Unit1ThemassmediaGrammarUsage课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

ReadtheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzeronpage6toknowmoreabouthim.Whostartedthefirstschoolofjournalism?Lead

inExploringtherulesHemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizen.HeofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.TheColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.JosephPulitzerwasborn.Hebecameapublisher.PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.Pulitzerdied.ThefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.10April,18471878188318921917PulitzerfoundedStLouisPost-Dispatch.The1860s187219111912ReadthelifestoryonPage6,andfinishthetimeline.…bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch...1.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw-bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.2....bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.3.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheSt

LouisPost-Dispatch…beforehadWorkingouttherulesWeoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened________(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis________(hane/haddone)

nowpastpastperfectPastperfecttense：过去完成时过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。①ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。②Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他说他在国外待了3年了。肯定式为__________________；否定式为__________________；被动式为__________________。①She

said

she

had

never

been

to

Paris.

她说她从未去过巴黎。②TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyusbeforelastFriday.

我们在上星期五前就完成了这项工作。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendone过去完成时的基本结构过去完成时的基本用法1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。①Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。②BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.

我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.

到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.

我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.

我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。(1)

It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.这是我第一次参观长城。(2)Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他参军三年了。过去完成时用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和Nosooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。①

Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigofficewhen

thetelephonerang.

他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。

②

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthan

hewasaskedtoleaveagain.

他刚到就再次被要求离开。①

John(had)left

beforeIcamehome.

约翰在我回家之前就走了。②Hebegantowriteareviewafterhe(had)watchedthefilmtwice.

这部电影他看了两遍后就开始写评论。由于after和before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，若主从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主从句均使用一般过去时。如果时间状语由before

引导，从句用一般过去时；如果时间状语由after引导，after引导的从句用过去完成时。1.定义:过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。2.结构:肯定：

否定：

3.用于过去完成时的时间状语:bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。4.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want等后接从句时,表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。5.常用固定句型①It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that从句②Itwas+一段时间+since从句③Hardly/Scarcely…when…④Nosooner…than…haddone/hadbeendonehadnotdone/hadnotbeendoneAFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Bythetime,Tom_____________(found)hisownbusiness.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He

_____________(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.Thetrain__________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.4.I______________(learn)EnglishforsevenyearswhenIgraduatedfromhighschool.5.Shesaidshe_________(see)theheadmasteralready.hadfoundedhadlefthadlearnedhasappearedhadseenApplyingtherules1.PulitzerknewthathehadlearntverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.2.Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours.3.Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeasuccessfuljournalistandpublisher.4.Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931.Circlethemistakesandcorrect