湖北省腾云联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期8月联考英语试卷（解析版）

湖北省“腾·云”联盟2024—2025学年度上学期八月联考高三英语试卷考试时间：2024年8月13日上午8:00—10:00试卷满分：150分★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证亏条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Shefeelspuzzled.B.ShefeelsangryC.Shefeelsembarrassed.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.AboringTVseries.B.Awell-knownstar.C.Somegoodsongs.3.Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A.Takingpictures.B.Watchingmovies.C.Readingbooks.4.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Gotothegrocerystore.B.Doshoppingonline.C.VisittheInternetcafe.5.Whatisthemaninchargeof?A.Organizingthemeeting.B.Sendinganemail.C.Visitingsomeclients.听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。6.Howwilltheclubgetthesupplies?A.Themanwillsupplythem.B.Thecollegewillprovidethem.C.Thememberswillbringtheirown.7.Whathasthemanbegundoing?A.Contactingpeople.B.Designingawebsite.C.Practisingtechniques.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shemaybreakherlegs.B.Shehastoruntenkilometers.C.Sheneverrunsaracebefore.9.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturday?A.Relaxherbody.B.Practiceonthetrack.C.Makepreparationsinagym.听第8段材料，回答第10至13小题。10.Howmanyemployeeswillbefired?A.About50.B.About300.C.About350.11.Wherewilltheman’snewstaffcomefrom?A.Australia.B.America.C.China.12.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanwillbefired.B.Themanwilltakeoverthewomancompany.C.Thewomanwillworkintheman’scompany.13.Howcanwedescribethewoman?A.Considerate.B.Practical.C.Ambitious.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdidthespeakers’motherdothismorning?AShewroteanote.B.Shecalledherfather.C.Shecookedbreakfast.15.Whatisthewoman?A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Astoreowner.16.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Takeoutthegarbage.B.Cleanthefloor.C.Dothelaundry.17.Howwillthespeakersgotothemarket?A.Onfoot.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whowillbenefitfromthemobilewoodshop!A.Teensandyoungadults.B.Laid-offworkers.C.Children.19.WhatisthegoalofthemobilewoodshopaccordingtoMargery?A.Tohelppeoplekilltime.B.Tohelppeoplefindjobs.C.Tohelppeopledevelopinterests.20.WhydidRyantaketheclass?A.Tolearnnewskills.B.Togetacertificate.C.Toimprovehisskills.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMyrtleBeachDolphinCruise(乘船游览)&DolphinToursMyrtleBeachisoneofthemostbreathtakinglybeautifulplacestovisit,andthereisnobetterwaytohaveamemorabletimeintheareathanbytakingaMyrtleBeachDolphinTour.ReserveyourspotonthegorgeousNewInletPrincess,amagnificentvesselthatcreatessomeofthebestfuninMyrtleBeach!EmbarkuponthisMyrtleBeachdolphinsightseeingcruisetoexperiencethewondersofMurrellsInlet.Keepyoureyesopenforstunningdolphinsintheirnaturalhabitatsandotherwildlifeasyousailalongitswaters.ThisattractivetouristoppedoffwithamemorablesunsetforsomeofthebestfunthatMyrtleBeachhastooffer.AbouttheDolphinGuaranteeThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.Details:·UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）·AppropriateforAllAges·HandicapAccessible·RestaurantOn-site·KidFriendlyDolphinCruise-KidsLoveThisCruise!·Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.·TwoBathroomsOnBoard·WhattoBring:Camera/Phoneforgreatphotos,cashforshacksanddrinksavailableonboard.·Cruiselastsapproximately75minutes.1.Ifyoudon’tseedolphinsonyourcruise,whatcanyoudoinaweek?A.Getafullrefundfortheirtickets. B.Purchaseanothercruiseticketonline.C.Contactthemforanothercruiseticket. D.Complaintothelocaltourismauthority.2.Whatistheuniqueonlineofferforthisdolphincruise?A.Buy1get1freeforalltickets.B.50%offifreservingticketsinadvance.C.Buy1get1freeifbookingticketsonline.D.Freeticketsforallchildrenandthedisabled.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthedetails?A.Thepriceofthecruiseisveryhigh.B.Therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresontheboat.C.Thedolphincruiseisonlypopularamonglocalpeople.D.Thecruiseprovidescomfortableandenjoyableexperiences.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章通过描述MyrtleBeach的美景和DolphinCruise的优点来吸引游客。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“AbouttheDolphinGuarantee”部分的“ThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.(这次海豚巡游是唯一由VME保证支持的海豚巡游。如果您在巡游中没有看到海豚，请拨打1-800-987-9852联系我们，我们将为您提供另一次海豚巡游的票务，以便在首次巡游后的7天内参加)”可知，如果在游轮上没有看到海豚，可以在一周内联系他们获取另一张游轮票。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“Details”部分的“UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）(独一无二的在线优惠：买一送一（必须提前在线预订或拨打免费电话1-800-987-9852）)”可知，这个海豚游轮的独特在线优惠是在线预订一张票，免费获得另一张票。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章中“Details”部分的“Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.TwoBathroomsOnBoard(大船带有遮荫区，空调封闭甲板和大型露天日光浴甲板。船上有两个卫生间)”可知，这艘游轮有覆盖的阴凉区域、空调封闭甲板和大型开放式阳光甲板，还有两个卫生间，可以推断出游轮提供了舒适和愉快的体验。故选D项。BItwasverylateandeveryonehadleftthecaféexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.Thetwowaitersinsidethecaféknewthattheoldmanwasalittledrunk,andwhilehewasagoodclienttheyknewthatifhebecametoodrunkhewouldleavewithoutpaying,sotheykeptwatchonhim.“Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.“Why?”“Hewasindespair.”“Whatabout?”“Nothing.”“Howdoyouknowitwasnothing?”“Hehasplentyofmoney.”Theysattogetheratatablethatwascloseagainstthewallnearthedoorofthecaféandlookedattheterrace(露台)wherethetableswereallemptyexceptwheretheoldmansatintheshadowoftheleavesofthetreethatmovedslightlyinthewind.“Theguardwillpickhimup,”onewaitersaid.“Whatdoesitmatterifhegetswhathe’safter?”“Hehadbettergetoffthestreetnow.Theguardwillgethim.Theywentbyfiveminutesago.”Theoldmansittingintheshadowtappedhissaucerwithhisglass.Theyoungerwaiterwentovertohim.“Whatdoyouwant?”Theoldmanlookedathim.“Anotherbrandy,”hesaid.“You’llbedrunk,”thewaitersaid.Theoldmanlookedathim.Thewaiterwentaway.“He’llstayallnight,”hesaidtohiscolleague.“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.”Theyoungerwaitertookthebrandybottleandmarchedouttotheoldman’stable.“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek,”hesaidtothedeafman.Theoldmanmotionedwithhisfinger.“Alittlemore,”hesaid.Thewaiterpouredonintotheglass.“Thankyou,”theoldmansaid.Thewaitertookthebottlebackinsidethecafé.Hesatdownatthetablewithhiscolleagueagain.4.Whathappenedtotheoldman?A.Hewasinpovertyanddespair. B.Hewascaughtinalcoholproblem.C.Hehadlosthopeandattemptedsuicide. D.Hewasabandonedbyhisfamily.5.Whydidtheyoungerwaiterwanttoclosethecaféearly?A.Hewantedtosleep. B.Hehadanappointment.C.Hedidn’tliketheoldman. D.Hethoughttheoldmanisdrunk.6.Whatistheyoungerwaiter’sattitudetowardstheoldman?A.Sympathetic. B.Impatient.C.Respectful. D.Moderate.7Thewritingstyleinthisstoryischaracterizedby________.A.complexandambiguousplots B.spareandeconomicallanguageC.vividanddetaileddialogue D.frequentuseofsimiles【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自海明威的短篇小说AClean,Well-lightedPlace（《一个干净明亮的地方》），故事围绕一个孤独但富有的老人展开，咖啡店的两位侍者对他的行为好奇而困惑，谈论着他试图自杀的事情。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.(“上周他试图自杀，”一名服务员说。)”和第四段““Hewasindespair.”(“他很绝望。”)”可知，老人失去了希望，企图自杀。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中这位年轻服务员所说的话“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.(我现在困了。三点之前我从来没有睡过觉。)”可知，年轻侍者想早点打烊是因为他想睡觉。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中和最后一段中这位年轻侍者所说的话“Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.(他上周就该杀了自己)”、“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek(你上周就该杀了自己)”可知，年轻侍者两次提到希望老人自杀成功。由此可知，他对老人的态度是不耐烦的。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，比如第一段中“Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.(白天，街上满是灰尘，但到了晚上，露水把灰尘沉淀下来，老人喜欢坐到很晚，因为他是个聋人，现在晚上很安静，他感到了不同)”、第二至八段的简短对话可知，文章多使用简单直接的句子，对话直截了当，很少描述细节，叙事集中在人物的行为和对话上，没有过多的描述和修饰。因此，这个故事的写作风格特点是语言简洁。A.复杂而模糊的情节；B.简洁的语言；C.生动详细的对话；D.经常使用明喻。故选B项。CChildrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound.4-5-ycar-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileandthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”.ThenewstudyinthejournalBMCPublicHealthhasfoundasignificantgapinNotinEducation,EmploymentorTraining（NEET）outcomesbetweenthosewhowerereadyandunreadyforprimaryschool.Theresearchdrewondatafrommorethan8,000BradfordyoungpeoplewhoserecordsarelinkedaspartoftheConnectedBradfordproject.Theresearchfoundthat11%ofchildrenwhowerenotschoolreadywentontobeNEETat16-17,comparedtojust4%ofchildrenwhowereschoolready.LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.”Theresearchteam,whichalsoincludedacademicsfromLancasterUniversityandtheBradfordInstituteforHealthResearch,saythisshowsaclearneedforearlyinterventionbyschoolstoreducedisadvantageinlaterlife.ThisechoesthemessagefromaseriesofN8ChildoftheNorthandCentreforYoungLivesreportsontheneedtoputchildrenandyoungpeoplefirst.SeniorauthorDrAmyAtkinson,LecturerintheDepartmentofPsychologyatLancasterUniversitysaid:“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.”8.WhatdoestheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileprobablydo?A.Recordemploymentstatus. B.Monitorteenagers’progress.C.Evaluateprimaryschoolstudents. D.Assess4-5-year-olds’development.9.WhatdoesDrMatthewimplyaboutthecurrentsituationofschools?A.Theylackdataforearlyintervention. B.Theylackdatatoidentifyat-riskstudents.C.Earlyinterventionisrequired. D.Earlyinterventionhavebeendone.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthedataaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ItisrarelyusedinEngland. B.ItisnotenoughforidentifyingNEETyouth.C.ItisusedeffectivelyfortheNEETissue. D.ItcansolvetheissueofNEETyouth.11.Thepassageisstructuredinthefollowingway.A.Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-MakingsuggestionsB.Makingaclaim-Providingevidence-DrawingaconclusionC.Presentingaproblem-Analyzingthecauses-OfferingsolutionsD.Raisingaquestion-Discussingdifferentopinions-Reachinganagreement【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了儿童早期发展阶段评估与其青少年时期是否处于“不在教育、就业或培训”状态之间的关联。研究发现，那些在4-5岁时未达到良好发展水平的孩子，在16-17岁时成为NEET的可能性要高得多。该研究强调了早期干预的重要性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格兰的4-5岁的孩子通过早期基础阶段档案进行评估，那些达到“良好发展水平”的孩子被认为是“准备好上学”的)”可知，EarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile是用来评估4-5岁儿童的发展水平。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利兹大学心理学院的研究员马修·沃伯顿博士说：“这些发现告诉我们，对于儿童和年轻人来说，在青春期后期面临不利因素有明确的早期指标。由于学校常规收集这些数据，这项研究可以用来基于小学入学准备启动学校的早期干预。”)”可以推断出DrMatthew认为学校应该实施早期干预。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格兰数百万儿童和年轻人的早期基础阶段档案的数据很容易获得。这些信息可以也应该用来识别成为NEET风险增高的学生)”可以得知，这些数据可以解决NEET问题。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Childrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound(在4-5岁时发展落后的儿童，到了16-17岁时，几乎有三倍的可能性处于无教育、无就业或无培训的状态，对小学生数据的分析发现了这一点)”、第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格兰的4-5岁的孩子通过早期基础阶段档案进行评估，那些达到“良好发展水平”的孩子被认为是“准备好上学”的)”、第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利兹大学心理学院的研究员马修·沃伯顿博士说：“这些发现告诉我们，对于儿童和年轻人来说，在青春期后期面临不利因素有明确的早期指标。由于学校常规收集这些数据，这项研究可以用来基于小学入学准备启动学校的早期干预。”)”以及最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格兰数百万儿童和年轻人的早期基础阶段档案的数据很容易获得。这些信息可以也应该用来识别成为NEET风险增高的学生)”可知，文章首先介绍了研究发现（即儿童早期发展状况与后来是否成为NEET之间的关联），然后描述了相关研究的细节，最后提出建议（即利用现有数据进行早期干预）。因此，选项A“Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-Makingsuggestions(引入话题-描述相关研究-提出建议)”符合文章的结构。故选A项。DResearcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamystery—a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.Welloveracenturyafteritsdiscovery,researchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves—ripplesinspacetimecausedbymajoreventsintheuniversesuchastwoblackholescombining—tosuggestthattheAntikytheramechanismwaslikelyusedtotracktheGreeklunaryear.Inshort,it’safascinatingcollisionbetweenmodern-dayscienceandthemysteriesofanancientartifact.Ina2021paper,researchersfoundthatpreviouslydiscoveredandregularlyspacedholesina“calendarring”weremarkedtodescribethe“motionsofthesun,moon,andallfiveplanetsknowninancientGreeksandhowtheyweredisplayedatthefrontasanancientGreekuniverse.”Now,inanewstudypublishedintheOfficialJournaloftheBritishHorologicalInstitute,UniversityofGlasgowgravitationalwaveresearcherGrahamWoanandresearchassociateJosephBayleysuggestthattheringwaslikelyperforated(打孔)with354holes,whichhappenstobethenumberofdaysinalunaryear.Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch,alarge-scalephysicsexperimentdesignedtomeasureripplesinspacetimemillionsoflight-yearsfromEarthandBayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata,tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanismusingthepositionsofthesurvivingholesandtheplacementofthering’ssurvivingsixfragments.Surprisingly,theinspirationforthestudycamefromaYouTuberChrisBudiselic,whohasbeenattemptingtophysicallyrecreatetheancientmechanismandinvestigatingwaystodeterminejusthowmanyholesitcontained.“It’saneatsymmetrythatwe’veadaptedtechniquesweusetostudytheuniversetodaytounderstandmoreaboutamechanismthathelpedpeoplekeeptrackoftheheavensnearlytwomillenniaago,”Woansaid.“WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.12.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofthestatisticalmodelingtechniques?A.TostudytheAntikytheramechanism. B.Toinvestigateancientartifacts.C.TotracktheGreeklunaryear. D.Toanalyzegravitationalwaves.13.Howdidtheresearcherscalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism?A.ByusingstatisticalmodelsandBayesiananalysis.B.Byobservingthemechanismdirectly.C.ByaskingYouTuberChrisBudiselic.D.Byobservingthephysicalrecreationofthemechanism.14.Theunderlinedterm“Bayesiananalysis”inparagraph4refertoatechnique.A.torecreateanancientmechanism.B.tomeasureripplesinspacetime.C.tocalculateuncertaintybasedoninsufficientdata.D.tocalculatethepositionsofthesurvivingholes.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Modernsciencewasideallycombinedwithanancientartifact.B.TheAntikytheramechanismwasdiscoveredinashipwreck.C.ThemysteryoftheAntikytheramechanismremainsunsolved.D.GravitationalwaveresearchrevealedtheAntikytheramechanismt.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员利用引力波研究中的统计建模技术来研究古老的安提基特拉机械。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员表示，他们使用了统计建模技术，该技术最初是为分析引力波而设计的)”可知，统计建模技术的最初目的是分析引力波，故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch...andBayesiananalysis...tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism(该团队使用了源自引力波研究的统计模型和贝叶斯分析来计算该机械中可能的孔洞数量)”可知，研究人员通过使用统计模型和贝叶斯分析来计算机械中可能的孔洞数量，故选A项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词后句子“atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(一种基于不完整数据使用概率来量化不确定性的技术)”可知，“Bayesiananalysis”指的是一种基于不充分数据计算不确定性的技术，故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamystery---a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.(研究人员表示，他们利用尖端的引力波研究为一个谜团——在沉船中发现的有2000年历史的计算机，即安提基特拉机械——揭开了新的篇章。)”、第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员表示，他们使用了统计建模技术，该技术最初是为分析引力波而设计的)”、第四段“Bayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(贝叶斯分析，一种基于不完整数据使用概率来量化不确定性的技术)”以及最后一段““WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.(“我们希望我们对安提基特拉机械的发现，虽然不像印第安纳·琼斯的发现那样超自然壮观，但能帮助我们加深对这一非凡设备如何被希腊人制造和使用的理解。”Woan补充说。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了研究人员利用引力波研究来研究古老的安提基特拉机械，接着具体说明了研究过程和方法，所以文章的主要内容是引力波研究揭示了安提基特拉机械原理，故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LookbackafewhundredyearsandchillieswerenowheretobefoundinChina.UnlikeSichuanpeppers,whicharenativetotheregionandwidelyused,chillieswerebroughttoChinafromtheAmericasbyPortugueseandDutchexplorersonlyinthe16thcentury.____16____Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.____17____ThepeppersteadilyspreadtootherruralregionsofChina.____18____Foralongtime,“la”wasusedtodescribevicious-natured(性情恶毒的)people,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.ButtheCommunistrevolutionchangedthat.Thechefsofnobleswereoutoffavour,andtheirtraditionsdiscontinued.____19____Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.____20____Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.A.Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.B.However,Chillieswererarelygrowninitially.C.Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.D.Andthen,chilliesgainedagreatpopularity.E.Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.F.However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.G.Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.E20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了辣椒在中国的历史和发展。辣椒最初是从美洲传入中国的，起初只是作为观赏植物和草药，后来逐渐被用作调味品，并在中国各地广泛传播。【16题详解】根据下文“Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.(至少有50年的时间，辣椒被当作观赏植物种植，因其鲜艳的颜色和小白花而受到珍视，偶尔也被用作草药。)”可知，辣椒最初并不是作为食物被食用的，而是作为观赏植物和草药，这与A项“Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.(起初，没有人吃辣椒。)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。【17题详解】根据上文“DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.(在中国最后一个帝国时期，贵州省的农民开始将辣椒作为盐的替代品。)”可知，辣椒开始被用作调味品，这与C项“Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.(自此，一种新的味道被解锁。)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【18题详解】根据下文“Foralongtime,“la”wasusedtodescribevicious-naturedpeople,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.(很长一段时间里，“辣”被用来形容性情恶毒的人，而那些喜欢辣椒的人并没有提升他们的口味。)”可知，因为“辣”被用来形容性情恶毒的人，可推理出辣椒在上层阶级的餐桌上并不受欢迎，这与F项“However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.(然而，浓烈的味道使它无法接近上层家庭的餐桌。)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。【19题详解】根据下文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工业化创造了人类历史上最大规模的迁移。)”以及“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒现在被融入街头小吃、美食和零食中，在那些几乎没有辣味传统的地区也是如此。)”可知，越来越多地普通民众接触到了辣椒，这与E项“Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.(从那时起，辣椒成为了工人阶级的象征。)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。【20题详解】根据上文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工业化创造了人类历史上最大规模的迁移。)”以及下文“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒现在被融入街头小吃、美食和零食中，在那些几乎没有辣味传统的地区也是如此。)”可知，大量移民涌入大城市，带来了家乡的辛辣口味，这与G项“Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.(数百万移民涌入大城市，带来了家乡的辛辣口味。)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.Fromanearlyage,sherealizedthatherfamily,alongwithotherslikehersintheirvillage,was____21____acyclethatleftthemlittlehope.Cheboiattendedcollege.____22____ascholarshipintheUnitedStates,workedoddjobstosupportherfamily,anddiscoveredher____23____forcomputerscience.She____24____thesuccessinfindingjobstohercomputerliteracy.Sheknewshewantedtoshareitwithher___25___backhome.Today,she’sgiving4,000kidsthechancefora____26____futurethroughhernonprofit,TechLitAfrica.Theorganizationusesrecycled____27____tocreatetechnologylabsinschoolsinruralKenya.In2018,shebegan____28____recycledcomputers.Shestartedsmall,carryingthemachinestoKenyaand____29____customsfeesandtaxesherself.TechLitAfricanowworkswithshippingcompaniesto____30____thedonatedcomputerssoit’smorecost____31____.Thedonatedhardwareis____32____topartnerschoolsinruralKenya,wherestudentsaged4to12receivedailyclassesand____33____opportunitiesfromprofessionalsandgainskillsthatwillhelpimprovetheireducationandpreparethemforfuturejobs.“MyhopeisthatwhenthefirstTechLitkidsgraduatefromhighschool,they’reabletogetajobonline____34____theywillknowhowtocode,”Cheboisaid.“Theworldisyouroysterwhenyouareeducated.Bybringingtheresources,bybringingtheseskills,weare____35____theworldtothem.”21.A.stuckin B.appliedto C.strickenby D.prohibitedfrom22.A.beyond B.on C.against D.for23.A.appreciation B.inspiration C.passion D.attraction24.A.praised B.credited C.strengthened D.admitted25.A.family B.friends C.colleagues D.community26.A.challenging B.transforming C.brighter D.nearer27.A.computers B.textbooks C.materials D.wastes28.A.programming B.studying C.purchasing D.accepting29.A.cutting B.handling C.collecting D.charging30.A.transplant B.translate C.transport D.transform31.A.efficient B.rewarding C.accessible D.reliable32.A.attached B.committed C.contributed D.distributed33.A.rare B.frequent C.unique D.equal34.A.because B.before C.unless D.though35A.integratinginto B.turningon C.openingup D.adaptingto【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.B25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼莉·切博伊通过她的非营利组织TechLitAfrica为肯尼亚农村的孩子们创造更加美好的未来。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：从小她意识到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一个让他们没有什么希望的恶性循环。A.stuckin困于；B.appliedto适用于；C.strickenby受……打击；D.prohibitedfrom被禁止……。根据后文的“thatleftthemlittlehope”可知，他们没有什么希望，即他们受困于这个贫穷的恶性循环。故选A项。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：Cheboi依靠奖学金在美国读大学，打零工养家，并发现了自己对计算机科学的热情。A.beyond超出；B.on在……上；C.against反对；D.for为了。根据前文的“GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.