高考英语二轮复习阅读理解分析讲解课件（77张）

阅读理解解题技巧★《考试大纲》要求1、理解主旨和要义；2、理解文中具体信息；3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4、做出简单判断和推理；5、理解文章的基本结构；6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。推理判断题主旨大意题细节理解题词义猜测题细节理解题

1.直接细节题属于低层次的题，答案直接在文中能找到，常见的用who,what,when,where,why,how等提问。2.语义转换题选项中不会出现原文中直接答案，而是借助同义词转换，概念解析，归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变化来完成答题任务。3.信息理解题这类信息主要用于应用文（广告，公告，海报，车船航班时间表等）类阅读理解题中考察。常常对文中某一方面进行提问，完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读材料。快速寻找信息。4.细节排序题试题根据考生动作的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生，发展的正确顺序。运用首尾定位法，即先找出首先发生的事，再找出最后放生的事，迅速缩小范围，从而快速得出答案。一、设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/notmentioned?2.Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.4.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept..?5.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof..?6.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?二、如何做细节理解题1)题干定位法:采取“点击式阅读”

找出关键词2)扫读法:迅速扫读相关词汇，然后寻出相关词汇的同义或反义表达。3)首尾定位法(排序题):找出第一件事和最后一件事。读寻思定Sample1ApprovedandProhibitedItemsThefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential(住宿的)rooms:electricblankets,hairdryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.36.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.WirelessroutersandradiosC.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.

语义转换细节题：approve同义词allowDSample2AccesstoResidentialRoomsStudentsareprovidedwithacombination(组合密码)fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshareyourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.37.Whatifastudentisfoundtohavetoldhiscombinationtoothers?A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged. B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock. D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.

told…to…→share…with…ASample3CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.38.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.

A题目无法定位时，利用选项定位Sample4QuietHoursResidentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUniversity.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11:00pmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1:00amto8:00am.Studentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.40.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?A.7:00am,Sunday. B.7:30am,Thursday.C.11:30pm,Monday. D.00:30am,Saturday.

D利用特殊语言现象定位主旨大意题

考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。一、设题方式1)主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的类主旨大意题Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)标题类主旨大意题Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…二、如何做主旨大意题1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意

读尾句抓大意

读首尾段抓大意3.)无明显主题句时高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。①标题法②首尾法③主题词法Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主题句在段首

一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

设计Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。

2)

关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,

conclusion,

inaword”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。

3)

如果主题句含有show,indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。

主题句在短文中间

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

(5)从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词

●Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.Apractice2.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地区)oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter……ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle3

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..词义猜测题

要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能根据上下文推断生词的词义一、设题方式词义猜测题常用的提问方式有1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans

/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean

______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”

standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......二、如何做词义猜测型题1)构词法Wordformation1.派生词、复合词、词性变化2.英语各种前缀与后缀2)语境法Contextclues1.定义描述2.同义反义3.因果关系4.举例归纳5.生活常识6.上下推断①见形辨义②望文生义1.(05重庆卷)1.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.2.It’struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.3.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

（合成形容词）（词性变化）（派生法,复合法，转化法）（词的派生）1)构词法Wordformationsuperman

microwave(超人)nonnatural

mispronounce(非自然的)

homeless

nonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuild

eastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)1)构词法Wordformation中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)

Sample1Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的Ex.1

1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

2.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.替代丰满的2)语境法Contextclues1.定义描述定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is,becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示；或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderly(有秩序的)way.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

混乱天生的2)语境法Contextclues2.同义反义由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,onthecontrary

◎

Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

混浊的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.复制品精明的

修剪2)语境法Contextclues3.因果关系常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。1.Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveovenect.2.Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.家电民俗2)语境法Contextclues4.举例归纳常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。EX.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻药波纹膨胀冷缩2)语境法Contextclues5.生活常识根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了Janeisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即时的adv.准时地2)语境法Contextclues6.上下推断所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。Passage1

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage4

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage5

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDHowtoguessthemeaningofwords?推理判断题推理判断型考察要领考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力,根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调等。考察类型一般分为四种：细节推理题；写作意图题；文章来源或读者对象题；作者态度倾向题1“暗示”/“支持”/“总结”B就近原则

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause_______.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate

(2018·江苏卷D篇)

A路标词原则2“找到”/“来自”/“拿出”B考查出处的选项中可能出现的词汇:advertisement广告newspaper报纸poster海报diary日记letter信件magazine杂志guidebook指南storybook故事书sciencebook科学书brochure小册子3“目的”/“想要告诉”/“展示”B中心词原则4“态度”/“作者认为”Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.B情感词原则表示作者态度的词汇一肯定positiveadj.肯定的,实际的,积极的,,确实的favorableadj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的,良好的approvaln.赞成,承认,正式批准enthusiasmn.狂热,热心,积极性supportiveadj.支持的，支援的defensive为……而辩护二否定neg