考研英语阅读unit-16

Unit16

Theshortestanswerisdoing.

最简单的回答就是干。

学习内容题材词数建议时间得分统计做题备忘

PartAText1社会生活437/10

Text2科普知识417/10

Text3商业经济442/10

Text4文化教育420/10

PartB科普知识653/10

PartC生态环境460/10

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A]f[B]JC]

or[D],

Text1

TruthinadvertisingisaconceptcentraltotheAmericanfreemarketeconomicsystem.

Accordingtothistheory,companiesthatadvertisetheirproductstomassaudiencesmuststrictly

deliverontheirpromises,andthequalityoftheirgoodsmustliveuptothehypeputoutbythe

sellers.Jnordertoexaminejusthowimportanttruthfuladvertisingis,letusconsiderforamoment

aworldinwhichtherewasnosuchconstraintimposeduponsellers.Itwouldbeaworldwhere

advertiserswerefreetoexaggerateorevenlieastheypleased,doinganythingtomaketheir

productslookgreat,evenwhenit'sofinferiorquality.

Firstly,theunreliabilityofthegoodsinquestionwouldnodoubtshatterconsumerconfidence.

Warybuyerswouldshopmuchless,thusdecreasingthevolumeoftradeandleadingtoa

weakenedoveralleconomy.Further,themarketwouldfinditselfstagnating,thelackofgrowth

attributabletothefactthateveryoneisreluctanttobuyproductsofwhichtheyareuncertain.

Withoutgrowth,noprogressisachieved.

Innovationonallfrontswouldsufferaswell.Withconsumersconstantlyonguardagainst

gettingrippedoff,brandloyalty,wouldbemoreimportantthanever;Buyerswouldsimplystick

withproductsthattheyknowtobeofgoodqualityandbeveryhesitanttospendtheirmoneyon

“riskier,“unfamiliarones.Thiswouldmakeentryintothemarketbynewsellersorproducers

almostimpossible,eveniftheirproductswereofbetterqualitythanexistingones,simplybecause

noonewouldbewillingtogivethematry二Withnewplayerseffectivelybarredfromthegame,

we'releftwiththesamegoodsinthemarket,dayafterday,yearafteryear.

Intherealworld,however,truthinadvertisingallowsAmericanconsumerstotrusttheboasts

ofproducers.Thus,brandloyaltyislessofanimpenetrablebarriertoentry.Inordertoenterinto

themarket,newsellersorproducerswouldsimplyhavetocreateabetterproductandthen

announcethefact.Thosewhoviolatetheprincipleoftruthinadvertisingbymakingfalseclaims

ofqualityarepunishedontwofronts.Thefirstisbythelawandthesecond,perhapsmore

effectively,isbythebuyersthemselves,whowillrefusetodobusinesswiththedishonestsellerin

thefuture.Imposedbybothlawandmarketforces,theprincipleoftruthinadvertisingisauseful

toolthatallowsforamoreefficient,pliablemarketpoisedforgrowthandconstantly

reinvigoratingitselfwithnewproducersandgoods.Theseproducersareconstantlycompeting

againstoneanotherfortherighttosingthepraisesoftheirproducts—truthfully,ofcourse.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor

[A]believestruthfuladvertisingisworthyofseriousstudy.

[B]whollysupportstheconceptoftruthfuladvertising.

[C]intendstoeducatethereaderontheeffectsoftruthfuladvertising.

[D]considerstruthfuladvertisingthemostimportantineconomicsystem.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2that

[A]economicgrowthguaranteesacountry'soveralldevelopment.

[B]whengrowthisnotoccurring,shopperswillbuylessgoods.

[C]customersarereluctanttobuygoodswhichareunreliable.

[D]ifaneconomyisexperiencinggrowthitwillbeastrongone.

3.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph4tellsusthat

[A]truthfuladvertisinghelpsavoidthenegativeresultspreviouslymentioned.

fB]onceexaggerationandliesareavoided,truthfuladvertisingfeasiblyoccurs.

[C]becauseoflaws,thequalityofaproductcanliveuptoitsproducer'sboasts.

[D]intherealeconomy,consumerstrusttheboastsofproducers.

4.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewiththeprinciplethat

[A]theboastsofconsumersmustbeexactlyaccurate,nomatterwhat.

[BJtoprotectconsumers,producersmustnotbepermittedtofalselyadvertise.

[C]toavoidstagnationintheeconomy,truthfuladvertisingmustbeenforced.

[D]truthfuladvertisingisthebestwaytoavoiddeclineoftheAmericaneconomy.

5.Themainpointofthetextisthat

[A]alackoftruthfuladvertisinglawsmustbeavoidedatallcosts.

[Blthetruthfuladvertisinglawsensuretheprosperitytheeconomy.

[CJtheAmericaneconomicsystemfunctionswellbecauseoftruthinadvertising.

fDltheresultofalackoftruthfuladvertisinglawsintheU.S.isexaminable.

Text2

Mr.MitsuyasuOta,theMayorofHirate,inwesternJapan,madethisweek'snewscolumns

afterimposingaone-day-a-weekbanontheuseofcomputerequipmentinthetown'smunicipal

offices.Thestepwastakenonthegroundsthatyoungstaff“mistakenlythinktheyareworking”

whensittingraptlyattheircomputerscreens.Atthesametime,Mr.Otalamentedthat“young

peoplearenotinthehabitofwritingbyhandanymore”.

Oneofthefavoriteargumentsbroughtoutbytheoppositionintechnologywarsisthenotion

thatatechnicalshortcutissimultaneouslyakindofmentalimpoverishment,andthattheman

withthepenwillthinkandwritemoreeffectivelythanthemanwiththeCompaq.

Leavingasidethequestionofwhetheradvancedtechnologymakesyouthinkless

dynamically,theideathatthereshouldberecognizablestylisticdiscrepanciesbetweentheworkof

pen-pushersandkey-tappersshouldn'tintheleastsurpriseus.Historically,literarystyleshave

alwaysborneastrongrelationshiptotheavailabletechnology.Thequillpen,mostobviously,

alloweditsowneronlyacertainnumberofwordsbetweenrefills,therebyencouragingallthose

lengthyGibboniansentencesbristlingwithsubordinateclauses.Thefountainpen—which

allowedyoutowriteasmanywordsasyouwanted—andthemanualtypewriterwroughtfurther

revolutions.Itisnotparticularlyfar-fetched,forexample,tosuggestthatthestaccato,elliptical

proseofearly-20th-centuryModernistmasterssuchasHemingwayderivesinpartfromitshaving

beentyped,ratherthanwrittendown.

Butwhataboutthecomputerscreen?Whateffectdoesthathaveontheelementalpatternsby

whichthewriterdownloadsthewordsinhisorherhead?WithoutwantingtosoundlikeMayor

Ota,Isuspectthattoacertainkindofwriteritisasmuchahindranceasahelp.Asingleglanceat

theaveragebookshopwilldemonstratethatnovelsaregettinglonger.Thereareexcellentaesthetic

reasonsforthat,ofcourse,butthereisalsoatechnicalexplanation,whichistosaythatcomputers

allowyoutowritemorewordsandtowritethemmorequickly,withouttherestraintofhavingto

altereverythingbyhandandthenrewrite.

Everysooften,asareviewer,onestumbleswithasinkingheartacrossoneoftheseenormous

ramblingaffairs,which,howeverassiduoustheattentionsofitseditor,betraysitsoriginasa

screen-abettedmentalshow-off.Perhaps,likethemunicipalemployeesofMayoOta'sHirate,we

shouldalltrybanningcomputersonedayaweek.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,newwritinginstrument

[A]makessentenceslengthierandlengthier.[BJrendersprosepleasantertoread.

[C]causesstylisticdifferencesamongtheusers.[D]makeswritingshorterandmorecompact.

7.Inwhatwayisthecomputerahindrancetoawriter?

[A]Awritermayrunhiswritinglongjustforamentalshow-off.

[BJAwriterislesswillingtorewritehisnoveltomakeitbetter.

[C]Ideasareputintowordsbeforetheyaremadeclearerinthemind.

[D]Thecomputerallowsawritertowritewithoutcarefulchoiceofwords.

8.Theword4tassiduous^^(Line2,Para5)probablymeans

[A]cautious.[B]intentional.[C]conscious.[D]purposeless.

9.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsMayorOta'sbanisoneof

[AJacknowledgement.[B]opposition.[CJneutrality.[D]enthusiasm.

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

[A]Frequentuseofcomputerleadstomentalimpoverishment.

[BlComputerusersthinklesseffectivelythanpenusers.

[C]Computersgiveawritermorefreedominexpression.

[D]Frequentcomputeruserscan'tconcentrateonwhattheydo.

Text3

Untilrecentlytherewasmuchtalkoftheimpendingdeathofdividends.Butaconfluenceof

eventshasconspiredoflatetomakebossesandinvestorsthinkagain.Stockmarketshavesagged,

makinginvestorsnoticetheminimalamountsofcashtheywereearningfromtheirshares.

Thedecliningroleofdividendswasencouragedbythetheoriesofacademics,manyofwhom

instructedtoday'stopmanagersinbusinessschool.OneNobel-Prize-winningtheorysuggested

thatwhetherornotafirmpaidadividendshouldmakenodifferencetothevalueofafirmto

investors.Accordingtothis“irrelevancetheory"，everyshare'svalueisbasedonthefuturecash

flowsfromacompany;itdoesnotmatteratallwhetherthosecashflowsarepaidoutindividends

orkeptascashonhandbythefirm.

AnywaythebubbleinAmericansharepricesinthe1990shasledsomeacademicstoaskifthe

marketscanbereliedupontothinkrationallyaboutanything,includingdividends.Butinthereal

worldthereremainsoneoverwhelmingreasonwhydividendpolicyisnotirrelevant:tax.Theway

dividendsaretaxedcanhavewide-rangingconsequencesforhowafirmisrun.Inparticular,itcan

influencewhetherafirmfinancesitselfprimarilythroughequityordebt,andhowitchoosesto

returnprofitstoitsshareholders.

Taxesmaylargelyexplainthegrowingpopularityofsharebuybackscomparedwithdividends

inrecentyears.Buybacksare,intheory,justanotherwaytoreturncashtoshareholders,bybuying

upsharesontheopenmarketandretiringthem.Thereductioninthenumberofsharesoutstanding

meansthatprofitsarespreadoverasmallerbaseofshares,whichshouldliftsharepricesfor

investorswhodonotsellthembacktothefirm.

Inmostcountries,taxrulesallowfirmstotreatinterestpaymentsondebtasatax-deductible

expense,whereascashpaymentstoequityholdersintheformofdividendsorsharerepurchases

comeoutofafter-taxincome.Allelsebeingequal,therefore,thetaxsystemtypicallymakesdebta

cheapersourceoffinanceforafirm,atthemargin,thanequity.

Inrecentyears,governmentsalmosteverywherehavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedabout

theimpactoftaxationoncompanies.Byandlarge,theyhavefavoredtaxreformsthatareintended

toboostbusinessactivity,suchascuttingmarginaltaxrates—thoughinpracticetheirreforms

haveoftenhadunpredictableresults.Forexample,in1997Britainendedalltaxexemptionsfor

dividends,ostensiblytoencouragereinvestmentofprofitsbyfirms,butthereisnoevidencethatit

achievedthisaim,accordingtotheInstituteforFiscalStudiesinLondon.

11.The''irrelevancetheory”arguesthat

[AJeveryshare'svalueisrelatedtothefuturecashflowsfromafirm.

[B]dividendafirmpaidisrelevanttotax.

[C]everyshare'svaluehasnothingtodowithmarket.

[D]thevalueofafirmisdirectlyrelatedtothedividend.

12.Thewaythatdividendsaretaxedinfluenceshow

[A]afirmreturnsprofitstoitsworkers.

IBJafirmbuysupsharesontheopenmarket.

[C]afirmfinancesitself.

[D]afirmreturnscashtoitsshareholders.

13.Theword“outstanding”(Line4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans

[A]excellent.[BJconspicuous.[C]notyetpaid.[DJalreadyissued.

14.TaxreformsinBritainareusedtoillustratethat

[A]governmentshavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetaxation.

[B]resultsoftaxreformsareunpredictable.

[CJtaxreformshavehadachievedpredictableaims.

[D]Britishgovernmenthasendedalltaxexemptionsfordividends.

15.Whatisauthor'sattitudetowardsdividend,accordingtothetext?

[A]Skeptical.[B]Puzzled.[C]Objective.[D]Critical.

Text4

WhenOxfordUniversitymootedtheideaofestablishingabusinessschoolsixyearsago,

outragedOxoniansunleashedvolleysofCiceronianoratory,arguingthatthegrovesofacademe

shouldbeoutofboundstocommerce.Howtimeshavechanged.FrustratedbytheBritish

government'sreluctancetolettheuniversitychargereal-worldtuitionfees,demoralizedby

mountingchargesofelitism,withresearchandteachingstifledbyinadequatestatesubsidies,the

donsarerealizingthatcapitalismmightjustbethekeytotheirfuture.Atthetraditional

800-year-oldinstitution,increasingnumbersofthemarecallingfortheiruniversitytobe

privatized.

That'sahugelycontroversialproposalinacountrythatstillclingsfiercelytotheidealof

providingafree,state-fundededucationtoanyonewhomeritsit.PrimeMinisterTonyBlairwants

50percentofBritain'sunder-30sinfull-timeeducationby2006,andgivenhisno-new-taxesstyle,

universitiessuspectthey'llberesponsibleforfindingalargeproportionofthe$15millionthat

willcost.AlreadyOxfordishavingtroublepayingsalariessufficienttoattracttopteachers;afull

professorgets$68,400—roughlyhalfthesalariesoftheirU.S.counterparts.ForOxford,for

longtheglobalepitomeoftop-drawereducation,thequestioniswhethertheuniversity'sdaysasa

bastionofworld-classexcellencemightbeover.

Latelytheissueseemstohavetakenonanewurgency.Newspapersreportedmini-scandaljust

lastweekthata19-year-olddeafstudent,AnastasiaFedotova,failedtowinplacedespitehigh

examscores.ChancelloroftheExchequerGordonBrownlambastedtheadmissionssystemas

“morereminiscentoftheold-boynetwork...thangenuinejusticeinoursociety."Thishighlighted

justhowvulnerableOxfordremainstochargesofelitism.

“Moreandmorepeoplearesayingtheonlysolutionisindependence/*saysclassicsprofessor

RichardJenkyns.Intheend,Oxfordmaybehopingforsomein-betweensolution.Since1998it

hasbeenpumpingfundsintoaprivatecompanycalledISISInnovation,setuptocommercialize

researchers9discoveries.Ofatotalof28fledglingspin-offs,allarestillinbusiness.Whilebig

payoffsarestillalongwayoff,“thatcouldquicklychange”，saysmanagingdirectorTimCook,“if

oneofthemhitsthejackpot,^^Moreimmediately,Oxfordbigwigsreportthatpermissiontocharge

thefullcostoftuitionwillalmostcertainlybegiveningovernmentreportduethisNovember.

Oxfordstillisn'tlikelytoletbusinessinterestsrunwildoveritshallowedgreensward.Butitis

learningthattheacademicfreedomitsoprizescanbepreservedonlyataprice.

16.WhichoneofthefollowingisthemajorreasonforOxfordUniversity'slackoffunding?

[AlTheideaofbuildingofabusinessschoolhasbeenrejectedbytheteachers.

[BJThegovernmentisreluctanttoletitchargethestudentshightuitionfees.

[C]Ithastopaysufficientsalariestoattracttopteachers.

[D]Thegovernmentcan'taffordthehighresearchsubsidies.

17.BycitingtheexampleofAnastasiaFedotova,theauthorintendstoshowthat

[AJtheuniversityhastakenonanewurgency.

[B]theuniversityholdsastrongdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.

[CJtheuniversityisinfavorofanetworkofolderapplicants.

[DItheuniversityputstoomuchemphasisonelitism.

18.Thephrase"hitsthejackpof^Line6,Para.4)probablymeans

[A]getoutofbusinesssuddenly.

[B]bediscoveredaccidentallybyforesightedbusinessman.

[C]makealotofmoneyunexpectedly.

[DJprovetobeveryusefulindailylifebychance.

19.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]OxfordUniversitywillgraduallybecomeaprivateuniversitylikeHarvard.

[B]OxfordUniversityisbeginningtothinkofcommercialwaystocollectmoney.

[C]TheonlysolutiontoOxfordUniversity'sproblemsisbeingindependent.

[D|TheBritishgovernmentwillofferOxfordUniversitymoresubsidies.

20.Thetextismainlyabout

[A]thefutureorientationofOxfordUniversity.

[B]thefinancialandmoralproblemsofOxfordUniversityandthesolution.

[C]theinfluenceofgovernment'spolicyonOxfordUniversity.

[D]thepurityofOxfordUniversityinitsfieldofacademicresearch

PartB

Directions:Inthearticle,followingsentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions21-25fchoose

themostsuitableonefromthelist[A]—[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Manyscientistshavewonderedwhetherthereissomequirkinthewaydepressionis

inherited,suchthatadepressedparentorgrandparentismorelikelytopassonapredispositionfor

thedisordertofemalethantomaledescendants.Basedonstudies由attracefamilyhistoriesof

depression,theanswertothatquestionappearstobeno.21..

Simplytracingfamilyhistories,though,withoutalsoconsideringenvironmentalinfluences,

mightnotofferacompletepictureofhowdepressionisinherited.

Indeed,KennethS.KendlerandhiscolleaguesattheMedicalCollegeofVirginiafoundina

studyof2,060femaletwinsthatgeneticsmightcontributetohowwomenrespondto

environmentalpressures.Theresearchersexaminedtwinswithandwithoutafamilyhistoryof

depression;sometwinsinbothgroupshadrecentlyundergoneatrauma,suchasthedeathofa

lovedoneoradivorce.Theinvestigatorsfoundthatamongthewomenwhodidnothaveafamily

historyofdepression,stressfuleventsraisedtheirriskfordepressionbyonly6percent.22.

Asimilarstudyhasnotbeendoneinmen,leavingopenthequestionofwhether

environmentalstressandgeneticriskfordepressioninteractsimilarlyinbothsexes.Butresearch

isbeingdonetodeterminewhethermenandwomengenerallyexperiencesimilaramountsand

typesofstress.Studiesofkeyhormoneshintthattheydonot.Hormonesarenotnewtodepression

researchers.Manyhavewonderedwhetherthegonadolasteroidsestrogenandprogesterone一

whosecyclicfluctuationsinwomenregulatemenstruation-mightputwomenatagreaterriskfor

depression.Thereareatleasttwowaysinwhichtheymightdoso.

First,becauseofdifferencesbetweentheXandYchromosomes,maleandfemalebrainsare

exposedtodifferenthormonalmilieus.23..

Indeed,animalexperimentsshowthatearlyhormonalinfluenceshavemarkedbehavioral

consequenceslateron,althoughthephenomenonisofcoursedifficulttostudyinhumans.

Second,thefactthatpost-pubertalmenandwomenhavedifferentlevelsofcirculating

gonadalsteroidsmightsomehowputwomenathigherriskfordepression.Researchshowsgirls

becomemoresusceptibletodepressionthanboysonlyafterpuberty,whentheybegin

menstruatingandexperiencehormonalfluxes.24..

Forexample,PeterJ.SchmidtandDavidR.RubinowoftheNationalInstituteofMental

Healthrecentlyreportedthatmanipulationsofestrogenandprogesteronedidnotaffectmood,

exceptinwomenwhosufferfromseverepremenstrualmoodchanges.

Itnowappears,however,thatestrogenmightsetthestagefordepressionindirectlyby

primingthebody'sstressresponse.Duringstressfultimes,theadrenalglands—whichsitontop

ofthekidneysandarecontrolledbythepituitaryglandinthebrain—secretehigherlevelsofa

hormonecalledcortisol,whichincreasestheactivityofthebody'smetabolicandimmunesystems,

amongothers.25..

Evidenceisemergingthatestrogenmightnotonlyincreasecortisolsecretionbutalso

decreasecortisofsabilitytoshutdownitsownsecretion.Theresultmightbeastressresponse

thatisnotonlymorepronouncedbutalsolonger-lastinginwomenthaninmen.

[A]Butthesameriskrosealmost14percentamongthewomenwhodidhaveafamilyhistoryof

depression.Inotherwords,thesewomenhadseeminglyinheritedthepropensitytobecome

depressedinthewakeofcrises.

[B]Tofigureoutwhydepressionismorecommonamongwomen,scientistshavetostudyhow

geneticsandenvironmentdividethesexes—andhowthetwoconspiretoproducethe

symptomswedescribeasdepression.

[C]Inthenormalcourseofevents,stressincreasescortisolsecretion,buttheseelevatedlevels

haveanegativefeedbackeffectonthepituitary,sothateortisollevelsgraduallyreturnto

normal.

[D]Despitetheirimportance,estrogenandcortisolarenottheonlyhormonesinvolvedinfemale

depression,midstressisnottheonlyenvironmentalinfluencethatmightholdmoreswayover

womenthanmen.

[E]Thesehormonaldifferencesmayaffectbraindevelopmentsothatmenandwomenhave

differentvulnerabilities—anddifferentphysiologicalreactionstoenvironmentalstresseslater

inlife.

[F]Evenso,scientistshaveneverbeenabletoestablishadirectrelationbetweenemotionalstates

andlevelsofestrogenmidprogesteroneinthebloodofwomen.

[G]Womenandmenwithsimilarheritageseemequallylikelytodevelopthedisorder.

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.

Travelecologyisacommunitytourismplanningapproachunitingthethemesofsocial

developmentandecologicalsustainability.26)WKarguethatsustainabletourismand“sustainable

communitytourismdevelopment"havefailedtoemphasizetheconstraintsandopportunities

associatedwithdiedevelopmentoflocalsocialandpoliticalinstitutions.Wecontendthattourism

planningshouldhelpcreateequitable,sustainablecommunitiesresilientenoughtosurviveina

highlyvolatileinternationalenvironment,ratherthan“sustaining“tourismorspecificaspectsof

tourismdevelopment.27)Thetenntravelecologyindicatestheoreticalaffinitywiththefieldsof

politicalecologyandculturalecology,aswellasanattempttomoveawayfromsustainable

tourismmodels.Fromglobalpoliticalecology,theapproachincorporatesanimpactanalysisof

internationaleconomicandpoliticalconditionsoncommunitysustainability.FromAmerican

culturalecology,theapproachborrowstheenvironmentalethicsofLeopoldandMuiraswellas

thedemocraticpragmatismofJohnDewey.Thetravelecologyapproachisbaseduponsixbroadly

conceivedprinciples:discovery,mutuality,locality,historicity,potentiality,andenhancement.We

viewtheseprinciplesascontributingtotourismplanningtheory,ratherthanconstitutinga

definitivemodelorprocess.

Discoveryisthebeginningofdialogueamongresidents,duringwhichtheydiscovermutual

fearsandexpectations.28)Itisduringthisphasethatthetourismplannermustassistwiththn

constructionofgoalsandobjectives,assistinvenlorydevelopment,facilitatepublicdialogue,and

attimesmitigateconflictbetweenstakeholdergroups.Thesustainabletourismliteratureplaces

littleemphasisonpotentialconflictsarisingoverresourcedistributionanduse.Thetravelecology

approachrecognizesthatconflictisanecessarypartofthe"good"communityasamethodof

sociallearning.

Mutualitymeansresidentsengageinacommonlanguageemphasizingsharedvalues,ideas,

andconcerns,whileatthesametimerespectingindividualperspectives.Thetravelecology

approachviewssustainabilityasamatterofstrengtheningsocialnetworksandcivicinstitutions.

Manytourismplannersfailtoenlistlocalsocialandcivicgroupswhenbuildingsupportfor

communitytourismdevelopment.29)Thec】eationofsocialcapitalbecomesimportanttotourism

developmentnotonlyforgeneratinghospitalitythathelpsmakeacommunityadesirable

destination、butalsoforsharingscarceresourcesrequiredforcreatingasuccessfulproduct.

Localitybeginswiththenotionthatenvironmentalawarenesstowardenvironmentssuchas

rainforestsandsavannasbeginswithanawarenessofcommonplaceenvironments.30)Thisisnot

toadvocateanabandonmentof“endangered”environments,onlythatawarenessoflocalityis

criticaltothedevelopmentof-senseofplace“一oftenmentionedasanaestheticcomponentof

sustainability.Thetravelecologyapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthecommunityisbotha

sociallyconstructedexperienceandanecologicallygroundedplace.Socialnetworksandnatural

andbuiltenvironmentsinwhichsuchnetworkstakesplacearemutuallyreinforcingelementsof

community.

做题点拨与全文翻译

PartA

Text1

语境词汇

1.delivervt.(on)履行诺言；递送，传送

2.hypen.&vt.(天花乱坠的广告宣传)

3.imposevt.强迫，强加；课税vi.利用

4.shattervt.毁坏，大大扰乱；砸碎

5.fromn.活动的领域或范围;前面；前线

6.ripoff欺骗：欺诈；撕掉

7.impenetrablea.不能穿过的，不能通过的

8.pliablea.能适应的；柔顺的；易弯的

9.poisea.使做好准备

10.reinvigoratevt.使再振作，使复兴

难句突破

1.［Accordingtothistheory］,companies(thatadvertisetheirproductstomassaudiences)must

strictlydeliverontheirpromises,andthequalityoftheirgoodsmustliveuptoIhchyRC(putout

bythesellers).

【分析】并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句。在前一分句中，that引导的定语从句修饰

companies；后一个分句中pulout…为过去分词短语作Ihehype的后置定语；accordingto...

作句首状语，修饰整句。

【译文】根据这一理念，将产品对广大观众进行宣传的各个公司都必须严格履行自己的诺言，

而且卖者在促销广告中将产品描述成什么样，他们的产品质量就必须达到什么水准。

2.Thiswouldmake则jylinjQlhfeiroikgLbxj城w废11以§期蜀城煦(葭s)almostimBOssible,［evenif

theirproductswereofbetterqualitythanexistingones］,simply［becausenoonewouldbewilling

togivethematry］.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为“主一谓一宾一宾补”的结构；evenif引导让步状语从句；

because引导原因状语从句。

【译文】这样会使新的卖者或生产厂家几乎不可能打入市场，即便他们的产品质量比现在市

场上的要好也不行，原因很简单：没人愿意给他们一次机会去试一试他们的产品。

本攵是•篇“观点论证型”论述文。文章主要论述了广告宣传也应该实事求是。第•段

提出观点：广告宣传要实事求是，如果不实言相告的话，会产生严重的后果；第二、三段中

用假设论证了如果进行虚假的广告宣传，会导致消费者不再信任广告，任何新产品的市场都

难以打开，那么整个市场经济都会受到影响，就会产生严重的后果；第四段作者列举现实中

美国广告宣传的例子——美国广告宣传由于受到种种压力，保持着优良的传统，因此促进了

整个经济的发展，从而进一步证明了自己的观点。

答案解析全文翻译

1.【题眼】首段设题［11广告宣传应实言以告是美国自由

【解析】选［B］。推理判断题。作者在第一段中市场经济体系中的一个核心概念。根据这

首先提出广告宣传的真实性是美国自由市场经一理念，将产品对广大观众进行宣传的各

济体系中的核心概念，接