.

Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,

sothelampswereusuallyfree.

Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,“ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.”Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.Practice58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Leavingschool.

B.Doinghomework.C.Havingeyeproblems.

D.Havingabrightidea.59.HowmanyproblemsaboutkerosenelampsarementionedaccordingtoParagraph2?A.6.

B.5.

C.4.

D.3.60.Putthefollowinginformationintocorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Evanswenttoauniversity.b.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.c.Hisfirstsolarlampwasinvented.d.KerosenelampshurtEvans’eyes.e.Recycledmaterialswereusedinthelamps.f.Peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoney.A.d-a-c-e-f-b

B.d-f-b-a-e-c

C.a-d-f-e-c-b

D.a-e-c-d-f-b61.WhydoesthewritergiveJulia’sexampleinParagraph5?A.ToshareJulia’sexperience.

B.ToshowEvans’influence.C.TodescribeEvans’feelings.

D.TointroduceEvans’invention.62.WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?A.Polite,talentedandhumorous.

B.Quiet,smartandhonest.C.Humorous,cleverandfriendly.

D.Hard-working,lovingandcreative.CCABDSummary

读分精泛，快慢相间;预想在先，生词不看;抓住观点，重点三看;行云流水，字里行间;材料观点，铭记心间;牢记问题，抓住关键;回问查看，比较选项;选择答案，排除在先;先易后难，不可弄反;调整节奏，计时答完;表达方式，必须牢记;防止遗忘，勤于动笔;边答边查，防止题落;节省时间，避免遗憾。HomeworkWhyistheseasalt?

Longbeforewediscoveredscientificwaysofthinkingaboutit,

we

explaineditinastory.

Eventhoughtheanswerisn'tscientific,

itholdssomeothertruthinit—especiallyaboutthehumanheart.Longago,

apooroldcouplelivedonthecoast.

Oneday,

anoldstorytellercametotheirvillage.Theoldcouplegavehimameal.

Inreturn,hegavethemacoffeemill

(磨粉机)

andsaid,“Say,‘Mill,pleasegrind

(磨粉)’,”

andit’llmakewhateveryouwant,tostopit,say

‘Mil,pleasecease

(停止)

grinding’.”Soontheoldcouplehadamuchbetterlife.

They'dbeenhappypeople,

andtheydidn'tneed

muchmore.

Buttheyoungcouplenextdoorwereneversatisfied.

Whentheysawtheoldcouple

wearinggoodclothesandbuyinggoodfood,

theyburntwithenvy(羡慕).Sooneday,

theyoung

husbandwenttotheoldcouple'shousesecretlyandheard,

"Mill,

pleasegrindhotchocolate!"

Hewassurprisedtoseeitcomingout.Thentheyoungcouplestolethemillfromtheoldcouple.

Withit,

theyrodeahorseandsetoff

downthecoast,wherenoonewouldknowthem.Alongtheway,thehusbandshowedproudlyandasked,“Whatdoyouwantittomake?”

“Oh，I

don’tknow.

Whynotsalt?”

thewifesaid.

“Mill,pleasegrindsalt!”

hesaid.

“Itworks!”

thewifeshouted.

Butthentheynoticedthesaltwenteverywhere.

“Makeitstop,”

thewifesaid.

Buttheh